velocity light (6 Ergebnisse)

(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1708). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from "Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences". Année 1707. Pp. 25-32. A small tear to inner margins. First printing of one of Maraldi's more theoretical memoirs in which he defended the point of view of Cassini I, opposing the hypothesis of the finite velocity of light, conceived by Ole Römer to account for certain irregularities in the movement of Jupiter?s satellites.

Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1867. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine with gilt lettering. A few scratches to binding. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff", Bd. 99. (Entire volume offered). (2),X,652 pp. and 4 folded engraved plates. Weber & Kohlrausch's paper:pp. 10-25. First appearance of this importent paper, the results of which Maxwell later used as a crucial support for his electromagnetical theory of light.".The velocity of light c were measured by W. Weber and R. Kohlrausch in 1855 (the paper offered). They used an electrometer to determine the charge of a condnsor in electrostatic units, and a ballistic galvanometer to measure the same charge in electrodynamic units. The resulting value for c was in good agreement with that obtained by Fizeau in 1849, and Maxwell accordingly felt entitled to identify light and electromagnetic vibrations. This conclusion recalls Newton's identification of gravity with universal attraction: it was not only because they obeyed the same formal law, but also because both led to the same mathematical results, that Newton saw fit to combine them."(Taton, Réne in "History of Sciencein The Nineteenth Century", p. 163).

Paris, Victor Masson, Imprimerie de Bachelier, 1859. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage and on verso of plates. In "Annales de Chimie et de Physique", 3me Series - Tome LVII. 512 pp. and 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Fizeau's paper: pp. 385-404. Some scattered brownspots. First printing of a highly importent paper in the history of physics, "It is less famous, for some reason, than the failure of Michelson and Morley to detect the aether drag, but NO LESS SIGNIFICANT. For it showed that the velocity of light increases in a medium according to the formula, v (1 - 1/n2), where v is the velocity of the medium, and n is the refractive index"(Gillespie in "The Edge of Objecticity" p. 427). Fizeau shows that the velocity of light is higher in water flowing in the direction of the beam than that of light propagating in the direction opposite the direction of flow. The paper offered is the full text of the research, there appeared an extract of it in Comptes Rendus in 1851. Albert Einstein later pointed out the IMPORTENCE OF THE EXPERIMENT FOR SPECIAL RELATIVITY.Fizeau's result was replicated by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in 1886 repeated the experiment on a larger scale and confirmed Fizeau's results., and in 1914 it was confirmed by Pieter Zeeman. It was Arago in 1838, who suggested this "crucial experiment" to decide between the corpuscular and undulatory theories of light by comparingthe speed of light in water and in air. It vindicated the undulatory position.It was shown by Hendrik Lorentz (1892, 1895) that the experiment can be explained by the reaction of the moving water upon the interfering waves without the need of any aether entrainment. On this occasion, Lorentz introduced a different time coordinate for moving bodies within the aether, the so called Local time (an early form of the Lorentz transformation for small velocities compared to the speed of light). In 1895, Lorentz went a step further and explained the coefficient by local time alone and without mentioning any interaction of light and matter.

Paris, Bachelier, 1851. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 33, No 13. With htitle and titlepage to tome 33. Pp. (329-) 360 (entire issue offered). Fizeau's paper: pp. 349-355. A stamp on upper right corner of title-page and a perforated stamp in lower margin of title-page. Clean and fine. First appearance of this paper, the first announcment of Fizeau's results of his experiments with the velocity of light."It (the paper) is less famous, for some reason, than the failure of Michelson and Morley to detect the aether drag, but NO LESS SIGNIFICANT. For it showed that the velocity of light increases in a medium according to the formula, v (1 - 1/n2), where v is the velocity of the medium, and n is the refractive index"(Gillespie in "The Edge of Objecticity" p. 427). Fizeau shows that the velocity of light is higher in water flowing in the direction of the beam than that of light propagating in the direction opposite the direction of flow. The paper offered is the shorter announcement of the research, the paper in full was published later in 1859 in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique". Albert Einstein later pointed out the IMPORTENCE OF THE EXPERIMENT FOR SPECIAL RELATIVITY.Fizeau's result was replicated by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in 1886 repeated the experiment on a larger scale and confirmed Fizeau's results., and in 1914 it was confirmed by Pieter Zeeman. It was Arago in 1838, who suggested this "crucial experiment" to decide between the corpuscular and undulatory theories of light by comparing the speed of light in water and in air. It vindicated the undulatory position.It was shown by Hendrik Lorentz (1892, 1895) that the experiment can be explained by the reaction of the moving water upon the interfering waves without the need of any aether entrainment. On this occasion, Lorentz introduced a different time coordinate for moving bodies within the aether, the so called Local time (an early form of the Lorentz transformation for small velocities compared to the speed of light). In 1895, Lorentz went a step further and explained the coefficient by local time alone and without mentioning any interaction of light and matter.

Paris, Mallet-Bachelier, 1862. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l?Académie des sciences", Vol. 55, No 12 a. 21. Pp. 481--519 a. pp. 781-803. (Entire issues offered). With title-page to vol. 55. Foucault's papers: pp. 501-503 a. pp. 792-796. Clean and fine. First printing of Foucault's famous experiments on the velocity of light with the description of his improved equipment, the rotating mirror. Foucault's method was later developed by Michelson and Morley in their famous experiment in 1887."Foucault?s first experiment, carried out in 1850 and written up in full in his doctoral thesis of 1853, was purely comparative" he announced no numerical values until 1862. Then, with an improved apparatus, he was able to measure precisely the velocity of light in air. This result, significantly smaller than Fizeau?s of 1849, changed the accepted value of solar parallax and vindicated the higher value which Le Verrier had calculated from astronomical data. Foucault?s turning-mirror apparatus was the basis for the later determinations of the velocity of light by A. A. Michelson and Simon Newcomb."(DSB).Leon Foucault, used a similar method to Fizeau. He shone a light to a rotating mirror, then it bounced back to a remote fixed mirror and then back to the first rotating mirror. But because the first mirror was rotating, the light from the rotating mirror finally bounced back at an angle slightly different from the angle it initially hit the mirror with. By measuring this angle, it was possible to measure the speed of the light. Foucault continually increased the accuracy of this method over the years. His final measurement in 1862 determined that light traveled at 299,796 Km/s. Magee "A Source Book in Physics", p. 342 ff. and "Source Book in Astronomy", p. 282 ff.

Paris, Bachelier, 1851. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 33, No 13. With htitle and titlepage to tome 33. Pp. 329-360 (entire issue offered). Fizeau's paper: pp. 349-355. A stamp on erso of titlepage. Titlepage with faint brownspots. First appearance of this paper, the first announcment of Fizeau's results of his experiments with the velocity of light."It (the paper) is less famous, for some reason, than the failure of Michelson and Morley to detect the aether drag, but NO LESS SIGNIFICANT. For it showed that the velocity of light increases in a medium according to the formula, v (1 - 1/n2), where v is the velocity of the medium, and n is the refractive index"(Gillespie in "The Edge of Objecticity" p. 427). Fizeau shows that the velocity of light is higher in water flowing in the direction of the beam than that of light propagating in the direction opposite the direction of flow. The paper offered is the shorter announcement of the research, the paper in full was published later in 1859 in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique". Albert Einstein later pointed out the IMPORTENCE OF THE EXPERIMENT FOR SPECIAL RELATIVITY.Fizeau's result was replicated by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in 1886 repeated the experiment on a larger scale and confirmed Fizeau's results., and in 1914 it was confirmed by Pieter Zeeman. It was Arago in 1838, who suggested this "crucial experiment" to decide between the corpuscular and undulatory theories of light by comparing the speed of light in water and in air. It vindicated the undulatory position.It was shown by Hendrik Lorentz (1892, 1895) that the experiment can be explained by the reaction of the moving water upon the interfering waves without the need of any aether entrainment. On this occasion, Lorentz introduced a different time coordinate for moving bodies within the aether, the so called Local time (an early form of the Lorentz transformation for small velocities compared to the speed of light). In 1895, Lorentz went a step further and explained the coefficient by local time alone and without mentioning any interaction of light and matter.