springer jun 1997 (21 Ergebnisse)

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Social Cognition: Are Primates Smarter than Birds ; P. Marler. Predicting Cognitive Capacity from Natural History: Examples from Four Corvid Species; R.P. Balda, et al. Assessing Body Condition in Birds; M.E. Brown. Avian Chemical Defense; J.P. Dumbacher, S. Pruett-Jones. Past and Current Attempts to Evaluate the Role of Birds as Predators of Insect Pests in Temperate Agriculture; D.A. Kirk, et al. An Evolutionary Approach to Offspring Desertion in Birds; T. Széleky, et al. Index.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Field-programmable logic has been available for a number of years. The role of Field-Programmable Logic Devices (FPLDs) has evolved from simply implementing the system `glue-logic' to the ability to implement very complex system functions, such as microprocessors and microcomputers. The speed with which these devices can be programmed makes them ideal for prototyping. Low production cost makes them competitive for small to medium volume productions. These devices make possible new sophisticated applications, and bring up new hardware/software trade-offs and diminish the traditional hardware/software demarcation line. Advanced design tools are being developed for automatic compilation of complex designs and routings to custom circuits.Digital Systems Design and Prototyping Using Field Programmable Logic covers the subjects of digital systems design and (FPLDs), combining them into an entity useful for designers in the areas of digital systems and rapid system prototyping. It is also useful for the growing community of engineers and researchers dealing with the exciting field of FPLDs, reconfigurable and programmable logic. The authors' goal is to bring these topics to students studying digital system design, computer design, and related subjects in order to show them how very complex circuits can be implemented at the desk.Digital Systems Design and Prototyping Using Field Programmable Logic makes a pioneering effort to present rapid prototyping and generation of computer systems using FPLDs.From the Foreword: `This is a ground-breaking book that bridges the gap between digital design theory and practice. It provides a unifying terminology for describing FPLD technology. In addition to introducing the technology it also describes the design methodology and tools required to harness this technology. It introduces two hardware description languages (e.g. AHDL and VHDL). Design is best learned by practice and the book supports this notion with abundant case studies.' Daniel P. Siewiorek, Carnegie Mellon UniversityCD-ROM INCLUDED!Digital Systems Design and Prototyping Using Field Programmable Logic, First Edition includes a CD-ROM that contains Altera's MAX+PLUS II 7.21 Student Edition Programmable Logic Development Software. MAX+PLUS II is a fully integrated design environment that offers unmatched flexibility and performance. The intuitive graphical interface is complemented by complete and instantly accessible on-line documentation, which makes learning and using MAX+PLUS II quick and easy. The MAX+PLUS II version 7.21 Student Edition offers the following features:

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The purpose of this book is to examine three pairs of proofs of the theorem from three different areas of mathematics: abstract algebra, complex analysis and topology. It is ideal for a 'capstone' course in mathematics for junior/senior level undergraduate mathematics students or first year graduate students. It could also be used as an alternative approach to an undergraduate abstract algebra course.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Section I: Controlled Fusion: Soon! (E. Teller). Comments on the Feasibility of Achieving Scientific Breakeven with a Plasma Focus Machine (J.S. Brzosko et al.). SelfColliding Beams as an Alternative Fusion System for DHe3 Reactors (N. Rostoker, M. Binderbauer). Target Physics for Inertial Fusion Energy (J.M. MartinezVal et al.). Spherical Pinch Research: Historical Background, Achievements, and Projections (F. Giammanco et al.). Section II: Perspectives of Advanced Confinement Programs (B. Coppi). Present Status of FieldReversed Configurations (J. Slough). Ignition Physics and the Ignitor Project (F. Pegoraro). The Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Approach to Fusion Power (G.H. Miley). The D3He Dipole Fusion Reactor (M.E. Mauel). OpenEnded Magnetic Confinement Systems for Fusion (R.F. Post, D.D. Ryutov). Formation, Compression, and Acceleration of Magnetized Plasmas (J.H. Degnan). Prospects of Magnetic Electrostatic Plasma Confinement (T.J. Dolan). Analysis of the Fusion Breakeven Conditions for DT Plasmas of Prescribed Temperature Evolution (E. Panarella). Section III: Progress in Inertial Fusion Research (C. Yamanaka). HeavyIon Driven Inertial Fusion Energy (R.O. Bangerter, T.J. Fessenden). XRay Driven Implosions on the Nova Laser (J.D. Kilkenny et al.). Present Status and Future Prospects of Laser Fusion Research at Osaka (C. Yamanaka). Magnetized Target Fusion: An Overview of the Concept (R.C. Kirkpatrick, M.A. Sweeney). Thermonuclear Fusion in a Staged Pinch (H.U. Rahman et al.). Novel Staged ZPinch Concept as a Super Radiant XRay Source for ICF (V.M. Bystritskii et al.). Section IV: Fusion, the Competition, and the Prospects for Alternative Fusion Concepts (L.J. Perkins et al.). Ideas for Future RFP Experiments (J.A. Phillips et al.). Dense ZPinches for Fusion (D. Scudder, J. Shlachter). Assessment of FieldReversedConfiguration Stability (R.E. Siemon). MuonCatalyzed Fusion in 1996 (S.E. Jones). Experimental Investigation of the Muon Catalyzed Fusion in Mixtures of Hydrogen Isotopes (V.M. Bystritsky). Magnetoelectric Toroidal Confinement (J.R. Roth). Ball Lightning: What Nature is Trying to Tell the Fusion Community (J.R. Roth). Fusion Implications of FreeFloating Plasmak(R) Magnetoplasmoids (P.M. Koloc). Section V: Alternate Fusion Concepts (N. Rostoker). Inertial Fusion Driven by Intense Cluster Ion Beams (C. Deutsch). Inertial Fusion Energy: An Approach to Low Maintenance and Cost of Electricity, and the Role of the National Ignition Facility Testing the Target Physics (B.G. Logan). Magnetized Target Fusion: An Ultrahigh Energy Approach in an Unexplored Parameter Space (R.C. Kirkpatrick et al.). Section VI: Concluding Remarks (E. Panarella). Section VII: Report of the Evaluators (E.C. Creutz et al.). Index.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - These are exciting times for exobiology. The ubiquity of organic molecules in interstellar clouds, comets and asteroids strongly supports a cosmic perspective on the origin of life. Data from both ground-based telescopes and the recently launched Infrared Space Observatory are providing new insight into the complexity of carbon-based chemistry beyond the Earth. Meteorites give us solid evidence for extraterrestrial amino acids, and putative fossil evidence for life in a 3.6 billion-year-old Martian meteorite hints that life in our system might not be the sole prerogative of the Earth. Giant planets have now been discovered orbiting other stars, and although such planets seem unlikely to be habitable themselves, their existence strongly suggests what many astronomers have long believed - that planetary systems are commonplace. All these topics are reviewed in this volume by active researchers. The level is appropriate for graduate students in astronomy, biology, chemistry, earth sciences, physics, and related disciplines. It will also provide a valuable source of reference for active researchers in these fields.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Nowadays algebra is understood basically as the general theory of algebraic oper ations and relations. It is characterised by a considerable intrinsic naturalness of its initial notions and problems, the unity of its methods, and a breadth that far exceeds that of its basic concepts. It is more often that its power begins to be displayed when one moves outside its own limits. This characteristic ability is seen when one investigates not only complete operations, but partial operations. To a considerable extent these are related to algebraic operators and algebraic operations. The tendency to ever greater generality is amongst the reasons that playa role in explaining this development. But other important reasons play an even greater role. Within this same theory of total operations (that is, operations defined everywhere), there persistently arises in its different sections a necessity of examining the emergent feature of various partial operations. It is particularly important that this has been found in those parts of algebra it brings together and other areas of mathematics it interacts with as well as where algebra finds applica tion at the very limits of mathematics. In this connection we mention the theory of the composition of mappings, category theory, the theory of formal languages and the related theory of mathematical linguistics, coding theory, information theory, and algebraic automata theory. In all these areas (as well as in others) from time to time there arises the need to consider one or another partial operation.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book consists of a significant and valuable reappraisal of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit by a number of outstanding, international Hegel scholars. Key questions and issues are discussed. No other book on the Phenomenology brings together penetrating articles by renowned Hegel scholars, and no previous book has included responses to articles by equally celebrated scholars. The result is that this book is unique in providing a wealth of insights into the Phenomenology of Spirit from a variety of perspectives. Among the crucial issues of interpretation which are tackled in this book are Hegel's concept of truth (the focus of Professor H.S. Harris's incisive opening article), the relationship between the Phenomenology and Hegel's system (discussed by Professor Rüdiger Bubner), the master-slave dialectic, the unhappy consciousness and conscience. Experienced Hegel scholars and students new to Hegel will benefit from the format of the book in which distinguished scholars comment upon the key and contentious aspects of the main articles. Crucial issues of interpretation are highlighted clearly.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Zinc has an important role in human physiology due to its involvement in numerous enzymatic reactions and its other functions as part of hormones and structural proteins. As a consequence a wide variety of symptoms may occur in different states of zinc deficiency. Several diseases of the digestive tract can lead to zinc deficiency and consequently to deficiency symptoms. This book, the proceedings of an International Falk Workshop held in Freiburg, Germany, on 27 October 1996, aims at a dialogue between basic researchers and gastroenterologists in order to improve the understanding of the role of zinc in disorders of the digestive tract. Based on lectures on the role of zinc in cell biology, the pathophysiology of zinc deficiency and consequently the possibilities of zinc substitution in these disorders is discussed. It is hoped that this book will initiate fruitful discussions and collaborations leading to a better knowledge of the role of this trace element in gastroenterology.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The primary aim for this book is to gather and collate articles which represent the best and latest thinking in the domain of technology transfer, from research, academia and practice around the world. We envisage that the book will, as a result of this, represent an important source of knowledge in this domain to students (undergraduate and postgraduate), researchers, practitioners and consultants, chiefly in the software engineering and IT/industries, but also in management and other organisational and social disciplines. An important aspect of the book is the role that reflective practitioners (and not just academics) play. They will be involved in the production, and evaluation of contributions, as well as in the design and delivery of conference events, upon which of course, the book will be based.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - As of today, Evolutionary Computing and Fuzzy Set Computing are two mature, wen -developed, and higbly advanced technologies of information processing. Bach of them has its own clearly defined research agenda, specific goals to be achieved, and a wen setUed algorithmic environment. Concisely speaking, Evolutionary Computing (EC) is aimed at a coherent population -oriented methodology of structural and parametric optimization of a diversity of systems. In addition to this broad spectrum of such optimization applications, this paradigm otTers an important ability to cope with realistic goals and design objectives reflected in the form of relevant fitness functions. The GA search (which is often regarded as a dominant domain among other techniques of EC such as evolutionary strategies, genetic programming or evolutionary programming) delivers a great deal of efficiency helping navigate through large search spaces. The main thrust of fuzzy sets is in representing and managing nonnumeric (linguistic) information. The key notion (whose conceptual as weH as algorithmic importance has started to increase in the recent years) is that of information granularity. It somewhat concurs with the principle of incompatibility coined by L. A. Zadeh. Fuzzy sets form a vehic1e helpful in expressing a granular character of information to be captured. Once quantified via fuzzy sets or fuzzy relations, the domain knowledge could be used efficiently very often reducing a heavy computation burden when analyzing and optimizing complex systems.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - It has been almost 15 years since the fIrst reports appeared indicating that adenosine exerted a .protective effect in ischemic and reperfused myocardium. Numerous experimental studies have shown that adenosine (both exogenous and endogenous adenosine) delays the onset of ischemic contracture, modulates myocardial metabolism during ischemia, attenuates reversible postischemic ventricular dysfunction (myocardial stunning), and reduces myocardial infarct size. Initial studies on adenosine's cardioprotective effect were based on its ability to stimulate postischemic ATP resynthesis, increase coronary blood flow, and reduce heart rate. Although these actions of adenosine are undoubtedly benefIcial to the ischemic/reperfused heart, it now appears that adenosine's cardioprotective effect may be exclusive of these properties. The immense growth in the number of articles on adenosine cardioprotection in the last several years has been related in large part to the hypothesis that adenosine plays a role in ischemic preconditioning. Ischemic preconditioning is the phenomenon in which a brief period of ischemia (and reperfusion) prior to a more prolonged occlusion reduces myocardial infarct size. This form of myocardial protection has received much interest because ischemic preconditioning has been shown to be the most potent means of reducing infarct size in all animal models thus far tested. In fact prior to studies implicating adenosine's role in ischemic preconditioning, adenosine's infarct reducing effect was not well recognized.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Reasoning in Boolean Networks provides a detailed treatment of recent research advances in algorithmic techniques for logic synthesis, test generation and formal verification of digital circuits. The book presents the central idea of approaching design automation problems for logic-level circuits by specific Boolean reasoning techniques. While Boolean reasoning techniques have been a central element of two-level circuit theory for many decades Reasoning in Boolean Networks describes a basic reasoning methodology for multi-level circuits. This leads to a unified view on two-level and multi-level logic synthesis. The presented reasoning techniques are applied to various CAD-problems to demonstrate their usefulness for today's industrially relevant problems. Reasoning in Boolean Networks provides lucid descriptions of basic algorithmic concepts in automatic test pattern generation, logic synthesis and verification and elaborates their intimate relationship to provide further intuition and insight into the subject. Numerous examples are provide for ease in understanding the material. Reasoning in Boolean Networks is intended for researchers in logic synthesis, VLSI testing and formal verification as well as for integrated circuit designers who want to enhance their understanding of basic CAD methodologies.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Autonomous agents or multiagent systems are computational systems in which several computational agents interact or work together to perform some set of tasks. These systems may involve computational agents having common goals or distinct goals. Real-Time Search for Learning Autonomous Agents focuses on extending real-time search algorithms for autonomous agents and for a multiagent world. Although real-time search provides an attractive framework for resource-bounded problem solving, the behavior of the problem solver is not rational enough for autonomous agents. The problem solver always keeps the record of its moves and the problem solver cannot utilize and improve previous experiments. Other problems are that although the algorithms interleave planning and execution, they cannot be directly applied to a multiagent world. The problem solver cannot adapt to the dynamically changing goals and the problem solver cannot cooperatively solve problems with other problem solvers. This book deals with all these issues. Real-Time Search for Learning Autonomous Agents serves as an excellent resource for researchers and engineers interested in both practical references and some theoretical basis for agent/multiagent systems. The book can also be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Human Face Recognition Using Third-Order Synthetic Neural Networks explores the viability of the application of High-order synthetic neural network technology to transformation-invariant recognition of complex visual patterns. High-order networks require little training data (hence, short training times) and have been used to perform transformation-invariant recognition of relatively simple visual patterns, achieving very high recognition rates. The successful results of these methods provided inspiration to address more practical problems which have grayscale as opposed to binary patterns (e.g., alphanumeric characters, aircraft silhouettes) and are also more complex in nature as opposed to purely edge-extracted images - human face recognition is such a problem. Human Face Recognition Using Third-Order Synthetic Neural Networks serves as an excellent reference for researchers and professionals working on applying neural network technology to the recognition of complex visual patterns.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - According to market analysts, the market for consumer electronics will con tinue to grow at a rate higher than that of electronic systems in general. The consumer market can be characterized by rapidly growing complexities of appli cations and a rather short market window. As a result, more and more complex designs have to be completed in shrinking time frames. A key concept for coping with such stringent requirements is re-use. Since the re-use of completely fixed large hardware blocks is limited to subproblems of system-level applications (for example MPEG-2), flexible, programmable pro cessors are being used as building blocks for more and more designs. Processors provide a unique combination offeatures: they provide flexibility and re-use. The processors used in consumer electronics are, however, in many cases dif ferent from those that are used for screen and keyboard-based equipment, such as PCs. For the consumer market in particular, efficiency of the product plays a dominating role. Hence, processor architectures for these applications are usually highly-optimized and tailored towards a certain application domain.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This volume brings together and expands on a body of research that I began in the early 1960s and have continued up to the present. It deals mainly with shiftwork-work that is performed during other than normal daytime hours. Shiftwork is a characteristic of economic life in the United States and abroad that has increased in importance over the years; according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, one out of five full-time and part-time employees in the United States works on shifts. My interest in this field concerns fixed capital, specifically, changes in weekly hours worked by capital over long periods of time, and the signifi cance of those changes in the measurement oflong-run productivity change. In studies of growth, the measurement of capital input-by capital stocks or the services yielded by those stocks-typically makes no allowance for the changing hours worked by capital. Capital services are assumed to be propor tional to the stocks. Consequently, in analyses of output growth in a growth accounting framework, the effect of longer capital hours is a component of multifactor or total factor productivity growth.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Chemical modification of polymers by reactive modifiers is no longer an academic curiosity but a commercial reality that has delivered a diverse range of speciality materials for niche markets: reactively grafted styrenic alloys, maleated polyolefins, super-tough nylons, silane modified and moisture-cured polyolefins, and thermoplastic elastomers, are but few exam ples of commercial successes. Although the approach of reactive modification of polymers has been largely achieved either in solution or in the solid state (through in situ reactions in polymer melts), it is the latter route that has attracted most attention in the last two decades owing to its flexibility and cost-effective ness. This route, referred to as reactive processing, focuses on the use of suitable reactive modifier(s) and the adoption of conventional polymer processing machinery, an extruder or a mixer, as a chemical reactor, to perform in situ targeted reactions for chemical modification of preformed polymers. This relatively simple, though scientifically highly challenging, approach to reactive modification offers unique opportunities in exploiting various reactive modifiers for the purpose of altering and transforming in a controlled manner the properties of preformed commercial polymers into new/speciality materials with tailor-made properties and custom-designed performance for target applications. Such an economically attractive route constitutes a radical diversion away from the traditional practices of manufacturing new polymers from monomers which involves massive in vestments in sophisticated technologies and chemical plants.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book presents the leading edge in several related fields, specifically object orientated programming, open distributed systems and formal methods for object oriented systems. With increased support within industry regarding these areas, this book captures the most up-to-date information on the subject. Many topics are discussed, including the following important areas: object oriented design and programming; formal specification of distributed systems; open distributed platforms; types, interfaces and behaviour; formalisation of object oriented methods.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The presentation and interpretation of visual information is essential to almost every activity in human life andmost endeavors of modern technology. This book examines the current status of what is known (and not known) about human vision, how human observers interpret visual data, and how to present such data to facilitate their interpretation and use. Written by experts who are able to cross disciplinary boundaries, the book provides an educational pathway through several models of human vision; describes how the visual response is analyzed and quantified; presents current theories of how the human visual response is interpreted; discusses the cognitive responses of human observers; and examines such applications as space exploration, manufacturing, surveillance, earth and air sciences, and medicine. The book is intended for everyone with an undergraduate-level background in science or engineering with an interest in visual science. This second edition has been brought up to date throughout and contains a new chapter on 'Virtual reality and augmented reality in medicine.'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This volume consitutes a summary of several years' multi-disciplinary research by a group of Swedish researchers. The project 'Sweden's Technological Systems and Future Development Potential' was initiated by the Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK) and has been carried out at the Department of Industrial Management and Economics at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, the Research Policy Institute at the University of Lund, the Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research (lUI) in Stockholm, and the Department of Industrial Economics and Management at the Royal Insitute of Technology, Stockholm, under the direction of Bo Carlsson, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. The project group decided early on to focus fIrst on the technological system for factory automation - a relatively mature system of great importance to Swedish industry and in which Sweden has reached a leading position internationally - and then to shift the attention to other systems in various stages of development and with varying Swedish strength. The work on factory automation resulted in numerous papers and publications, summarized in a volume published in 1995 (Technological Systems and Economic Performance: The Case of Factory Automation, ed. Bo Carlsson. Dordrecht.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - New to the Second Edition: offers the latest developments in standards activities (JPEG-LS, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, and H.263) provides a comprehensive review of recent activities on multimedia enhanced processors, multimedia coprocessors, and dedicated processors, including examples from industry. Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures, Second Edition presents an introduction to the algorithms and architectures that form the underpinnings of the image and video compressions standards, including JPEG (compression of still-images), H.261 and H.263 (video teleconferencing), and MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 (video storage and broadcasting). The next generation of audiovisual coding standards, such as MPEG-4 and MPEG-7, are also briefly described. In addition, the book covers the MPEG and Dolby AC-3 audio coding standards and emerging techniques for image and video compression, such as those based on wavelets and vector quantization. Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures, Second Edition emphasizes the foundations of these standards; namely, techniques such as predictive coding, transform-based coding such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT), motion estimation, motion compensation, and entropy coding, as well as how they are applied in the standards. The implementation details of each standard are avoided; however, the book provides all the material necessary to understand the workings of each of the compression standards, including information that can be used by the reader to evaluate the efficiency of various software and hardware implementations conforming to these standards. Particular emphasis is placed on those algorithms and architectures that have been found to be useful in practical software or hardware implementations. Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures,Second Edition uniquely covers all major standards (JPEG, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.261, H.263) in a simple and tutorial manner, while fully addressing the architectural considerations involved when implementing these standards. As such, it serves as a valuable reference for the graduate student, researcher or engineer. The book is also used frequently as a text for courses on the subject, in both academic and professional settings.