springer netherlands springer netherlands aug 2014 (154 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 404 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -There are many natural hazards such as floods, landslides, volcanoes and earthquakes in the Asia-Pacific Region. Nevertheless, there are few studies of such natural hazards in this region and knowledge about their mitigation is of the utmost importance. This book documents the use of geomorphological maps showing the state of flooding; these maps allow predictions to be made. The author has compiled geomorphological maps and documentation of their validation, and the maps allow not only estimation of flooding, but also prediction of soil liquefaction caused by earthquakes. Audience: The results of the discussions in this book apply not only to geographers, consultants, engineers and policy makers in Japan and Southeast Asian countries, but also to those from Europe, North America, and Africa.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 192 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -1t gives me great pleasure as Chairman of the Section on Business Law to write a foreword to this, the second volume in a series of books on Maritime Law. Volume I dealt with 'Arrest of Vessels' and the remain ing subjects tobe covered are 'Mortgages of Vessels' and 'Registration of Vessels'. The first volume has proved most successful and many lawyers have testified to its practical value. I am certain that this second volume will have an equally warm welcome. The series is the inspiration of Lennart Hagberg, the Chairman of the Section on Business Law's Committee on Maritime and Transport Law. Both he, and the contributors to the series who are all members of that Committee, are busy practising lawyers, and it is only by making sacrifices that they have been able to add this additional task to their already heavy commitments. In particular, Lennart Hagberg's task as editor has involved an enormous amount of work and I am most grateful to him and bis fellow-contributors for all that they have done. May I wish this Book and those following it every success.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 536 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This cumulative index of structure reports contains all the structures for the years 1913-1980 (Volumes 1 to 46B) and the authors for the latest 10-year period 1971-1980 (Volumes 37B-46B).Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 672 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In recent years economics has been the subject of increasingly severe criticism. It has failed both to predict and to counteract the economic crisis now aftlicting nearly the whole Western world. Economic life is more disrupted than ever: - the rate of inflation has risen alarmingly - unemployment has not been as high since the 1930s - economic growth is stagnating - there is increasing opposition to the inequality in the distribution of income and wealth, on anational scale as weIl as in the world at large - the process of economic integration (EEC, GATT, UNCTAD) is being thwarted - programmes of economic development in the third world have not produced the desired effects - etcetera. Obviously, it would not be fair to put the blame for the crisis on economic science. But the present predicament does call for serious consideration of the !imitations of economic explanation. Among the social sciences, economics is unquestionably the most advanced discipline. Its very sophistication, however, leads it to abstract from social phenomena such as norms, institutions, power, conflict and social change. Thus the manifest influence of sociological variables on the course of economic processes remains hidden. Dominating this book as a drumbeat is the conviction held by the several authors that a c1earer grasp of the current problems may be obtained if economists and sociologists are prepared to co-operate more closely. An interdisciplinary approach is warranted; the distinction between the social sciences should be less sharply drawn.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 192 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -both independent of, and competitive with, similar structures in geography and geology to which its parent bodies belong. This move is likely to be seen as one of great significance by those involved in its organisation and by many beyond it, and it may well signal structural changes within the discipline whose actual outcome and meaning will not be clear for several decades. My perspective on such a move is cool, because the adoption of an historical perspective with respect to the practice of 'geomorphology' in times past brings the recognition that times present are in no sense different. That which seems appropriate, fundable, official and achievable is just that: the essays of Stoddart (Chapter 8) and Hewitt (Chapter 9) both neatly illustrate, in their different ways, the distinction between 'official' and 'scientific' approaches to the same problem. But institutional expansion, Vitek's paper not withstanding (Chapter 14), may not be why our geomorphology will be of interest to future generations. What that interest will be is a matter for speculation.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 364 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In this edited open access book leading scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds wrestle with social science integration opportunities and challenges. This book explores the growing concern of how best to achieve effective integration of the social science disciplines as a means for furthering natural resource social science and environmental problem solving. The chapters provide an overview of the history, vision, advances, examples and methods that could lead to integration.The quest for integration among the social sciences is not new. Some argue that the social sciences have lagged in their advancements and contributions to society due to their inability to address integration related issues. Integration merits debate for a number of reasons. First, natural resource issues are complex and are affected by multiple proximate driving social factors. Single disciplinary studies focused at one level are unlikely to provide explanations that represent this complexity and are limited in their ability to inform policy recommendations. Complex problems are best explored across disciplines that examine social-ecological phenomenon from different scales. Second, multi-disciplinary initiatives such as those with physical and biological scientists are necessary to understand the scope of the social sciences. Too frequently there is a belief that one social scientist on a multi-disciplinary team provides adequate social science representation. Third, more complete models of human behavior will be achieved through a synthesis of diverse social science perspectives.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 288 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The last twenty years or so have seen a flurry of activity in the synthesis of new polymer systems. This interest has developed largely as a result of the increased need for advanced materials. Despite the emergence of a number of outstanding polymers, it is the polyimides that have captured the imagination of scientists and engineers alike as materials that offer outstanding promise for the high technology applic ations of the future. The reputation of the polyimide has been established on the bases of outstanding thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties and the ability to be fabricated into useful articles. Polyimides offer a versatility unparalleled in most other classes of macromolecules. Polymers can be prepared from a variety of starting materials, by a variety of synthetic routes. They can be tailor-made to suit specific applications. By judicious choice of starting materials, polymers can be made that offer variations in such properties as glass transition tempera ture, oxidative stability, toughness, adhesion, and permeability. It is this versatility that has led to the use of polyimides in a wide variety of applications. The electronics industry makes extensive use of poly imide films in, ior example, semiconductor applications. The leading polymer matrices for high temperature advanced composites are polyimides. High temperature adhesive systems for the bonding of metals or composites are often based on polyimides. In addition, polyimides are now finding use as fibres, foams, sealents and even membranes for the low energy separation of industrial gases.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 308 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This brief fills a gap in the studies of organized crime in Mexico (Kan 2012, Ríos 2011, Dell 2011) by documenting and mapping the post-2008 assassination of Mexican border police chiefs. It traces out a ¿systematic¿ of law-enforcement assassination in Northern Tier Mexico, showing how the selective, often sequential, hits by cartels on chiefs in border towns and along key drug-trafficking corridors has proven an effective strategy by organized crime elements to serve several goals: (1) to retaliate for federal, state and local prosecution, (2) to try and neutralize police chiefs, (3) to achieve intermittent local governance and/or to seed corrupt police chiefs at the municipal level, and, (4) to reduce local governmental capacity to obtain greater freedom for movement of goods. It is argued that the tactical advantage of organized crime elements gives them relatively easy physical access to law enforcement targets and thus is thus one prime element facilitating the use of assassination as a strategy. U.S. and Mexican legal, political and judicial institutions have not been able to adequately restrict opportunity for law-enforcement assassinations. The inability to reduce access to weapons and officials, to increase security for police personnel, to reduce corruption and punish offenders sets the stage for the assassination of local law enforcement. Yet, it is the goals of organized crime elements (to clear drug-smuggling routes and to try and gain more pliant governance at the municipal level) that ultimately motivate such killings.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 128 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book offers innovative insights on South¿South human mobility. It features a collection of papers that highlight often overlooked mobility patterns among and within regions in the global South as well as address critical realities faced by South-South migrants.This publication thoroughly investigates key issues of the migration debate, spanning from the terminological and contextual meaning of migration and development. It also critically examines some of the key features that human mobility in the global South is characterized by, including the prevalence of intra-regional and labor mobility, the role of diasporas communities in developing countries, South-South remittances patterns, the influence of environmental factors on the decision to migrate and the rising number of child migrants.By carefully moving the lens from the frequently examined South¿North and North¿North movements to human mobility within the Southern regions of the world, this book questions the traditional conception of the migration paradigm. It offers knowledge and insights that will help to expand the debate as well as stimulate further research on this important topic and, hopefully, promote future activities aimed at the protection of migrants and their families living in the South. As a result, it is an ideal resource for migration scholars, policy-makers and development practitioners.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 188 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The International Conference on the State of the Art on Biogas Technology, Transfer and Diffusion was held in Cairo, Egypt, from 17 to 24 November 1984. The Conference was organized by the Egyptian Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASR T), the Egyptian National Research Centre (NRC), the Bioenergy Systems and Technology project (BST) of the US Agency for International Development (US/AID) Office of Energy, and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). A number of international organizations and agencies co-sponsored the Conference. More than 100 participants from 40 countries attended. The purpose of the Conference was to assess the viability of biogas technology (BGT) and propose future courses of action for exploiting BGT prospects to the fullest extent. The Conference emphasized a balanced coverage of technical, environ mental, social, economic and organizational aspects relevant to biogas systems design, operation and diffusion. It was organized to incorporate experiences that are pertinent, for the most part, to developing countries. In addition to the wide spectrum of presentations and country programs, structured and non-structured discussions among the participants were strongly encouraged in thematic sessions at round-table discussions, and through personal contacts during poster sessions and field trips. It was clear from the enthusiastic response of most participants that the Conference, in large measure, succeeded in fulfilling its mission. Although draft papers were distributed to all participants, it was felt that the results obtained were worthy of organized and refined documentation. And this is precisely what this book intends to do.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 740 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book is concerned with two problems: how eusociality, in which one individual forgoes reproduction to enhance the reproduction of a nestmate, could evolve under natural selection, and why it is found only in some insects-termites, ants and some bees and wasps. Although eusociality is apparently confined to insects, it has evolved a number of times in a single order of insects, the Hymenoptera. W. Hamilton's hypothesis, that the unusual haplodiploid mechanism of sex determination in the Hymenoptera singled this order out, still seems to have great explanatory power in the study of social ants. We believe that the direction, indeed confinement, of social altruism to close kin is the mainspring of social life in an ant colony, and the alternative explanatory schemes of, for example, parental manipu lation, should rightly be seen to operate within a system based on the selective support of kin. To control the flow of resources within their colony all its members resort to manipulations of their nestmates: parental manipulation of offspring is only one facet of a complex web of manipul ation, exploitation and competition for resources within the colony. The political intrigues extend outside the bounds of the colony, to insects and plants which have mutualistic relations with ants. In eusociality some individuals (sterile workers) do not pass their genes to a new generation directly. Instead, they tend the offspring of a close relation (in the simplest case their mother).Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 220 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 92, held in Los Angeles, U.S.A., August 28-31, 1979Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 360 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The Permanent Inventory of AGricultural REsearch Projects (AGREP) is an information system on current projects in agriculture and related fields in the Member States of the European Communities (Belgium, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom). Its creation is based upon a regulation of the Council of Ministers of the European Communities concerning the coordination of agricultural research (Council Regulation No 1728174 of 27 June, 1974). AGREP covers agriculture in an extensive sense of the word, i.e. including fields like fisheries and forestry, land use and development, conservation of nature, veterinary medicine, food science and technology, as well as agricultural economics and rural sociology. A detailed scope description is given in the subject classification facets 'fields of research' and 'subject areas' as presented on the introductory pages of the two printed volumes. The data base is fully computerized. It is available in printed form and on magnetic tape. On-line access is offered by EURONETIDIANE (DIrect Access Network for Europe). The data base is updated annually. The ,1980 issue of AGREP contains about 21.000 title citations of agricultural research projects. AGREP is a cooperative system. The national focal points (NFPs) collect input and provide it in an agreed format to the Commission which sponsors the management of the system and the provision of output to the Member Countries.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 1112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Peter B. Senholzi Manager, Applications Engineering Mechanical Technology Incorporated In most discussions concerning tribology, authors felt compelled to introduce the topic by first defining the term. In this discussion, however, the term will not be defined until after the circumstances that spawned its existence have been summarized. This discussion will revolve around two facets of mechanical system design, that of structural integrity and wear integrity. In the not too distant past, the evolutionary process of machine design had in most cases attained a stage of development where the structural integrity of a system was ensured. Simply stated, this means that the machine components would not 'break. ' However, at this development phase, little emphasis was placed on component wear integrity. This meant that although machinery components would not break, they would be subject to high wear/wear-out rates. Frequent component replacements were used in order to compensate for this situation. A 'throw away' philosophy was thus adopted. This philosophy, however, resulted in many undesirable secondary effects. Mechanical systems were characterized by expensive logistics, costly maintenance, limited availability, limited lives, and substantial energy consumption. This energy consumption resulted from primary effects of high equipment frictional levels {causing the high wear rate) and such secondary effects as spare parts production and transportation. As a result of these factors, the 'throw-away' philosophy was a very vulnerable luxury. During the last fifteen or so years, environmental factors with respect to mechanical system operation have changed 2 drastically.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 792 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This volume represents the proceedings of the fourth in this series of prestigious conferences devoted to the latest developments in ceramic engine components. Its aim is to bring together both research and engineering knowledge and to provide a state-of-the-art survey of this increasingly important field.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 1340 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book deals with the relationship between gravitation and elementary particle physics, and the implications of these subjects for astrophysics. There has, in recent years, been renewed interest in theories that connect up gravitation and particle physics, and in the astrophysical consequences of such theories. Some of these accounts involve a time-variation of the Newtonian gravitational parameter, G. In this respect, the present book may be regarded as a companion to my Cosmology and Geophysics (Hilger, Bristol, 1978). There is some overlap as regards the discussion of G-variability, but the emphasis in the present book is on astrophysics while the emphasis in the other one is on geophysics. The subject is a very broad one indeed, and in giving a review of it I have adopted a somewhat unorthodox way of presenting the material involved. The main reason for this is that a review of such a wide subject should aim at two levels: the level of the person who is interested in it, and the level of the person who is professionally engaged in research into it. To achieve such a two-level coverage, I have split the text up into two parts. The first part (Chapters 1-7) represents a relatively non-technical overview of the subject, while the second part (Chapters 8-11) represents a technical examination of the most important aspects of non-Einsteinian gravitational theory and its relation to astrophysics.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 204 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 244 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The discipline encompassing the use of high-resolution geophysics for obtaining geoengineering survey data has evolved rapidly over the past decades to become an interdisciplinary subject encompassing the fields of Geophysics, engineering, geology, marine geology, oceanography, and civil engineering. While high-resolution geophysical surveys are routinely performed offshore today, this has been so only since the late 1960s. High-resolution geophysical methods are employed in the offshore environment to obtain a comprehensive picture of the sea-floor mor phology and underlying shallow stratigraphy. The purpose of the survey methods is to assist in the design and installation of bottom-supported structures such as drilling and production platforms and pipelines. Drilling structures and pipelines of steel and/or concrete have become behemoths with respect to their size and the complexity of their design in order to withstand, for periods of up to twenty-five years, an extremely harsh environment, including storm waves, strong currents, unstable sea floor conditions, and great water depths. It is therefore of paramount importance that the geometry and physical properties of the sea floor be well understood in order to provide an adequate foundation for the design lives of such structures. On land, engineering foundation data usually may be obtained by visual field inspection and shallow borehole information, but offshore the presence of the water column places certain constraints on geoengineering investigations. High-resolution geophysical methods employed in the acquisition of geoengineering data offshore are defined as the use of seismic sources and receivers that operate at acoustic frequencies greater than 100 Hz.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 280 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Series Editor: Peter Calow, Department of Zoology, University of Sheffield, England The main aim of this series will be to illustrate and to explain the way organisms 'make a living' in nature. At the heart of this - their functional biology - is the way organisms acquire and then make use of resources in metabolism, movement, growth, reproduction, and so on. These processes will form the fundamental framework of all the books in the series. Each book will concentrate on a particular taxon (species, family, class or even phylum) and will bring together information on the form, physiology, ecology and evolutionary biology of the group. The aim will be not only to describe how organisms work, but also to consider why they have come to work in that way. By concentration on taxa which are well known, it is hoped that the series will not only illustrate the success of selection, but also show the constraints imposed upon it by the physiological, morphological and developmental limitations of the groups. Another important feature of the series will be its organismic orientation. Each book will emphasize the importance of functional integration in the day to-day lives and the evolution of organisms. This is crucial since, though it may be true that organisms can be considered as collections of gene determined traits, they nevertheless interact with their environment as integrated wholes and it is in this context that individual traits have been subjected to natural selection and have evolved.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 356 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The theory of nonlinear oscillations and stability of motion is a fundamental part of the study of numerous real world phenomena. These phenomena, particularly auto-oscillations of the first and second kind, capture, para metric, subharmonic and ultraharmonic resonance, asymptotic behavior and orbits' stability, constitute the core of problems treated in 'Nonlinear Mechanics', and their study is connected with the names of H. Poincare, A. M. Lyapunov, N. M. Krylov and N. N. Bogolyubov. Professor Demetrios Magiros, a widely known scientist in the theories of oscillations and nonlinear differential equations, has devoted his numerous works to this significant part of modern physical science. His scientific results can be classified in the following way: I) creation of methods of analysis of subharmonic resonances under the nonlinear effect, 2) determination and analysis of the main modes of nonlinear oscillations on the basis of infinite determinants, 3) analysis of problems of celestial mechanics, 4) classification of stability of solutions of dynamic systems concepts, 5) mathematical analogs of physical and social systems. He has developed new methods and solutions for a great number of difficult problems of nonlinear mechanics making a significant contri bution to the theory and applications of the field. Urgency, depth of perception of the considered phenomena, and practi cal directness are characteristics of his work.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 540 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The present volume continues the aim of Structure Reports to present critical accounts of all crystallographic structure determinations. Details of the arrange ment in the volumes, symbols used etc. are given in previous volumes (e. g. 41B or 42A, pages vi-viü). University of Guelph, G. FERGUSON Guelph, Ontario, Canada 1 May, 1993 STR UCTURE REPORTS for 1985 Volume52B Part2 STRUCTURE REPORTS for 1985 Valurne 52B (Part 2) ORGANIC SECTION General editor G. Ferguson Section editor G. Ferguson Published for the INTERNATIONAL UNION OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B. V. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction, VI Transition-metal Compounds (continued), 1103 Subject Index, 1902 Permuted Subject Index, 1993 Formula Index, 2053 Permuted Formula Index, 2078 Author Index, 2102 STRUCTURE REPORTS SECTIONID ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Edited by G. Ferguson with the assistance of C. H. Morgan D. F. Rendie S. J. Rettig S. N. Scrimgeour T. J. R. Weakley C. C. Wilson D. W. Young 2 ARRANGEMENT To find a particular organic or organometallic compound consult one of the indices (subject, permuted subject, formula or permuted formula) at the end of Part 2 of this volume. The general arrangement follows the classification used in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Base and is: aliphatic or open chain compounds; open chains with N, S; benzene derivatives; c cyclic hydrocarbons; condensed ring systems; heterocyclic compounds; carbohydrates; amino acids; natural products; molecular complexes; organometallic compounds - B, Si, P, AJJ, Sb, groups lA, IIA, III, IV, VI; transition meta! complexes - . .Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 2180 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The death of Jaroslav Hajek on June 10, 1974 was a heavy loss to many mathe maticians all around the world. The impact of his work on mathematical statistics has been so extraordinary that it has completely changed the character of some fields of this science. Some of his ideas have become a part of the common statistical conSClOusness. Hajek's contribution to statistics includes research in the theory of rank tests, parametric estimation, probability sampling, statistical inference in stochastic processes and various other specializations. His results were always of fundamental character for the corresponding field and they continue to stimulate further research and progress. For proving the results, he developed original methods which are now commonly used for the solution of many related problems. Hajek was an enthusiastic mathematician; the secret of his success was in his love for the subject and in his great sense for practical applications; just practical problems provided him the source of excellent mathematical problems and ideas. We see the best way of commemorating Jaroslav Hajek in the arrangement of the present volume which collects papers of authors whose work is related to Hajek's work and who were friends of him. The authors come from Czechoslovakia, Hungary. the Netherlands, Sweden, U.S.A . U.S.S.R., and West Germany. I wish to thank most cordially all the authors and all who contributed in any way to the success of the publication.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 320 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 1488 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 488 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 452 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The basic partial differential equations for the stresses and displacements in clas sical three dimensional elasticity theory can be set up in three ways: (1) to solve for the displacements first and then the stresses; (2) to solve for the stresses first and then the displacements; and (3) to solve for both stresses and displacements simultaneously. These three methods are identified in the literature as (1) the displacement method, (2) the stress or force method, and (3) the combined or mixed method. Closed form solutions of the partial differential equations with their complicated boundary conditions for any of these three methods have been obtained only in special cases. In order to obtain solutions, various special methods have been developed to determine the stresses and displacements in structures. The equations have been reduced to two and one dimensional forms for plates, beams, and trusses. By neglecting the local effects at the edges and ends, satisfactory solutions can be obtained for many case~. The procedures for reducing the three dimensional equations to two and one dimensional equations are described in Chapter 1, Volume 1, where the various approximations are pointed out.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 740 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In this chapter, the term 'renal osteodystrophy' will be used in a generic sense to include all the clinical syn dromes of skeletal disease and altered calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis resulting from chronic renal failure (CRF). The skeletal pathology can include osteitis TAHQgT 0BQAN8 fibrosa and other features of secondary hyperparathy OUT roidism, osteomalacia, aplastic or adynamic bone disease, PARATHVnOO QLAND osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, and in children, retardation of growth. Emphasis will be placed on the manifestations Figure I. Schema showing the conversion of vitamin D3 (D3) of these syndromes that occur in patients on maintenance to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or calciferol) in the liver dialysis with a consideration of pathogenesis, prevention and subsequently to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin Dj (l,25[OH)2D3 and management. or calcitriol) in the kidney. Vitamin D through a specific action on collagen metabolisnh. There The term, vitamin D, is used to include vitamin D, or are also cellular receptors for calcitriol in the parathyroid cholecalciferol, the naturally occurring sterol present in glands, pancreas, kidneys, and salivary glands, although animals, and vitamin D, or ergocalciferol, a sterol gener its action in these tissues are uncertain. Recently, calcitriol ated through the ultraviolet irradiation of plant precursors.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 1588 pp. Englisch.