shockley john (12 Ergebnisse)

Zustand: Good. Pages intact with minimal writing/highlighting. The binding may be loose and creased. Dust jackets/supplements are not included. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Zustand: Good. Former library copy. Pages intact with minimal writing/highlighting. The binding may be loose and creased. Dust jackets/supplements are not included. Includes library markings. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Paperback. Zustand: Good.

Hardcover. Zustand: Good. No Jacket. Dust jacket missing. Shelf and handling wear to cover and binding, with general signs of previous use. Moderate wear to the boards. Sound binding. Clean interior pages. Secure packaging for safe delivery.

Zustand: New. In.

Hardcover. Zustand: Near Fine. 1st Edition. 422 Pp. Annual Volume 1950, Bound With Green Morocco Spine And Tips, No Wrapers. Patterned Boards, Speckled Edges, Gilt Title On Spine. Near Fine, No Wear, Immaculate, Gilt Brilliant, "Hauptbucherel" Stamp And Circular Ownership Stamp In Ludwigshafen On Title Page, Vertical Crease On Title Page, Else Fine. Chien-Shiung Wu (Chinese: ???; 1912 - 1997) Was A Chinese-American Particle And Experimental Physicist Who Made Significant Contributions In The Field Of Nuclear And Particle Physics. Wu Worked On The Manhattan Project, Where She Helped Develop The Process For Separating Uranium Into Uranium-235 And Uranium-238 Isotopes By Gaseous Diffusion. She Is Best Known For Conducting The Wu Experiment, Which Proved That Parity Is Not Conserved. This Discovery Resulted In Her Colleagues Tsung-Dao Lee And Chen-Ning Yang Winning The 1957 Nobel Prize In Physics, While Wu Herself Was Awarded The Inaugural Wolf Prize In Physics In 1978. Her Expertise In Experimental Physics Evoked Comparisons To Marie Curie. Her Nicknames Include The "First Lady Of Physics", The "Chinese Madame Curie" And The "Queen Of Nuclear Research". In September 1944, Wu Was Contacted By The Manhattan District Engineer, Colonel Kenneth Nichols. Wu Was Frustrated With Her Lack Of Professorships And Volunteered To Help Out In The Project. The Newly Commissioned B Reactor, The First Practical Nuclear Reactor Ever Built, Which Was Located At The Hanford Site Had Run Into An Unexpected Problem, Starting Up And Shutting Down At Regular Intervals. John Archibald Wheeler And Partner Enrico Fermi Suspected That A Fission Product, Xe-135, With A Half-Life Of 9.4 Hours, Was The Culprit, And Might Be A Neutron Poison Or Absorber. Segrè Then Remembered The 1940 Phd Thesis That Wu Had Done For Him At Berkeley On The Radioactive Isotopes Of Xe And Told Fermi To "Ask Ms. Wu". After Fermi Contacted Wu, Segrè Visited Her Dorm Room Together With Nichols And Collected The Typewritten Draft Prepared For The Physical Review. The Suspicions Of Fermi And Wheeler Came True, Wu's Paper Unknowingly Verified That Xe-135 Was Indeed The Culprit For The B Reactor; It Turned Out To Have An Unexpectedly Large Neutron Absorption Cross-Section. Wu Also Used Her Findings In Radioactive Uranium Separation To Build The Standard Model For Producing Enriched Uranium To Fuel The Atomic Bombs At The Oak Ridge, Tennessee Facility As Well As Build Innovative Geiger Counters. Wu, Like Most Involved Physicists In Their Later Years Distanced Herself From The Manhattan Project Due To Its Destructive Outcome And Recommended To The Taiwanese President Chiang Kai-Shek In 1962 To Never Build Nuclear Weapons. In November 1949, Wu Experimented With The Conclusions Of Einstein's Epr Thought Experiment, Which Called Quantum Entanglement "Spooky Action At A Distance". Wu Managed To Be The First To Establish The Phenomenon And Validity Of Entanglement Using Photons Through Observing Angular Correlation. Specifically, The Experiment Carried Out By Wu Was The First Important Confirmation Of Quantum Results Relevant To A Pair Of Entangled Photons As Applicable To The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (Epr) Paradox. In Her Post-War Research, Wu Continued To Investigate Beta Decay. In 1949, Wu Completely Established Fermi's Theory And Showed How Beta Decay Worked, Especially In Creating Electrons, Neutrinos, And Positrons.At Columbia, Wu Knew The Chinese-Born Theoretical Physicist Tsung-Dao Lee Personally. In The Mid-1950S, Lee And Another Chinese Theoretical Physicist, Chen Ning Yang, Grew To Question A Hypothetical Law Of Elementary Particle Physics, The "Law Of Conservation Of Parity". The Discovery Of Parity Violation Was A Major Contribution To Particle Physics And The Development Of The Standard Model. The Discovery Actually Set The Stage For The Development Of The Model, As The Model Relied On The Idea Of Symmetry Of Particles And Forces And How Particles Can Sometimes Break That Symmetry. (See The Much Longer Wikipedia Article).

Soft cover. Zustand: Very Good. First Edition. 792 Pp. Grey Card Covers Printed In Black. First Printing. "The Material Included Herein Covers The Same Ground And Supplements The Talks Given At A Symposium On Transistors, Which Was Held At The Bell Telephone Laboratories During The Week Beginning September 17, 1951. Includes Reprints Of Important Shockley Papers Including The "The Theory Of P-N Junctions In Semiconductors And P-N Junction Transistors" From The 1949 Bell System Telephone Journal, And 33 Other Articles By Shockley And Others, Most Of Which Are First Published Here, Representing A Comprehensive Overview Of The Latest Developments In This Important Milestone In Electronics. Includes A Joint Article By Shockley And Sparks On P - N Transistor Junctions; The Junction Transistor, First Announced By Bell Labs In 1951, Was More Efficient And Consumed Far Less Power Than The Original 1947 Type, And Led To The Electronics Revolution In Small Devices; Sparks Was Later Directore Of Sandia Labs 1972-1981, And Was Involved In Plasma Research. (Note: No Articles Credited To Bardeen Or Brattain). Some Wear And Light Soiling To Covers, But All Lettering Clear On Front Cover And All Lettering Worn But Present On Spine. Internally A Clean Copy. Laid In Loosely Are Signed First Day Covers Commemorating Their Achievements, One Each Signed By Shockley, Brattain And Bardeen. Signed by Author(s).

Hardcover. Zustand: Fine. 1st Edition. HC, Orig. Red cloth and gilt stamping to spine. A quartley collection from SMU combined in one volume for the year with B/W photography, ads, illustrations, and stories by many true, beloved southwest authors. 4to. xxi (each quarter differs here) and 352pp w/ 4 page Index to all quarters, Winter-Autumn, 1952. Fine, Clean, with no markings or writings, never read. Mint Interior with only very light rubbing to exterior edges. Includes stories by J. Frank Dobie, Ernest Kroll, Elizabeth Coatsworth, William Goyen, David Cornel DeJong, Walter Prescott Webb, Paul Bartlett, David Lefkoqitz, John Chapman, Peter Viereck, Charles L. Glicksberg, Martin Staples Shockley, Herbert Gambrell, Jane Mayhall, Paul F. Boller, Jr., Mitchell Smith, and many more. RARE. Hard to find in such good condition. RARE. Collectible. --BR Box 149.

Softcover. Zustand: Near Fine. Offprint. Small quarto. [1], 352-362pp. Stapled printed wrappers. Tiny number inked on front cover, very light wear, and staple a bit oxidized, near fine. Briefly Inscribed by the author to psychologist L. B. Hoisington on the front cover and signed "MSS.". First published in *American Literature*, Volume 15, No. 4, January 1944. *The Grapes of Wrath* won both the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize, and this essay was collected in at least two collections of critical studies of the book. *OCLC* locates a single copy, at the University of Tulsa.

Hardcover. Zustand: Near Fine. First Edition. First Edition. Hardcover. Includes: ? Shannon, "The Synthesis of Two-Terminal Switching Circuits" [not in OOC]. ? Shannon, "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems" [not in OOC]. ? Bardeen & Brattain, "Physical Principles Involved in Transistor Action" [OOC 450]. ? Shockley, "The Theory of p-n Junctions in Semiconductors and p-n Junction Transistors" [not in OOC]. Vol 28 is best known for No. 3, entirely devoted to the semiconductor/transistor. It includes articles by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley (jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for work on the subject). Other issues includes Claude E. Shannon's 'The Synthesis of Two-Terminal Switching Circuits', and Bardeen and Brattain's 'Physical Principles Involved in Transistor Action'. However, it is worth noting that Shannon's "Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems", exploring cryptography as a function of information theory is monumental for modern crypto theory. It is "one of the foundation treatments (arguably THE foundational treatment) of modern cryptography. It is also a proof that all theoretically unbreakable ciphers must have the same requirements as the one-time pad [a secret random key used only once]" [Wikipedia] N.B. Shannon published an earlier iteration of this research in the classified report, "A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography (Memorandum MM 45-110-02, Bell Laboratory, 1945). [Shannon, Collected Papers, no. 25.40610]. Minimal shelf/edge wear, else tight, bright, and unmarred. Blue cloth boards, gilt lettering. 8vo. 753pp. Illus. (b/w plates).

First edition. First Comprehensive Report on the Transistor, with Shannon's Foundation of Modern Cryptography (1) Bardeen, John (1908-91) and Brattain, Walter (1902-87). Physical principles involved in transistor action. In Bell System Technical Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1949): 239-77. (2) Shockley, William (1910-89). The theory of p-n junctions in semiconductors and p-n junction transistors. In ibid.: 435-89. (3) Shannon, Claude (1916-2001). Communication theory of secrecy systems. In ibid.: 656-715. Whole volume. iv, 753, [1], v-viii pp. Illustrated. 221 x 148 mm. Library buckram. Very good. Library stamps and label on endpapers. (1) First Editions. No. (1), Bardeen and Brattain's paper, is the first comprehensive report on the point-contact transistor, created in December 1947 and announced in three brief papers published in the Physical Review in 1948. The transistor gradually replaced the bulkier vacuum tube, allowing heat reduction and miniaturization of electronic devices. Transistors began to be employed on a large scale in computer manufacturing in the late 1950s; they were eventually miniaturized and incorporated into microprocessors. Bardeen and Brattain shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for physics with William Shockley (see below) for their investigations of semiconductors (the materials of which transistors are made) and for their discovery of the transistor. Origins of Cyberspace 450. No. (2) is a detailed account of the junction transistor invented by Shockley shortly after Bardeen and Brattain's invention of the point-contact transistor. Shockley's design marked a substantial improvement over the point-contact transistor, whose "delicate mechanical configuration would be difficult to manufacture in high volume with sufficient reliability" (Computer History Museum, "The silicon engine: A timeline of semiconductors in computers" [internet reference]). Shockley disagreed with Bardeen and Brattain's explanation of how the transistor worked, claiming that "positively charged holes could also penetrate through the bulk germanium material-not only trickle along a surface layer. Called 'minority carrier injection,' this phenomenon was crucial to operation of his junction transistor, a three-layer sandwich of n-type and p-type semiconductors separated by p-n junctions. This is how all 'bipolar' junction transistors work today" (ibid.). Bell Laboratories began manufacturing junction transistors in quantity in 1951; they dominated the market for many years. Magill, Nobel Prize Winners: Physics, pp. 675-704. No. (3), Shannon's discussion of cryptography from the viewpoint of information theory, "is one of the foundational treatments (arguably the foundational treatment) of modern cryptography. It is also a proof that all theoretically unbreakable ciphers must have the same requirements as the one-time pad [a secret random key used only once]" (Wikipedia). Shannon published an earlier version of his cryptography research in the classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography (Memorandum MM 45-110-02, Bell Laboratories, Sept. 1, 1945). Shannon, Collected Papers, no. 25. .

Zustand: VG. NY 1949 first edition. American Telephone and Telegraph Company. 4to wraps. Monograph 1726. Bound in one volume is 155p. of articles on transistors including the 3 by Shockley and Bardeen as well as an octavo issue of American Scientists, January 1951 "Transistor Physics " by Shockley, pp. 4172 bound in. Also one page of music score with two songs: "Take Away your Billion Dollars" and "HOW NICE TO BE A PHYSICIST" plus 4 p. illustrated article "The Transistor" by Frank H Rockett. A real collector's item. slight tape marks on spine ends. 5 binding holes in left margin. VG. owner name stamp on top of cover (Alex Russ). VG plus. Text clean and no wear. Both Shockley and Bardeen won the Nobel in Physics in 1955 and 1956 respectively for their work in inventing the transistor. Bardeen won a second Nobel in 1972. Pictures available on request.