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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2010 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: 94.30, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, course: Plant Nematology, language: English, abstract: Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) are origin of South America and were first used as food in Southern Mexico. Since the fruit has seeds and grows from flowering plant, botanically it is classified under fruits. It is the state vegetable of New Jersey and official state fruit of Ohio and its juice is the official beverage of Ohio.The fruit is rich in lycopene which is an antioxidant found to be good for the heart and effective against certain cancer diseases. Also the fruits are rich in vitamin A and C, calcium and potassium. The best sources of lycopene are found in processed tomato products. Eighty per cent of the tomatoes harvested are industrially processed. Increase in demand of the processed products of tomato in domestic and international markets make an upward trend in the cultivation of this crop. Now days, tomatoes are important ingredient in pizza and pasta sauces. High acidic content in the fruit makes it a prime candidate in the canning industries.The factors that are attributed for the reduction of fruit yield of the crop include both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, plant parasitic nematodes play a major role in reducing the crop yield as tomatoes are excellent host for the nematodes. In general, Crop loss due to these nematodes worldwide was estimated to be greater than 11 per cent and among vegetables, infestation of root knot nematode contributes major loss for the crops (Ayyar, 1926).Annual yield loss of crops due to plant parasitic nematodes have been estimated about dollar 78 billion worldwide and dollar 8 billion for US growers. In Tamil Nadu, the loss incurred was estimated about Rs. 200 crores (Jonathan et al., 2005).Generally, nematode management success over a long term requires several alternatives and integration of approaches which should be economically feasible. This is especially true for horticultural crops. Therefore, safe and alternative methods for managing plant parasitic nematodes in horticultural crops are critically needed for the development of sustainable cropping systems.A promising alternative is the use of microbial antagonists against plant parasitic nematodes which are ecofriendly and economically feasible and it does not allow the nematodes to develop into new races or biotypes.In addition to that, they are easily amenable for mass production, formulation technology and easy to deliver in the field.…

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Master's Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Biology - Parasitology, grade: First, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, course: Plant Nematology, language: English, abstract: Nematodes are tiny, microscopic round worms which are subterranean in nature and affect almost all the agricultural crops and cause substantial yield loss to the farmers. Nematode management over years relied on chemical methods. Owing to the ill effects with the application of chemicals, ecofriendly methods are gaining importance now a days in nematode management.Marigold is an effective antagonistic plant against nematodes. The plant, by the production of alpha terthienyl bithenyl compounds from its roots, repel the nematodes and reduce its population. Understanding the mechanism involved in the antagonistic nature of the plants will result in the better enhancement of the nematode management practices in an environmental friendly approach.Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is the most important solanaceous vegetable. In India, it is produced around 1, 75, 00,000 MT/ha. Lycopene, an antioxidant is the primary product of tomato, which gives colour to the fruit and protects humans against cancer and heart diseases. Moreover the fruit is also rich in Vitamin A and C.Among the yield reducing factors in tomato, root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is the only species known to cause economic damage and often happens to be the major limiting factor in the successful cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) In affected roots, the functional root system gets modified to galls and it impairs the uptake of water and nutrients. Poor development of root system makes the plant highly susceptible to drought. The entire root system may be shallow with excessive branching.…

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