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First edition. The Bohr-Einstein Debate Begins. First edition, rare in the original printed wrappers, of the proceedings of the fifth Solvay Congress, where the debate between Bohr and Einstein on the consistency and completeness of quantum mechanics began. It was at this, the most famous of the Solvay conferences, that Einstein, disenchanted with Heisenberg's uncertainly principle, made his famous remark that "God does not play dice," to which Niels Bohr replied, "Einstein, stop telling God what to do!" Seventeen of the twenty-nine attendees, which included nearly all the principal architects of the old and the new quantum theory, were or became Nobel Prize winners. "The three and a half years since the fourth Solvay Conference . were marked by enormous progress in quantum physics. Partly based on discoveries and ideas that had been available already before 1924 ? such as the Compton effect and matter waves ? the new atomic theory had arisen, which did more than throw new light on the difficulties discussed at the 1924 conference: quantum or wave mechanics went right to the heart of the problems posed by atomic phenomena. The two subjects put programmatically into the title of the fifth Solvay Conference ? electrons and photons ? designated the crucial points of interest, because 'electrons' also stood for the smallest, massive constituents of matter, and they now became associated with waves, and 'photons' (a name given only recently, in October 1926 by the physical chemist Gilbert N. Lewis, to Einstein's light-quanta) characterized the quantum-theoretical aspect of electromagnetic radiation. It was the declared intention of the Scientific Committee of the Institut International dePhysique Solvay to contribute by scientific reports and discussions about them to the clarification of the scientific concepts in the physics of the day. In retrospect, one may indeed attribute an important success to the 1927 Solvay Conference in marking the completion of the ideas that had first been discussed in the international physics community sixteen years previously at the first Solvay Conference of 1911" (Mehra & Rechenberg, pp. 233-4). Following a 'Notice nécrologique' by Lorentz, the present volume contains the following reports, and discussions about them by the participants (all articles in French): 'The Intensity of the Reflection of X-rays,' by Bragg; 'Disagreement between Experience and the Electromagnetic Theory of Radiation,' by Compton; 'The New Dynamics of Quanta,' by de Broglie; 'The Mechanics of Quanta,' by Born and Heisenberg; 'The Mechanics of Waves,' by Schrödinger; 'The Quantum Postulate and the New Development of Atomic Theory,' by Bohr. No copies located in auction records. In 1911 the Belgian industrialist Ernest Solvay invited a group of the world's most prominent physicists, including Einstein, Planck, Lorentz, Sommerfeld, Rutherford and Marie Curie, to participate in a scientific conference on the difficulties of reconciling classical physics with quantum theory. The conference "set the style for a new type of scientific meetings, in which a select group of the most well informed experts in a given field would meet to discuss the problems at its frontiers, and would seek to define the steps for their solution" (Mehra, Solvay Conferences, p. xv). The first Solvay Conference-widely considered a turning point in the history of modern physics-was so successful that in the following year Solvay established a foundation, now known as the International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, "to encourage the researches which would extend and deepen the knowledge of natural phenomena" (ibid.) and to sponsor further conferences. The next two Solvay Conferences met in 1913 and 1921; subsequent conferences have been held every three years except during wartime. "From amongst the members of the Scientific Committee [of the 1927 Congress], two had already played a leading role in 1911: the Chairman Hendrik Lorentz and Albert Einstein; th.…