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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The purpose of this monograph is to examine the logistical transportation gap in the tactical segment of the U.S. Army distribution system of the Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) and to provide recommendations for future capabilities and requirements necessary to reduce the current logistical transportation gap. The U.S. Army has struggled with logistical distribution at all levels since the Revolutionary War. This logistical distribution problem often leads to culmination or tactical pauses of an operation. The loss of capability or freedom of action due to logistics results from the inability to distribute supplies at the far end of the logistical supply chain, the last 1,000 yards. The Army historically has overcome logistical gaps by temporarily supplementing additional capabilities or resources to solve the immediate problem - essentially playing a shell game. As the Army transforms to a campaign quality force with an expeditionary capability, these shell games will no longer enable the desired effectiveness of the Modular Force. The methodology of this monograph consists of establishing critical components of the distribution gap through a historical lens and following these components through the transition of doctrine from the current Legacy Force to the emerging Modular Force. The identified critical components of the logistical transportation gap are transportation platforms, labor forces, and materiel handling equipment. The evaluation of these transportation pillars against the desired capabilities of the Modular Force forms the basis of the solution set required to address the logistical transportation gap. This monograph finds the IBCT's logistical transportation gap to be expanding not contracting under the emergent design of the Modular Force's logistical distribution system. To reverse this expansion process and bridge the logistical transportation gap, the proposed solution set incorporates changes across the spectrum of doctrine, organization.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This monograph examines the United States' position regarding further expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NAT0) to include additional countries that were part of the former Warsaw Pact during the Cold War. This process has been evolving since the early 1990s and has already seen Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic join the ranks of the alliance in 1999. The purpose of this monograph is to recommend a position that the United States should favor at the 2002 Summit in Prague, where the allies will address further expansion. This monograph begins by analyzing the history of NATO, an alliance that many consider one of the most successful in history, concentrating on NATO's evolving strategy after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact in 1991. This monograph also explains why the United States must stay involved in European affairs and keep Europe as a cornerstone of our national security strategy. This monograph next analyzes lessons learned from previous alliance expansions and how the alliance has helped solve historic differences between countries, as in the case of France and Germany, or perhaps helped them at least avoid war, as in the case of Greece and Turkey. This section also analyzes the impact of the first round of expansion on the alliance and concludes with a brief country overview of each of the nine NATO aspirant countries. This monograph next evaluates the suitability, feasibility, and acceptability of the nine aspirant countries wishing to join the alliance. It concludes that the United States should support an invitation for Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) at the 2002 Summit in Prague. This monograph finds that Albania is not yet politically or economically ready to join the alliance. Additionally, this monograph finds that although the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are domestically ready to join the alliance, they should not be inv.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The ability to produce high-resolution images of the Earth's surface from space has flourished in recent years with the continuous development and improvement of satellite-based imaging sensors. Earth-imaging satellites often rely on complex onboard navigation systems, with dependence on Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking and/or continuous post-capture georegistration, to accurately geolocate ground targets of interest to either commercial and military customers. Consequently, these satellite systems are often massive, expensive, and susceptible to poor or unavailable target tracking capabilities in GPS-denied environments. Previous research has demonstrated that a tightlycoupled image-aided inertial navigation system (INS), using existing onboard imaging sensors, can provide significant target tracking improvement over that of conventional navigation and tracking systems. Satellite-based image-aided navigation is explored as a means of autonomously tracking stationary ground targets by implementing feature detection and recognition algorithms to accurately predict a ground target's pixel location within subsequent satellite images. The development of a robust satellite-based image-aided INS model offers a convenient, low-cost, low-weight and highly accurate solution to the geolocation precision problem, without the need of human interaction or GPS dependency, while simultaneously providing redundant and sustainable satellite navigation capabilities.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Laser systems are finding a home in many military applications - such as Space Situational Awareness, imaging and weapons systems. With an increasing focus on programs that entail atmospheric propagations, there is a need for a cost effective method of performing proof-of-concept demonstrations. The use of one SLM (single phase screen) to model atmospheric effects has been investigated previously with promising results. However, some effects cannot be captured with asingle SLM. This paper focuses on the addition of a second SLM and quantifying the results. Multiple screens will allowthe user to independently control the Fried parameter, the isoplanatic angle, and Rytov Variance. The research is comprised of simulation and experiment. The simulation demonstrates the ability to accurately model atmospheric effectswith two phase screens. Based on the simulation, a hardware implementation was tested in the lab. This thesis describes the experimental set-up and results based on measurement of phase and intensity of the propagated field. It was noted that while analytic results are replicated in simulation, similar results in the lab were difficult to achieve.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Communication is a critical factor in any organization. The choices Air Force members make when communicating have a direct impact on mission accomplishment. Media Richness Theory (MRT) recognizes that communication needs, and the ability of various media to support them, are influenced by a number of factors involving the message content, situational elements, and its symbolic aspects. The theory predicts employees who use more appropriate communication media - face-to-face conversation, telephone, e-mail, and written correspondence - as predicted by the theory, will be more effective performers. The ability of MRT to explain supervisory performance ratings for a group of junior enlisted Air Force members (n=48) and another group of senior enlisted Air Force members (n=35) was tested. Results showed that junior enlisted members who made media choices more consistent with MRT were rated as more effective performers by their supervisors. This is consistent with the findings of previous studies.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This monograph addresses the various issues affecting operational flexibility for the Air Component Commander as it applies to the 21st Century security environment. By studying the current conflicts in Central Command's area of responsibility, the paper suggests there is a difference in the way air command and control is applied for major combat operations as opposed to irregular warfare. The U.S. military has embraced the concept of the Joint Task Force (JTF) to distribute combat power throughout the area of responsibility. But U.S. forces have had difficulty adjusting to the notion that more than one Joint Force Commander (JFC) can exist in a geographic area. In CENTCOM, the Air Component Commander works directly for the CENTCOM Commander and not for the individual JTF Commanders. This arrangement frustrates the various JTF Commanders. The application of air command and control is causing increasing friction between the Army and Air Force. When compared to the Marine Corps there exist three reasons for this disparity: service culture, air-minded liaisons at the appropriate level, and differences in applying airpower to the irregular fight. The main lesson from these three differences is that the Marines tend to be more engaged at the tactical level for planning and executing the mission as a combined arms team.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In August 2007, Major General Pavel Androsov, Commander of the Russian Strategic Bomber Force, announced with 'a bit of flair' that two of his TU-95 bombers had flown from Russia to the U.S. military base in Guam during the Valiant Shield 2007 exercises and had 'exchanged smiles' with U.S. fighter pilots before returning to Russia. The question is what was the motivation behind their smiles Were they simply friendly gestures or something more akin to Jack Nicholson's evil smile in the movie 'The Shining' when his axe-wielding character announced his return - 'Here's Johnny!' While this recent exchange of high-altitude pleasantries is only one in a series of provocative actions that Russia has taken over the past several months (similar airborne encounters have occurred off the coast of Alaska, Norway, Japan, Iceland, and the United Kingdom), it would be premature to announce that the Russian military is once again America's military peer, far from it.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - American policy in Afghanistan has evolved since the initial engagement of U.S. forces in Afghanistan. It has become increasingly clear that strategic focus must include a plan to concentrate upon and continue development of a stable and secure central government supported appropriately by the Afghan National Military.The evolution and progression of the central government as well as the Afghan National Army has become an essential task in the Afghanistan War. This monograph researches the history of some of Afghanistan's key governing regimes with focus primarily upon governance, military, economic and social factors of these previous governments and the national militaries which underpinned these regimes beginning in the mid-nineteenth century through the end of the twentieth century. The research also includes discussion and analyses of the culture and geography of Afghanistan as essential factors to be considered. The intention of this research is to identify potential operational level lessons learned that may assist coalition planners in developing the current Afghan National Army to in turn provide the requisite support to a stable central government for Afghanistan.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In support of the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) vision of the layered sensing operations center, command and control intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance (C2ISR) more focus must be placed on architectures that support information systems, rather than just the information systems themselves. By extending the role of UAVs beyond simply intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations and into a dual-role with networking operations we can better utilize our information assets. To achieve the goal of dual-role UAVs, a concrete approach to planning must be taken. This research defines a mathematical model and a non-trivial deterministic algorithmic approach to determining UAV placement to support ad-hoc network capability, while maintaining the valuable service of surveillance activities.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The commercial sealift industry is breaking free of the constraints of traditional hull designs that characterize present vessels. Several alternative designs are being developed to fulfill the need for high speed, heavy payload capable, long distance transportation. One such design, FASTSHIP is thought to be capable of speeds of 45 knots, carrying 8000 long tons, over 5000 nautical miles. This paper uses a combination of spreadsheet based linear programming (LP) and genetic algorithms (GA) to find the best mix of a military application of FASTSHIP's capabilities in strategic sealift. Using data and requirements from past Mobility Requirements Studies (MRS), the Excel based Sealift Optimization Model finds a minimum Net Present Value (NPV) cost mix of sealift ships needed to meet given requirements of cargo and containers within a specified time period subject to several constraints. Various acquisition methods are explored in the determination of cost to include buy, lease, and joint commercial use. Analysis of the model output validates that the current sealift mix is sufficient, however FASTSHIP may provide added capability to meet increased requirements at a cost with a commercial joint venture offering the least cost solution, especially if the Ready Reserve Force (RRF) is allowed to decrease.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Over 725 steganography tools are available over the Internet, each providing a method for covert transmission of secret messages. This research presents four steganalysis advancements that result in an algorithm that identifies the steganalysis tool used to embed a secret message in a JPEG image file. The algorithm includes feature generation, feature preprocessing, multi-class classification and classifier fusion. The first contribution is a new feature generation method which is based on the decomposition of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients used in the JPEG image encoder. The generated features are better suited to identifying discrepancies in each area of the decomposed DCT coefficients. Second, the classification accuracy is further improved with the development of a feature ranking technique in the preprocessing stage for the kernel Fisher's discriminant (KFD) and support vector machines (SVM) classifiers in the kernel space during the training process. Third, for the KFD and SVM two-class classifiers a classification tree is designed from the kernel space to provide a multi-class classification solution for both methods. Fourth, by analyzing a set of classifiers, signature detectors, and multi-class classification methods a classifier fusion system is developed to increase the detection accuracy of identifying the embedding method used in generating the steganography images.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The recovery of isolated American and allied personnel remains a priority for all commanders. The joint force commander designates the command-and-control of his rescue forces. The delegation during major combat operations is normally to the Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC). However, this delegation can be made outside of the Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC) for missions short of major combat operations. These missions include humanitarian and disaster relief operations, non-combat evacuation operations, defense support to civil authorities, and irregular warfare. The best method of decentralizing control is through the Rescue Operations Center (ROC). Rescue forces would use the ROC to control PR operations in a decentralized manner across the spectrum of military operations.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This study examines whether light infantry is envisioned for employment in an optimal way, specifically in an offensive role in Central Europe. The report reviews current doctrine and determines that a disconnect exists. Lower level manuals argue for innovative and aggressive offensive employment, while the division and higher level manuals virtually ignore this capability. A historical overview traces the employment of light forces in tactical infiltration roles from World War I to the Korean War and supports the use of these tactics for hitting critical, vulnerable areas in the enemy rear. Deep operations by light infantry are contrasted to other US capabilities for deep attack are then addressed at specific Soviet vulnerabilities at the tactical level suited for attack by light forces. The following type deep battle missions for light infantry are suggested for incorporation in US doctrine: deep spoiling attacks, attack of enemy ADA assets (SEAD role) to open air corridors, deep attack against critical soft targets within 25 kilometers of the front lines, deep tactical reconnaissance to locate targets for other deep attack assets, and the provision of terminal guidance for smart munitions. The study concludes that light infantry, in Central Europe, operating closer to the unconventional mode and using infiltration tactics is able to strike the enemy at a time and place for which he is unprepared. The cumulative effect of a number of these small blows can disrupt the enemy and expedite the reaching of his culminating point.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Military theorists such as David Alberts contend that information technologies will allow for wider and more rapid sharing of information. In order to take advantage of the emerging possibilities presented by information technologies the theorists recommend changes to the structure of information age military organizations and changes to the methods for command and control of military forces. Some of their ideas have implications for the traditional function of command. This monograph asks how contemporary military theorists account for the essence of command in information age theories of warfare. Case studies of Frederick the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte, and Dwight D. Eisenhower demonstrate that the essence of command is the dynamic relationship among nine imperatives. These imperatives include context, action, nerve, presentation, design, intellect, expertise, coherence, and the individual. The monograph contends that the emerging information age theories of warfare are flawed because they are based on a definition of command that does not account for these imperatives. The monograph serves as a warning to those who might seek to optimize an army for network centric warfare.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The Air Force Combat Climatology Center (AFCCC) is continually tasked to provide temperature and other long-range seasonal forecasts for locations at which Department of Defense (DoD) personnel are performing long-range exercises and real-world mission planning support. DoD needs long-range forecasts to estimate how much fuel is necessary to keep energy production, purchases and operations at the proper levels to accommodate all the energy needs on their installations and within their worldwide theaters of operation. Currently, the best long-range temperature forecasts the weather community has for worldwide locations use either climatological standard normals or simple frequency distributions of occurrences. This study creates a stepping-stone toward the solution of long-range temperature forecasting by finding a process to predict more accurate temperatures than those forecasts obtained using climatological standard normals or simple frequency distributions of occurrences. This same solution is also highly sought after by many non-DoD users as well. Northern Hemispheric teleconnection indices, created by rotated principle component analysis (RPCA), and the standardized Southern Oscillation index are statistically compared to Heating Degree Days (HDDs) and Cooling Degree Days (CDDs) at 14 U.S. locations. HDDs and CDDs were summed over three-month periods to compute seasonal summations. Teleconnection indices found to be leading modes, using RPCA, in a particular month are compared to the HDD/CDD summations of the following three months in order to create predictive models.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Just as many football players have failed to become great coaches, so too have many governmental leaders, leaders of industry and military officers failed to succeed when placed at higher levels of responsibility. Understanding how to solve problems at increasingly higher levels of dynamic complexity is certainly important to the success of the military at large. Being able to discern a complex situation, sizing up what is happening and what is critical to the situation, knowing at a glance what is occurring and why, confidently understanding what is important (and what is not), and then making a successful decision to respond are critical aspects of senior leader decision making. Resources at this level are rarely sufficient to overwhelm the opposition everywhere continuously. Divining a 'path of success' that maximizes leverage over the competition at least cost is imperative for long-term operations. One way to explore this vital issue is to examine the thoughts and decisions of those who have been thrust into complex decision making situations and were eminently successful, time and again. Sir William Slim faced almost insurmountable complexity in dealing with the Japanese in the China-Burma-India theater during World War II. Yet he managed to figure out a way to succeed in spite of the complexity he faced, soundly defeating the Japanese and driving them completely from the country. Bill Gates has faced complexity of an entirely different sort in his unparalleled rise to success in the computer software industry. He has managed, in spite of the complexity, to uncannily make decisions that have propelled him to the top of his profession. This monograph examines the research question, 'Do the decision making methods used by Sir William Slim and Bill Gates correspond to the theories espoused by Gary Klein with respect to patterns and anomalies, singular evaluation, and leverage points ' The author determines that both individuals use patterns and anomalies to an e.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - When it comes to organizational transformation, the Department of Defense (DoD) faces many of the same challenges that confront today's large corporations. Consequently, the DoD can benefit from establishing a strong relationship with Corporate America in order to improve its business operations. This paper summarizes the ideas from a Secretary of Defense Corporate Fellow who spent the past year immersed with industry looking at advanced technology and best practices/lessons learned that could be implemented to transform the DoD over the next decades. The paper begins with an introduction of the Secretary of Defense Corporate Fellows program and briefly describes the author's assignment with International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Next, the author provides an overview of IBM, personal observations made during the assignment, and subsequent recommendations for the DoD to consider as it shapes itself to meet the challenges of an ever-changing security environment.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - As the United States Army stands in the midst of a transitional period, it must determine what type of Army it will be. In doing so, the Army must come to grips with new realities of the strategic context that demand a capability to use 'Engagement' as defined in the National Security Strategy and an inculcation of 'Operational adaptability' as defined in the Army Capstone Concept. Recently, the United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) proposed a change to Army doctrine that would have made Special Operations a seventh warfighting function for the Army. The proposal failed to pass and the Army is now taking a much slower approach to changes. This monograph uses this failed proposal as a singular case study, or micro-event that illuminates a macro-phenomenon, which could be preventing the Army from meeting its challenges of engagement and operational adaptability. Using key elements of organization theory as a lens for understanding why the proposal failed, this monograph applies process tracing and argument mapping. It demonstrates that the fragmented organizational sub-culture of SOF may have influenced not only the failure of the proposal, but also continues to prevent the Army from leveraging the institutional strength of the SOF community toward engagement and operational adaptability.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Recent increases in the computational power of computers and digital signal processors have made possible new, novel signal tracking techniques in GPS receivers. One such technique is known as Direct Correlator Output Processing (DCOP). This technique replaces individual traditional tracking loops with a single Kalman Filter, which jointly processes the received signals while exploiting their correlated noises. DCOP is innovative in its potential to replace the tried and true classical signal tracking loops. It is also an enabling technology for ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS (Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System). Potential benefits of these new tracking techniques include an order-of-magnitude improvement in positional accuracy in environments of jamming and high dynamics. However, such performance gains are typically based on software simulations of conceptual GPS receiver designs, not working prototypes. Simulating these new designs requires the modeling of GPS signals and receiver tracking loops, instead of the traditional pseudorange and carrier-phase measurements, which many proven GPS simulation software packages accurately model.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This thesis examined the Air Operations Center (AOC) Air Tasking Order (ATO) development process using the Theory of Constraints (TOC). TOC defines a constraint as the variable in production in which a local innovation causes significant global improvement. The overall goal of this research was to identify constraints that exist in this development process, both within a single ATO cycle and across five concurrent overlapped cycles. There has been little documented research on the process of ATO development; much of what is available is either ad hoc, contradictory, or both. Despite this, it is widely agreed that up to five ATOs are concurrently in development at any one time. It is also widely acknowledged that a given ATO from initial conceptualization to execution takes 72 hours, with a daily ATO release occurring every 24 hours. What has not carefully been examined is the lateral interaction between processes within one ATO cycle, nor the vertical interaction between concurrent ATOs under development. Identifying these interactions for possible constraints will focus improvements in this complex command and control process. Using our model we identified specific locations of lateral constraints that often result in information chokepoints, and therefore reduced quality and/or late delivery of the ATO. We also pioneered identification of non-obvious vertical interaction between ATO cycles. Identification of these constraints will allow AOCs to more effectively plan and control ATO development to ensure accurate and on-time delivery of Air Tasking Orders.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - During the Cold War, the United States as a nation, and its military in particular, were very focused on nuclear warfighting. After winning the Cold War this focus became significantly lessened. However, in the past decade new concerns have arisen and it is once again realistic to think that the US military might have to operate in a nuclear environment. The one nuclear effect with the possibility to effect very large areas almost immediately after a nuclear explosion is the electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The EMP has the ability to affect any system which is or is composed of electronics or conductive media (e.g., metal). As the most advanced military in the world, the US military is highly dependent upon advanced electronic systems to operate. By obtaining a better understanding of how an EMP is formed and propagated and then affects systems, the military can better design, test, and certify its systems to ensure that they are capable of operating in an EMP environment, and the better understanding will enable this to be done in a cost-effective manner. This paper shall look at what we know about EMP, the facilities and resources we have for improving that understanding, and make some recommendations for how to best move forward with future programs.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This study investigates how application of Hydrogen Release Compound (HRC ) might be implemented to remediate a site contaminated withtetrachloroethene (PCE) or its daughter products, under varying site conditions. The 3-D reactive transport model RT3D was coupled with a dual-Monodbiodegradation submodel to simulate the effect of the hydrogen generated by HRC on accelerating the biodegradation of dissolved chlorinated solvents.Varying site conditions and injection well configurations were investigated to determine the effect of these environmental and design conditions on overalltreatment efficiency.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is an area of increased radiation that poses a danger to satellites and manned spacecraft. From June 2000 through July 2006, the TSX-5 satellite measured proton fluxes in the SAA using its CEASE instrument. A review of the satellite data by scientists at AFRL/VSBX revealed an unanticipated, recurring bi-modal structure in histograms of the proton counts. This research identified the bi-modal behavior as anisotropic in nature, and the result of two separate processes. At low altitudes the anisotropy was well described by the classic 'East-West Effect.' Comparisons of the satellite data to simple analytical models are presented. At high altitudes, the anisotropy was the result of the detector measuring protons at different pitch angles when looking east vs. west. The sampled pitch angles were also found to be function of location, leading to a latitudinal variation to this anisotropy. Finally, we also examined a series of unusually high readings that affected some of the statistics in this study. These anomalous counts were found to have a possible solar cycle dependence leading to questions about the suitability of the current time-independent scheme used to sort the satellite's data set. Other possible explanations for the anomalous counts are also presented.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The creep and recovery response of carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 composite with a 45 fiber orientation was examined in an argon environment at 288 C. Mechanical testing was executed for unaged specimens as well as specimens aged up to 1000 hours. Tensile tests were performed to determine Young's modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength. The creep tests were carried out at stress levels of 30 and 60 MPa. Creep periods of 25 hours were followed by recovery periods of 50 hours at zero stress. Weight loss measurements as a function of aging time were taken as well. The accumulated creep strain of the unaged specimen was ~.72% at 30 Mpa and ~1.86% at 60 MPa. The accumulated creep strain of the 1000 h aged test specimen was ~.15% at 30 MPa and ~.72% at 60 MPa. Prior aging time reduced the amount of creep strain accumulation, but it did not significantly affect recovery. The carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 composite had a weight loss of ~1.37% after 500 hours of aging, compared to a weight loss of ~.91% at 250 hours. The specimens experienced an initially rapid weight loss followed by a period of steady increase in weight loss rate.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Over the past decade, the Department of Defense has developed an In-transit Visibility capability. Despite significant funding and research in developing this capability, the initial deployment in support of Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) in 2001 highlighted an ongoing problem to achieve ITV within the U.S. Air Force. Initial results from Headquarters USAF initiated studies point to a need to focus on business processes related ITV management. This research employed a multiple case study design embedded in a functional benchmarking process to solicit ITV management 'best practices' from leaders in the civilian logistics industry and to identify gaps between their practices and those of the Air Force. The data collection method used electronic mail as a portal to conducting subject matter expert interviews. Using the data collected from the benchmarking partners, the research recognized 19 'best practices' and compared the civilian and military environments in 41 areas.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Agent technology has received much attention in the last few years because of the advantages that multiagent systems have in complex, distributed environments. For multiagent systems are to be effective, they must be reliable, robust, and secure. AFIT's Agent Research Group has developed a complete lifecycle methodology, called Multiagent Systems Engineering (MaSE), for analyzing, designing, and developing heterogeneous multiagent systems. However, developing multiagent systems is a complicated process, and there is no guarantee that the resulting system meets the initial requirements and will operate reliably with the desired behavior. The purpose of this research was to develop a semi -automated formal transformation system for the MaSE methodology, as one part of formal agent synthesis, that derives the system design based on the analysis. Since each transform in the transformation system preserves correctness, the designer can be sure that the resulting system design is correct with respect to the system specification. A secondary goal of this research was to develop a proof-of-concept module for agent Tool that implements the transforms.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - As an Air Force Chief of Staff endorsed topic, Air Force Studies and Analyses Agency (AFSAA) requested an effective and efficient way to reduce the variance in analysis results from THUNDER. THUNDER is a large-scale discrete event simulation of campaign-level military operations and is used to examine issues involving the utility and effectiveness of air and space power in a theater-level, joint warfare context. Given the large number of stochastic components within THUNDER, results are produced with highly variable measures of effectiveness (MOEs), causing difficulties in evaluating alternative force structures, weapon systems, etc. This work responds to AFSAA's request by examining the application of Common Random Numbers (CRN), Antithetic Variates (AV), Control Variates (CV), and a combination of AVs and CVs and a combination of CRNs and CVs.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Environmental managers utilize a variety of tools when assessing lotic systems for stressors attributed to anthropogenic sources. Stream deposited sediment has been recognized as one of the major stressors affecting streams in the U.S. The detrimental effect on aquatic biota of sediment depositing within the interstitial spaces of stream substrate (embeddedness) has been established, yet lacking is an effective in situ method of quantifying embeddedness over short time periods. The goal of this research was to develop a short-term embeddedness (EMB) quantification method that can be linked to benthic macroinvertebrate health. Such a method would be a valuable tool when conducting biological and physical habitat assessments of wadeable streams and rivers. An in situ embeddedness chamber was developed to capture sediment deposited within the interstitial spaces of a uniformly sized substrate. Using sediment accumulation and macroinvertebrate colonization as endpoints, three exposure periods were evaluated (4, 7, and 14 days) on a small order stream (Honey Creek, New Carlisle, Ohio, USA) and a medium order stream (Stillwater River, Covington, Ohio, USA). The experiment was conducted during low flow conditions with little variation in flow, turbidity, and total suspended solids. Three treatment areas located downstream of the EMB chambers also were established to assess benthic macroinvertebrate colonization rates. Different levels of substrate disturbance (disturbed, slightly disturbed, and undisturbed) were mimicked by removing the embedded fine sediments. Embeddedness chamber results show correlations between newly deposited fine sediment and insect colonization rates. Measured percent embeddedness (USGS method) results at both sites were close to a natural stream condition.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - United States (U.S.) outpost building after World War II tended to neglect local design in favor of imported American style and at the expense of efficiency and local acceptance (Gillem, 2005: 70). The numerous expeditionary installations established throughout the Middle East in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) offer a clean slate for transition to a policy that favors sustainable design as well as host nation acceptance through the use of indigenous architecture. By investigating desert indigenous architecture, low-tech design elements could be rediscovered and combined with modern technology to build new, environmentally-responsible buildings that are identifiable by the local culture. The potential of indigenous architecture was investigated by comparing its energy performance, force protection and fire safety characteristics, and ease of procurement to the same criteria for a standard prefabricated metal building. The core of the research was a literature review of current Department of Defense (DoD) construction standards and an examination of past and present examples of desert architecture including the Middle East and the southwestern U.S. Architectural drawings for a typical administration facility were created to show how traditional building materials and methods could be employed to match or exceed current standards. Results indicated that indigenous design offers advantages in energy performance and force protection, but initial cost and procurement time are not favorable. Therefore, selection of the optimum building construction technique depends on decision-maker values.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The route surveillance (RS) mission is a new application of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) to meet the reconnaissance and surveillance needs of combatant commanders. This mission intends to eld a four-vehicle UAS that can provide surveillance of convoy routes. This research focuses on developing a solution strategy based on the application of optimal control and cooperative control theory. The RS controller uses the UAS team size to divide the route into sectors for each entity. A specialized cost function and path constraints are used to formulate an optimal control problem that minimizes revisit time to the route and overall control energy of the UAS. The problem complexity makes an analytical solution di cult, so a numerical technique based on the Gauss pseudospectral method is used to solve for the optimal solution.