lap lambert academic publishing nov 2010 (765 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Compared to their parents¿ times, the children of today have access to a much broader range of media outlets and technological tools. In such an environment, they are creating their own realities by being in constant contact with the media. In order to be able to access, analyze, interpret and produce the complex forms of media texts in the 21st century, the citizens of today need to develop multiple skills and competencies, including media literacy. This research, aimed at analyzing the K-12 curriculum documents of the three pioneering countries in media literacy namely, Australia, Canada, and Britain, in addition to the leading theories developed in this field, gives the first example of an international comparative analysis to find the problematic aspects in the Turkish curriculum and offer proposals for change. This research should be especially useful to professionals and academics doing research in this field as well as teachers and administrators of the media literacy programs in the world.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book assesses whether or not microcredit programs of FINCA International are empowering women clients and their households in Malawi and Zambia. The study set out to determine if any major changes, partial changes or no changes have occurred on women clients and their households, businesses and communities, because of clients'' participation in FINCA program. Study participants were women clients under the Village Bank and Loan Officers. This book argues that the FINCA microcredit program has enabled women clients attain some important levels of empowerment, and improve their wellbeing. The program has also benefited clients'' households, businesses, and communities. However, some clients have not benefited much from this program. It also argues that the FINCA program has not enabled women clients attain other levels of empowerment, due, in part, to its shortcomings, and challenges it is facing. It further contends that differing program impacts exist among clients, households and businesses; but beneficiary communities have benefited similarly. It also unravels the workings of the current stiff competition and scramble for clients among MFIs in Malawi and Zambia.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Over the last few years it seems that the tendency in international relations leads to regionalization. With the European Union as the champion of Integration, other projects and blocs of regional integration have emerged. Of all these projects, it is that of MERCOSUR that has taken on the most ambitious and far reaching goals, coming closer than any other to the European integration experience. The Southern bloc intends to create a common market, while controlling or regulating many spheres of the former exclusive domains of the Nation State such as cultural and economical aspects. On the other hand, some experts assure that the integration process in MERCOSUR is submerged in a political crisis that is leading to its decline. Many advocate for the need to reshape its institutional design to keep it from falling apart. This book procures to shed light on the integration process of MERCOSUR. Its goal is to determine whether the conditions given in MERCOSUR correspond to those needed to make the European project of integration advance to its current status quo. That is, whether the European model of integration can in fact be 'exported' and applied to this context.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The study evaluates the impact of rape on the health status and the social life of the rape victims from the Rwandan Genocide. Focusing on a total of 50 victims supported by Avega the study describes types of rape experienced by women, assesses the physical, psychological and social consequences on the survivors, the efforts made by AVEGA to assist and reintegrate victims of rape into society and finally recommends additional ways to help the rape victims to cope with their present predicament. The study finds out that the health status of almost all respondents is affected by rape: HIV/AIDS, physical disability, a lack of education and unemployment has seriously affected their lives. Poverty, disconnection from their most intimate, a profound loss of identity and social rejection characterize most of the victims. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is common in rape-affected communities. The victims are often not able to cope with their present life situation. The research concludes that the rape victims should be considered for medical and financial assistance according to their individual needs, including free and available access to treatment for HIV/AIDS and other diseases.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Mikhail Gorbachev''s visions of a reformulated Soviet Union encompassing glasnost, perestroika and The New Thinking after the abrupt departure of the ailing Konstantin Chernenko revolutionized Soviet foreign policy and the CPSU as well. Though mentored by the infamous Yuri Andropov, Gorbachev was not a product of the Great Patriotic War but rather a new-age Russian technocrat who realized that the experiment of the CPSU was coming to a close. He could not anticipate that he would unleash a dynamic torrent of unintended consequences that would cause the implosion of the entire Soviet Union and its satellite system transforming the Russian experiment in socialism to a new phase of experimental engagement with western-style democracy. Students of the political dynamics of the Russian empire will observe the evolutionary nature of the transition that the visionary Gorbachev precipitated. Historians and comparative political scientists will understand the gravity and important implications that this dramatic twist in Russian political history has wrought and the continued dramatic changes in store for the Medvedev-Putin siloviki administration in the current nationalized Russian state.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book begins with a look at the evolution of Malawi Prison Service since the British colonial rule. It then focuses on human rights situation in prisons from independence (1964) through one party rule to multi-party dispensation (1994 to 2005). The book argues that during the one party era prisoners were subjected to torture, brutal treatments, or even killed. Female prisoners suffered sexual abuse and rape, some of which resulted in pregnancies. The book further argues that although some scholars brand a period from 1964 to 1994 with negativity, they fail to recognize that essential needs of prisoners were met, because they concentrated their work on political prisoners and not the general prison population. The book also argues that stakeholders in ¿prison reform'' during multiparty era have concentrated their efforts on civic educating inmates on their rights, encouraging prison officers to observe human rights, and offering paralegal services, while ignoring very important areas such as provision of accommodation, food and health care, which also constitute rights of prisoners. The prison is also yet to fully change from being a punitive centre to a reformatory institution.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The aim of this book is to compare the portrayal of the British Royal Family in the media and those in the film- making industry. The author is interested in the twentieth century and the present. The attention focuses on several members of the Royal Family and events which have been reported by film makers. After the introductory chapter, there is the chapter including facts such as the list of British rulers of the twentieth century, a period of their reign, their interest mainly in a political domain as well as information about their family lives. In the next chapters, the author concentrates on the comparison. Each chapter is subdivided into several subcategories. Each of them is devoted to a particular member of the Royal Family or to events significant for them. At the end of each chapter, there is a summary of results of the comparisons.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Energy security in Europe is one of the most important issues for sustainable development. Having no or only limited energy resources, most European countries are in need of oil and natural gas supplies. However, heavy demand for natural gas from Russia makes the majority of EU Member States absolutely dependent on Russian gas. This sometimes brings unfavorable consequences and drives the EU to search for such alternative sources as Central Asia. This book contains three interconnected chapters which study the partnership between the EU, Russia, and Central Asia and analyzes future perspectives for cooperation especially in the field of natural gas supply. Furthermore, the book reveals the benefits and obstacles deriving from the interests of each, thus creating a picture of possible collaboration between them. Besides, the author use clear, plain language so as to help the reader better understand the matter.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The current situation of dispossession of the Ogiek from their land in Mau Forest, Kenya is the result of the adoption of the State¿s land and other policies that are similar to those adopted by the colonialist more than a century ago. In response the Ogiek have instituted several cases through the Kenya courts in an effort to once again access their ancestral lands. Not only has the Kenya government introduced land policies that have greatly affected the way of life of the Ogiek, it has also failed to meet its obligations at the national and international level in response to protecting the human rights of indigenous people. In light of this, this paper attempts to demonstrate analytically how some historical and modern socio-political dynamics have continued to systematically deprive the Ogiek of their land and to assess the extent to which the platform on indigenous rights has helped them in their struggle for their land.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Retailers face increasing cost pressures and shorter product life cycles which often results in products becoming obsolete within a few months after their introduction. Meeting ever-changing customer demand in retailing creates difficulties for the retailers in balancing the costs of dealing with excess inventory and out-of-stock situations. However, Postponement helps retailers by improving responsiveness and reducing inventory, transport, warehousing and obsolescence costs to meet the ever changing customer needs. This Book has a clear set of postponement strategies that could be helpful for all retailing industries that have problems of high obsolescence cost, responsiveness and meeting customer needs. The Book with a qualitative case study of Swedish Electronic retailer, SIBA, has proposed possible solutions related to postponement difficulties that the retailing industry is experiencing. Morover, the book can also be used as a guide for administrators, academic institutions, individual researchers, logistics and supply chain managers or other groups who are looking solution meeting an ever changing customer demand.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This study theorizes on the concept of the women''s leisure and examines the situation of the urban working women in Dhaka-Bangladesh. Based on the qualitative approach,this study presents the leisure scenario of the white-collar working women of Bangladesh. The major findings of this research are very similar to other situations prevailing all over the world. The working women have less time for their leisure activities. The women with children face more time constraints than their unmarried counterparts. Though the unmarried working women have no marital obligation but in most cases they are subjected to the obligations of the parental family. In very rare cases,ideal leisure situations are found. A number of socio-economic factors make the situation more complicated. Watching TV, listening to music, reading, visiting friends are viewed as the most common forms of leisure activity for the working women.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Organization of the book : The contained chapters in this book demonstrate how empowerment can be a comprehensive strategy in resisting domestic violence against women of rural communities in Bangladesh. Chapter One focuses on the underlying concepts and the background of the study.It portrays the existing literature regarding the working title. Chapter Two has been arranged by the methodological framework and provides a scope to the readers how qualitative approach has been used here.It also encompasses the sample size according the objective of the study. Chapter Three shows the existing scenario of domestic violence in the studied arena. Chapter Five deals with the existing process of empowerment and cites the roles of local institutions. Chapter Six is concerned to the dimensional contribution of the different patterns of stakeholders in Combating the aspect of domestic violence in the studied arena. At the end of the day I have tried my level best to mention the conclusion as well as my recommendations in 7th Chapter.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Customer satisfaction has become an essence of success in today''s highly competitive world. In service industry specifically, communication is vital to determine customer satisfaction. Past researches indicated that, most meaning of conversational messages comes from non-verbal communication. Therefore, this study intended to examine the relationship of non-verbal communication cues to customer satisfaction. A total of 210 hotel customers were sampled.They were evaluated on their perception on hotel employees'' non-verbal communication behavior that would lead to their satisfaction to the services provided. The results illustrate that three (interpersonal warmth, attire and proxemics) of the non-verbal communication cues were significant and positively related to customer satisfaction. Proxemics was rated as the non-verbal communication cues that provided the most impact on customer satisfaction.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 92 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This piece of work try address the volatility impacts on export through an extenvsive analysis. The econometric analysis was employed to exploit the theory of cointegration, given the obvious non- stationarity of the time series. The study used Engle-Granger two step procedures. Three measures of exchange rate volatilities were used and produced mixed results. The mean adjusted relative change (V) as a measure of exchange rate volatility indicated positive and insignificant impact on real exports of Namibia. The moving average standard deviation (MASD) as a measure of exchange rate volatility produced a negative insignificant impact of exchange rate volatility on real exports of Namibia. The last measure of exchange rate volatility was the general autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH), which indicated a positive and significant impact of exchange rate volatility on Namibia''s real exports. These results suggest that Namibia should start exploring possibility of macro-economic policy independence and be involved in the determination of exchange rate within the CMA framework.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Education is a fundamental human right. Attaining the right to equality of education is not only having equal opportunity to access and complete education, but also having equal opportunities to receive equal quality of education, which ensures opportunities for every pupil to maximize their educational potential. The current education system in Croatia produces barriers in achieving the right to equality education for the Roma children. It is failing to incorporate learning programs on diversity, intercultural values and respect for human rights for all pupils. This system acts to institutionalize widely established discrimination and social exclusion against the Roma in Croatia. In order to combat social exclusion inside and outside the education system, the book advocates for the implementation of equality and inclusive education. This alternate system of education aims to promote programs that encourage intercultural values and incorporate diversity of children¿s backgrounds in such way that responds to the needs of each child to attain equality of education, including the Roma children.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In this work, I have attempted to trace and define the Queer identities in South Asia. I have chiefly looked at Shyam Selvadurai''s novel Swimming in the Monsoon sea, Deepa Mehta''s film Fire and selected writings from Hoshang Merchant''s anthology on gay writings in India- Yaarana which include R Raj Rao''s poem ¿Bomgay'', Namdeo Dhasal''s poem ¿Gandu Bagicha'' and Ashok Row Kavi''s autobiographical short story ¿Contract of Silence ''. The chief questions I investigated are - How the concept of sexuality changed with colonial influence. What contribution has representation of Queer people in South Asian texts (film and literary) impacted on the larger sociological framework instituting the acceptance of queer desires and its conflict with the inescapability of heterosexuality. How these texts have brought out the Queer issue and added value to the sexual propaganda, understanding queer sexuality and acting as a movement and lastly how it has redrawn gender and sexual identities and its narrative of male and female sexual desire in this Queer space Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 60 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book attempts to analyse the compliance of Nepalese juvenile justice system against the international standards set by ¿hard¿ or ¿soft¿ law or juvenile justice ¿specific¿ or ¿general¿ international human rights instruments. The analysis is based on the Child Rights-Based Approaches (CRBAs), general principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC) in general and principle of ¿the best interests of the child¿ in particular and the principle of ¿state obligation¿ have been used. Primary as well relevant secondary data have been used for the purpose of analysis. The book concludes ¿Nepal has taken some good initiatives to establish a separate juvenile justice system to handle cases of the children in conflict with the law but it needs significant reforms to establish a comprehensive juvenile justice system in comply with the international standard and make to serve the best interest of the child¿. Finally, recommendations have been made to strengthen the juvenile justice system in Nepal.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Given the magnitude of change which both the EU and the new Member States will have to cope with, the present work captures those aspects considered to be of major importance in the study of post-accession process, namely the political and legal. Using qualitative analysis and quantitative one, this paper addresses the key areas for the post- accession Romanian state, by dividing the analysis into three main parts: the political parties, the national minorities and the evolution of reforms after 2007. The paper is structured in 6 chapters, which in turn contain several subchapters. The aim of this book was to highlight the status of Romania in the European Union as a state from Central and Eastern Europe that was part of the last wave accession from January 1, 2007, and has relations with the European Union since the ¿70s (the 1967 European Agreement on technical and sanitary standards for food products).Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Like most other developing countries, poverty remains one of the biggest problems of Uganda. To overcome the poverty problem; the Government of Uganda has come up with numerous strategies. One of the strategies is the Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) which is a comprehensive poverty reduction strategy based on a number of pillars. One of its pillars aims at reducing poverty through availing micro credit and enhancing microfinance outreach. To realize this, the government of Uganda has provided policy support to Microfinance institutions (MFIs). As a result the microfinance sector has grown tremendous over the past years. The study aimed at investigating the contribution of the complementary services in micro credit outreach. SOCADIDO a non government development organization was selected as a case study. Data used in the study comprised of secondary and primary data. Secondary data was obtained from the available books, reports and internet sources while primary data was obtained using questionnaires and interviews. To analyse the data, the integrated approach was used. Findings indicated positive impacts.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This study explores, describes and analyzes the various characteristics of interproject learning mechanisms and project competencies found in a sample of consulting firms in Sweden. The study focuses on the perceived importance of different interproject learning mechanisms and their perceived impact in developing project competencies in consulting firms. The study interrogates the ¿perceptions'' of ¿key'' informed project management practitioners, who have experience of managing projects. Their perceptions about project activities in their respective firms helped capture a ¿managerial'' and provide an ¿expert'' view. The study find that the most highly ranked and valued interproject learning mechanisms involved some degree of face-to-face interactions. Learning mechanisms that enable the capture, storage and transfer of explicit knowledge, though important, were not ranked highly in importance as person-to- person communication. The difference might be due to the efficient way the latter mechanisms have in transferring socially embedded and context-dependant tacit knowledge, which comprise a large part of knowledge applied in projects.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The book is about Real Estate investment principles. The principals are based on fundamental corporation finance theory. Explanation is given on how the theory is applicable to Real Estate investment. The Book also explains simple models for the quantitative analysis and appraisal of Real Estate investment. The book covers the key elements of Real Estate investment; environment, economics, markets, valuation, appraisal, finance, risk and asset management.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 56 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The present research deals with the legal dimensions concerning the supply security of natural gas, relying on the existing political and economic environment.The research provides a legal analysis of the currently existing international and European Union legislation, as well as other effective measures aimed at ensuring ¿the security of natural gas supply''.It argues that the current legally binding provisions regulating the security of natural gas supply in relations between the EU and Russia are not sufficient and effective enough to ensure stable and undisrupted supply.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book gives a vivid picture of the intertwined epidemics of HIV/AIDS and intravenous drug use (IVDUs) in India. You will see a snapshot of the author''s doctoral research project which is a pioneering study providing us concrete data on the HIV status, nutritional well-being and quality of life (QOL) of IVDUs in India. ¿Nutritional care'' is a neglected component in the treatment of IVDUs in India; but, not anymore after the pioneering work of the author''s research and intervention from 2004-2009. The Nutrition Care Plan (NCP) developed as a by-product of the study is expounded in this book. This care plan is highly recommended for integration in drug rehabilitation programs and health-care systems. It is vital to provide medical-nutrition therapy to the IVDU population. This book is a trustworthy guide to research scholars, nutritionists, physicians, social workers, policy makers, allied health-care workers, other home-based care providers and substance abusers.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Much of current biofuel production risks tying energy supply into highly unsustainable agricultural practices. NGO groupings such as Biofuelwatch et al (2007) also detail human rights abuses associated with the cultivation of biofuel feedstocks.Opposing claims are made with respect to Jatropha, which is being touted not only for large scale plantations for biodiesel that avoid the present problems surrounding the biofuel cultivation, but also for the economic development of poorer farmers in the tropics and sub-tropics. Given these conflicting claims (which may well relate to site-specific circumstances) and the need for impartial information, this study is intended to provide an independent account of stakeholder views of jatropha cultivation in in Northern and Southern India.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Can auction- and multiple bid targets be identified in the field of M&A This empirical study employs a binary logit model to identify the characteristics of companies that have been acquired facing a single bid or facing multiple bids from different bidders in the US during the period 2004-2009. The research extends the present research by looking at the differences in characteristics between acquired companies instead of investigating if the company will be acquired or not. The results reveal that companies that experience multiple bids have significantly different values regarding the EBIT margin, sales turnover and market to book ratio. Besides the characteristics of the companies, the premium paid and several control variables have been addressed. The findings suggest that companies that face multiple bids tend to have different characteristics however these results have to be placed in perspective in order to make correct judgments. Finally the findings have been related to the existing takeover prediction literature.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 60 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In this thesis we consider the problem of capital allocation, based on tail conditional expectation (TCE), for the class of the dependent multivariate family of distributions that essentially generalizes the classical multivariate Pareto distribution. This class can be obtained from independent exponential distributions, by a mixture of their common scale parameter. The distribution of mixture parameter belongs to the general class of distributions and, in particular, to the rich class of the exponential dispersion family (EDF). Special attention is paid to the important subclass of EDF, Tweedie family. We show that TCE-based portfolio allocation for the considered multivariate dependency structure can be represented by the tool of divided di¿erences, actually known in numerical analysis. The results are illustrated with examples of multivariate Pareto, Weibull, and other distributions.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Services Marketing: Empirical Issues, places marketing issues within a broader general management context. The present book includes in its wide spectrum all the five issues on services marketing: the influence of marketing orientation on firms' marketing competency; use of social, structural and financial relationship marketing programs in building customer-salesperson and customer-firm relationships; and the importance of service quality in bank selection for mortgage loans. Examining the response of female fashion shoppers towards the mall atmosphere; and the effects social cues in the store environment on store image are also presented in this book whom act as empirical issues of highlights by marketers and managers. The chapters presented lay out the building blocks for studying services and understanding how consumers behave in a services context. Hence, this book grants substantial deliberation on information concerning to services marketing issues in Malaysia. This book may be used for support material for courses in either services marketing or service management.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The Share of Private investment in Gross Domestic Product of a country shows its role in the economy by creating employment opportunity, higher income and increased foreign currency earnings.This paper has used the neoclassical growth framework to see relationship among various economic growth factors in Ethiopian context employing co-integrated vector autoregressive model .Results suggest that both private and public investment contributed positively to economic growth for the period under study.Moreover,the impact of private investment for real growth has been greater than that of the public sector investment.Public sector investment also has complementarity with the private capital formation,implying that crowding in impact of public investment on the private investment.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Several theories and approaches have been advanced as addressing chronic poverty in the third world today. Human capital development is one such approach. This book entitled ¿Human Capital Development and economic growth in Ugandä provides an analysis using a time series technique the link between education expenditure to human capital development and consequently to economic growth in Uganda. It traces the Human Capital Accumulation theory, its limitations and use. The book examines the various economic growth trends in Uganda and their net effect on economic growth and further isolates the effects of human capital accumulation on economic growth in Uganda over the period 1962 - 2002.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The paper recognizes the trivial participation of African countries in the Dispute Settlement System (DSS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). One of the main factors contributing to this state of affairs is identified as the absence of a platform for stakeholders to participate in consultation with their government(s). It is argued that such a platform will allow the members states to make an informed decision on whether it is in the national interest to be a party to the initiation of a dispute before the Dispute settlement body (DSB) or to join as a party to such a dispute, either as complainant or respondent. The paper identifies the advantages/benefits which may be derived from participating in the DSS, especially with stakeholders input in the process before, during and after the dispute cycle. From the analysis practical processes are suggested which can enhance active participation of various stakeholders in developing countries, with an emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper concludes by suggesting a suitable legal framework for stakeholders to utilize and participate in the initiation of trade disputes where their interests are threatened or adversely affected.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.