Rutherford e ernest (17 Ergebnisse)
The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Vol. XVI, July-December 1908. [Rutherford and Royds: Experiments with Radium Emanation; F. Soddy: The Relation Between Radium and Uranium; J.J. Thomson: Positive Rays.]
Prof. E. [Ernest] Rutherford; T. Royds; F. Soddy; Prof. J.J. [Joseph John] Thomson; et al.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: Taylor and Francis, London, 1908
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In den WarenkorbHardcover. Zustand: Very Good. 1st Edition. Cloth Spine, Papered Boards. July - December 1908, 984 pages, diagrams, figures, 28 plates. Cancelled copy from "Sternwarte Berlin-Babelsberg". Frontcover partially faded, but altogether a very nice copy. Contains important articles by Ernest Rutherford and T.Royds on nuclear physics:…Experiments with Radium Emanation. The volume of Emanation; The Spectrum of radium Emanation (with 2 plates); The Action of Radium Emanation upon Water. Also by F. Soddy: Attempts to detect the production of helium from the primary radio Elements; The Relation between Radium and Uranium.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: (London Taylor & Francis), 1914
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In den Warenkorb(21 x 14,5 cm). SS. (757)-916. Mit Abbildungen und 7 Tafeln. Moderner Pappband im Stil der Zeit. Zwei wichtige Arbeiten zur Spektroskopie mit Röntgenstrahlen. - Zu I: Erste Ausgabe. - "Other important work was accomplished at Manchester, such as. the measurement by Rutherford and E. N. da C. Andrade in 1914 of gamma-ray waveleng…ths by the crystal technique" (DSB 12, 32). - Zu II: Erste Ausgabe. - "Bragg, who succeeded Rutherford., showed how to measure X-ray wavelengths by reflecting them from crystals" (DSB 12, 32). - Gut erhalten.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: London Harrison, 1933
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In den Warenkorb(25,5 x 17,5 cm). V, 730, XI S. Mit Abbildungen und Tafeln. Leinwandband der Zeit. Erste Ausgabe. - "Another major advance at the Cavendish, the significance of which is not sufficiently appreciated, was the application by C. E. Wynn-Williams of Heinrich Greinacher's ideas for electronic amplification of ionization. With the Gei…ger-Müller tube, which was based on a different principle, and especially with Wynn-Williams' tubes and associated electronics, research workers in the laboratory were able to count particles at much higher rates than with scintillations and with other benefits" (DSB). - Stempel auf Vorsatz und Titel. Rücken etwas fleckig, sonst gut erhalten. - DSB 12, 25.
Verlag: Berlin: Verlag von Julius Springer
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In den WarenkorbZustand: Fair. Berlin: Julius Springer, 1907. Authorized German edition. Sm 4to Hardcover. Half leather with gilt lettering on spine and ribbon bookmark. 597pp. German. B/W figures. Fair book. Former library book. Covers scuffed and edgeworn. Tear to top of hinge on front cover. Stamped "Geophysical Research Library" on front pa…stedown and title page. Some pencil notation throughout text. In polypropylene bag. (radioactivity, alpha radiation, beta radiation, helium gas) Inquire if you need further information.
Weitere BilderLes Prix Nobel. En 1908.
[Rutherford, Ernest; Metchnikov, E [Ilya Ilitch]; Ehrlich, Paul; Lippmann, Gabriel; and others
Verlag: Stockholm, 1909
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In den WarenkorbZustand: Very good. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: good. First Edition. Very good. In chipped original glassine jacket. Illustrated. 8vo, wrappers; light wear, top corner bumped. Many pages unopened.
Zur Kenntnis der Atomenergie, eine Beziehung zwischen kinetischer Theorie und Radioaktivität.
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - THE SATURNIAN MODEL OF THE ATOM.
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In den Warenkorb(Leipzig, S. Hirzel), 1904. Without wrappers. In: "Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik", 1. Bd., heft 2. Pp. 103-214 (entire issue offered). Rutherford's paper: pp. 103-127 First appearance of the paper in which Rutherford set forth his early - before 1911-model - model of the atom, the so-calles Saturnian Model. Rutherfo…rd pictured here the radioactive atom as a giant whirligig of electrons and alpha-particles, whose stability is somewhat disturbed, perhaps as a result uncompensated radiation losses, precipitating the expulsion of some of its constituents with the tremendous speeds they possessed befiore the explosion.
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In den WarenkorbLondon, Taylor and Francis, 1902. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with marbled boards and gilt lettering to spine. Two title labels in red and black with gilt lettering to spine and five rasied bands with gilt ornamentation. In "Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science", Sixth Series, Vol. 4, 1902. Front hinge cracked,… frontboard almost detached.L Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper and library stamp to verso of title page. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 370-96" Pp. 569-585. [Entire volume: (8), 732 pp. + 6 plates. First printing of Rutherford and Soddy's seminal paper on the nature of radioactivity, "the revolutionary theory that radio-activity is a by-product of the transmutation of one form of matter into another." (PMM 411). The theory "provided the break with the past that was clearly needed [.] In this great theory of radioactivity which these young men sprung on the learned, timid, rather unbelieving, and, as yet, unquantized world of physics of 1902 and 1903, they unabashedly but forward the idea that some atomic species are subject to spontaneous transmutation." (PAIS, Inward Bound).They both were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work within radioactivity. Rutherford and Soddy introduced the expression "atomic energy" in this paper, "not just for the energy released by a radioactive element, but much more generally for the energy locked in any atom" (Brown et al., Twentieth Century Physics, I, p. 63)."By this time Rutherford had recognized the need for skilled chemical assistance in his radioactivity investigations and had secured the services of a young chemistry demonstrator at McGill, Frederick Soddy. Together they removed most of the activity from a thorium compound, calling the active matter thorium X" but they too found that the X product lost its activity and that the thorium recovered its original level in a few weeks. Had Becquerel's similar finding for uranium not been immediately at hand, they might have searched for errors in their work. In early 1902, however, they began to plot the activities as a function of time, seeing evidence of a fundamental relationship in the equality of the time for thorium X to decay to half value and thorium to double in activity.This work led directly to Rutherford's greatest achievement at McGill, for with Soddy he advanced the still-accepted explanation of radioactivity. Their iconoclastic theory, variously called transformation, transmutation, and disintegration, first appeared in 1902 and was refined in the following year. Although alchemy had long been exorcised from scientific chemistry, they declared that "radioactivity is at once an atomic phenomenon and the accompaniment of a chemical change in which new kinds of matter are produced." The radioactive atoms decay, they argued, each decay signifying the transmutation of a parent into a daughter element, and each type of atom undergoing its transformation in a characteristic period. This insight set the course for their next several years of research, for the task was then to order all the known radioelements into decay series and to search for additional members of these families." (DSB)The volume contains several other important papers by contemporary phycicians.
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In den WarenkorbBerlin, Julius Springer, 1907. Royal8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. A small nick to lower left part of frontwrapper. Stamps to titlepage. (10),597 pp., textillustrations. Internally clean. From the library of the Danish logician and philosopher Jørgen Jørgensen, with his name on top of frontwrapper. First German edition of… this importent work which is recognized as a classic, being the first textbook on Radio-Activity. To this German edition, translated from the second English of 1905, Rutherford himself has added further descriptions of the results obtained in the years in between.Rutherford made "Proposal of a new theory of atomic disintegration and of the nuclear nature of the atom. Rutherford discovered and named the alpha, beta, and gamma rays."( Horblitt, "One Hundred Books famous in Science" No 91 (Engl. ed.)."After the discovery of thorium emanations in 1900 new concepts of atomic structure followed from the brilliant experiments of Rutherford. A new theory of atomic disintegration was proposed, then the nuclear nature of the atom. "(Dibner "Heralds of Science", No 51 (Engl. ed.).
Nuclear Constitution of Atoms. (Bakerian Lecture).
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - PREDICTIING A NEW CONSTITUENT OF THE NUCLEUS, THE NEUTRON.
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In den WarenkorbLondon, The Royal Society, 1920. Royal8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A small faint stamp on verso of titlepage and a few other leaves (in lower margins).In: "Proceeding of the Royal Society of London", Series A, Vol. 97. XVIII,470,XXI pp., textillustr. a. 2 plates. Rutherford's paper: pp. 374-400. Clean and f…ine. First apperance of this famous lecture in which Rutherford predicted the existence of a new constituent of the atomic nucleus and its likely properties. In the lecture Rutherford suggested that "it may be possible for an electron to combine much more closely with the H-nucleus (than is the case in the ordinary hydrogen atom). It is the ontentionof the writer to test (this idea). The existence of such atoms seems almost necessary to explain the building up of heavy elements."Rutherford's collegue Chadwick made several attempts to detect the neutral particle but none was successful until he learned of experiments by the Joliot-Curies in Paris, in which, they said, extremely penetrating gamma rays were emitted. As he suspected, Chadwick found the rays were not gammas but neutrons: and not long afterward Norman Feather, also at the Cavendish, showed that neutrons were capable of causing nuclear disintegrations. Chadwick gave proof of its existence in 1932.
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In den WarenkorbLeipzig, S. Hirzel, 1921. Cont. hcalf. Titlelabel gilt on back. Small stamp on title. (4),35 pp. First German edition and the first edition in book-form, as this Bakerian lecture was published in the Proceedings 1920. In this work Rutherford not only considered the neutron as a possibility, but he furthermore predicted its likel…y properties ("the idea of the possible existence of an atom of mass one, which has a zero nuclear charge").
The Wave-lenght of the soft gamma Rays from Radium B (In collaboration with E.N. da C. Andrade).
"RUTHERFORD, ERNEST. - THE NATURE OF X-RAYS FINALLY SETTLED.
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In den WarenkorbLondon, 1914. Without wrappers, but stitched. In "Philosophical Magazine and Journalof Science", Vol. 27, No. 161. May 1914. Pp. 757-916 a. 6 plates.(= the whole issue No 161). Rutherford's paper: pp. 854-860 a. 1 plate. First edition, finally establishing the nature of Röntgen's X-Rays.In 1900 "Villardhad discovered gamma gamma…-rays. He noted at once that these rays are not deflected by magnetic fields. Two years later Rutherford suggested that gamma-rays might be very hard form of beta-rays. This view became less and less tenable.(and) slowly the evidence grew that gamma-rays and X-rays were akin, but a lately as 1912 Rutherford still wrote with a touch of caution: "There is at present nodefinite evidence to belive that X-rays and gamma-rays are funamentally different kindsof radiation". he matter was finally settled fourteent years after the first observatiob of gamma-radioactivity, when Rutherford and Andrade observed reflexion of gamma-rays from crystal force (in the paper offered here)." (Pais. Inward Bound p. 62.).The issue contains further importent papers in first editions. W.H. BRAGG. The Intensity of Reflexion of X Rays by Crystals. Pp. 881-99. This is an account of his famous work on X-ray spectroscopy.E. MARSDEN: The Passage of alpha Particles through Hydrogen. Pp. 824-830. Here he discovered that when alpha-particles were projected into hydrogen, so that the heavy projectiles struck lighter atoms, a few of the hydrogen atoms were driven forward far beyond the range of the alpha particles.J.J.THOMSON: The Forces between Atoms and Chemical Affinity. Pp. 757-789.
The Nature of the alpha Particle.
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST) and T. ROYDS. - THE FINAL PROOF OF THE NATURE OF ALPHA-PARTICLES.
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In den WarenkorbManchester, 1909. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Orig. printed paper label on spine (a bit chipped). In: "Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Phlosophical Society. (Manchester Memoirs.). Volume LIII. (1908-09). Entire volume offered. The volume contains 24 papers, all with seperate pagination. Rutherford's paper: pp.… 1-3. First printing of the paper which Rutherford and Royds gave the final proof that the alpha particle are atoms of helium. The present paper was read on November 3rd 1908 and published on the 19th. It was reprinted in Philosophical Magazine and that paper is dated November 13, 1908 and published February 1909."After nearly a decade of labor, Rutherford was finally prepared to state. what the alpha particle really was "We may conclude that an alpha-particle is a helium atom, or, to be more precise, the alpha-particle, after it has lost its positive charge, is a helium atom". In a paper together with Royds, completed in November 1908, he was even more emphatic: "We can conclude with certainty. that the alpha-particle is a helium atom. They had shown that a discharge sent through a volume in which alpha-particles from radium had been collected produced the characteristic helium spectrum !"(Pais "Inward Bound", p. 61)."Rutherford?s early conviction that the alpha particle was a doubly charged helium atom, but he had not succeeded in proving that belief. In 1908 he and Geiger were able to fire alpha particles into an evacuated tube containing a central, charged wire and to record single events. Ionization by collision, a process studied by Rutherford?s former colleague at Cambridge, J. S. E. Townsend, caused a magnification of the single particle?s charge sufficient to give the electrometer a measurable "kick." By this means they were able to count, for the first time accurately and directly, the number of alpha particles emitted per second from a gram of radium.This experiment enabled Rutherford and Geiger to confirm that every alpha particle causes a faint but discrete flash when it strikes a luminescent zinc sulfide screen, and thus led directly to the widespread method of scintillation counting. It was also the origin of the electrical and electronic methods of particle counting in which Geiger later pioneered. But at this time the scintillation technique, now proved reliable, was more convenient. This counting work also led Rutherford and Geiger to the most accurate value of the fundamental electric charge e before Millikan performed his oil-drop experiment. They measured the total charge from a radium source and divided it by the number of alphas counted to obtain the charge per particle. Since this figure was about twice the previous values of e. they concluded that the alpha was indeed helium with a double charge. But Rutherford still desired decisive, direct proof" and here his skilled glassblower came to his aid. Otto Baumbach in 1908 was able to construct glass tubes thin enough to be transparent to the rapidly moving alpha particles yet capable of containing a gas. Such a tube was filled with emanation and was placed within a larger tube made of thicker glass. In time, alpha particles from the decaying emanation penetrated into and were trapped in the space between inner and outer tubes: and when ROYDS SPARKED THE MATERIAL IN THIS SPACE, THEY SAW THE SPECTRUM OF HELIUM." (DSB).The volume contains 2 other importent papers by Rutherford 1. "Some Properties of the Radium Emanations" (issued Nov. 19th, 1908) and 2. together withY. Tuomikoski "Differences in the Decay of the Radium Emanations" (issued April 7th, 1909).
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In den Warenkorb[London, Taylor and Francis, 1919] 8vo . In recent half cloth with cloth title-label with gilt lettering to front board. Extracted from "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science" Sixth Series. A fine and clean copy. [Rutherford's paper:] pp. 537-587. [Withbound:] Pp. 537-616. First appearan…ce of this seminal paper which contains Rutherford's discovery of artificial transmutation. He here discovered, that the atomic nucleus (discovered by him in 1911) itself had a structure, when, by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, he produced THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER, and what was left after the bombardment had to be those of oxygen atoms. - Thus thus began the age of nuclear physics."Rutherford was . the first man ever to change one element into another as a result of the manipulations of his own hands. He had achieved the dream of the alchemists. He had also demonstrated the first man-made "nuclear reaction". By 1924 Rutherford had managed to knock protons out of the nuclei of most of the lighter elements." (Asimov)."A few years before, Marsden had noticed scintillations on a screen placed far beyond the range of alpha particles when these particles were allowed to bombard hydrogen. Rutherford repeated the experiment and showed that the scintillations were caused by hydrogen nuclei or protons. This was easily understood, but when he substituted nitrogen for the hydrogen, he saw the same proton flashes. The explanation he gave in 1919 stands beside the transformation theory of radioactivity and the nuclear atom as one of Rutherford?s most important discoveries. This, he said, was a case of artificial disintegration of an element. Unstable, or radioactive, atoms disintegrated spontaneously" but here a stable nucleus was disrupted by the alpha particle, and a proton was one of the pieces broken off." (DSB).PMM 411.
Collision of alpha Particles with Light Atoms. (4 Parts). I. Hydrogen. II. Velocity of the Hydrogen Atom. III. Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms. IV. An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen. - [SPLITTING THE ATOM PMM 411.]
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - THE ALCHEMIST'S DREAM FULFILLED, THE CHANGE OF ONE ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER.
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In den WarenkorbLondon, Taylor and Francis, 1919. Recent full cloth. Titlelabel in leather on spine with gilt lettering. In: "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science" Sixth Series, Vol. XXXVII. Pp. VIII,616 pp. a. 6 plates. A stamp to top of p. 537. Rutherford's paper: pp. 537-587. First appearance of thi…s seminal paper which contains Rutherford's discovery of artificial transmutation. He here discovered, that the atomic nucleus (discovered by him in 1911) itself had a structure, when, by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, he produced THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER, and what was left after the bombardment had to be those of oxygen atoms. - Thus thus began the age of nuclear physics."Rutherford was . the first man ever to change one element into another as a result of the manipulations of his own hands. He had achieved the dream of the alchemists. He had also demonstrated the first man-made "nuclear reaction". By 1924 Rutherford had managed to knock protons out of the nuclei of most of the lighter elements." (Asimov)."A few years before, Marsden had noticed scintillations on a screen placed far beyond the range of alpha particles when these particles were allowed to bombard hydrogen. Rutherford repeated the experiment and showed that the scintillations were caused by hydrogen nuclei or protons. This was easily understood, but when he substituted nitrogen for the hydrogen, he saw the same proton flashes. The explanation he gave in 1919 stands beside the transformation theory of radioactivity and the nuclear atom as one of Rutherford?s most important discoveries. This, he said, was a case of artificial disintegration of an element. Unstable, or radioactive, atoms disintegrated spontaneously" but here a stable nucleus was disrupted by the alpha particle, and a proton was one of the pieces broken off." (DSB).PMM: 411.
The Structure of the Atom. (Rutherford) + (Darwin:) Collision of 'alpha' Particles with Light Atoms. + (Bohr:) On the Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Spectral Lines
"RUTHERFORD, ERNEST - NIELS BOHR - C.G. DARWIN. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE 'PROTON'.
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In den WarenkorbLondon, 1914. No wrappers, but stiched. All three papers contained in: "Philosophical Magazine", Sixth Series, Vol. 27. No. 159. March 1914. The whole issue issue offered (=no. 159): pp. 397-540 and 2 plates.Rutherford's paper.pp. 488-498. - Darwin's paper: pp. 499-506. - Bohr's paper: pp. 506-523. All clean and fine. First edit…ion and first printing of all three papers. Rutherford, in this paper for the first time identifies the hydrogen nucleus, and called it the 'positive electron'. He later called it 'the proton' . In his definitive paper of 1911 he estimated the radius of the nucleus, a hundred thousand times smaller than that of an atom. Darwin in his paper (offered here) gave a more precise measure.In the first lines of the paper Rutherford outlines the content "The present paper and and the accompanying paper by Mr. C. Darwin (the second paper offered here) deal with certain points in connection with the "nucleus" theory of the atom which were purposely omitted in my first communication on that subject (Phil. Mag. May 1911). A brief account is given of the later investigations which have been made to test the theory and of the deductions which can be drawn from them. At the same time a brief statement is given of recent observations on the passage of alpha particles through hydrogen, which throw importent light on the dimensions of the nucleus." - Rutherford had studies alpha-particles intensely in the years before 1914 and proved quite conclusively that the individual particle was a helium atom with its electrons removed. The alpha particles were like the positive rays that had been discovered by Goldstein (1886), and now in 1914 (the paper offered) Rutherford suggested that the simplest positive rays must be those obtained from the hydrogen and that these must be the fundamentall positively-charged particle. He names it a 'positive electron'.Darwin, in the paper offered "concluded from the known data:"No force proportional to some power of the distance other than the inverse square can give the dependence (the Rutherford scattering cross section) on (the initial velocity)", and he then calculated the distance of closest alpha-particle-nucleus approach.The paper by Niels Bohr relates to "The Stark effect". In 1913 appeared "an importent new discovery: when atomic hydrogen is exposed to a static electrical field its spectral lines split, the amount of splitting being proportional to thefield strenght (the linear Stark effect). After Rutherford read this news in "Nature", he at once wrote to Bohr:'I think it is rather up to you at the present time to write something on.electric effects.'" (A. Pais). Bohrs paper on The Stark effect appeared in 1914, the paper offered here. - Rosenfeld. Niels Bohr' publications No. 10).
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In den WarenkorbCambridge University Press, 1904. Fine hcalf, raised bands, gilt lettering. Probably with renewed spine. On both covers a large gilt crowned coat of arms. Corners professionally repaired. (2),VIII,(2),399,(1) pp. Textfigs. and 1 plate facing p. 169. Halftitle and a few leaves with small brownspots in upper margin, otherwise a fi…ne clean copy. First edition. This work marks a new epoch in the understanding of the nature of nuclear physics. "After the discovery of thorium in 1900 new concepts of atomic structure followed from the brilliant experiments of Rutherford. A new theory of atomic disentegration was proposed, then the nuclear nature of the atom. He discovered and named alpha and beta rays emitted from radioactive salts and predicted that disintegration of some radioactive elements would generate helium. he also produced in the laboratory the first artificial transmutation of one element into another." (Dibner, Heralds of Science No. 51). - Horblit No 91.
Sprache: Deutsch
Verlag: London Taylor & Francis, 1914
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In den Warenkorb(22 x 14,5 cm). VII, 848 S. Mit 14 teils gefalteten Tafeln. Halbleinwand der Zeit. Erste Ausgabe von Rutherfords berühmter Abhandlung über den Nachweis der Welleneigenschaften der Gamma-Strahlen und dass verschiedene Isotope eines Elements tatsächlich der gleichen Ordnungszahl im Periodensystem zugeordnet werden können. "This ye…ar (1914) saw the publication by Rutherford and Andrade of a piece of work great beauty. When a beam of gamma rays from radium B and C impinged on a thin sheet of mica, those rays which struck the crystals of the mica at a suitable angle were enhanced in a certain direction and impoverished in another, so that a photographic film behind the mica appeared to be ruled with four bright lines forming a square, and with four dark lines forming another square. By measuring the deflection of the gamma rays it was possible to determine their wave lengths, which are comparable with those of X-rays, but usually shorter, though the range of values is large" (Eve, Rutherford). - Stempel auf Vorsatz. Einband stellenweise etwas berieben, sonst gut erhalten. - DSB 12, 25.
