osterlind steven (32 Ergebnisse)

Hardcover. Zustand: Fair. Illustrated. The item might be beaten up but readable. May contain markings or highlighting, as well as stains, bent corners, or any other major defect, but the text is not obscured in any way.

Zustand: Good. Pages intact with minimal writing/highlighting. The binding may be loose and creased. Dust jackets/supplements are not included. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Paperback. Zustand: Very Good. No Jacket. May have limited writing in cover pages. Pages are unmarked. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

Hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. No Jacket. May have limited writing in cover pages. Pages are unmarked. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

Hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. No Jacket. May have limited writing in cover pages. Pages are unmarked. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

Zustand: Very Good. 1st Edition. Pages intact with possible writing/highlighting. Binding strong with minor wear. Dust jackets/supplements may not be included. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Zustand: Good. 1st Edition. Former library copy. Pages intact with minimal writing/highlighting. The binding may be loose and creased. Dust jackets/supplements are not included. Includes library markings. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. No Jacket. Former library book; May have limited writing in cover pages. Pages are unmarked. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

Zustand: Good. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library, so some wear and internal barcode may have been clipped, but in good overall condition. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions.

Zustand: Very Good. 2 Edition. Pages intact with possible writing/highlighting. Binding strong with minor wear. Dust jackets/supplements may not be included. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Zustand: Very Good. Item in good condition. Textbooks may not include supplemental items i.e. CDs, access codes etc.

Zustand: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. In good all round condition. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item,200grams, ISBN:0803919891.

Paperback. Zustand: Good. No Jacket. Former library book; Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: Very Good. Former library copy. Pages intact with possible writing/highlighting. Binding strong with minor wear. Dust jackets/supplements may not be included. Includes library markings. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Hardcover. Zustand: Brand New. 339 pages. 9.25x6.25x1.00 inches. In Stock.

Paperback. Zustand: Brand New. 2nd edition. 96 pages. 8.50x5.50x0.25 inches. In Stock.

Paperback. Zustand: Brand New. illustrated edition. 88 pages. 8.75x5.50x0.25 inches. In Stock.

Zustand: New.

Gebunden. Zustand: New. The Error of Truth recounts the astonishing and unexpected tale of how quantitative thinking came to be, and considers how seeing the world through a quantitate lens has shaped our perception of the world we live in.The Error of Truth recounts .

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Constructing Test Items | Steven J. Osterlind | Taschenbuch | Evaluation in Education and Human Services | 368 S. | Englisch | 2011 | Springer | EAN 9789401069717 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, juergen[dot]hartmann[at]springer[dot]com | Anbieter: preigu.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - 1 What Is Constructing Test Items .- What This Book Is About.- Four Major Issues in Item Construction.- Type of Items Addressed.- Types of Items Not Covered.- Criteria for Material Included.- Major Purposes Of This Book.- Goal for This Book.- Standardizing Editorial Guidelines for Writing Items.- Other Purposes.- Why This Information Is Important.- Persons For Whom This Book Is Intended.- Two Groups of Item Writers.- Other Groups Who May Use This Information.- Overview Of The Remaining Chapters.- How To Approach the Chapters.- 2 Definition, Purpose, And Characteristics of Items.- Defining A Test Item.- The Definition of an Item.- Understanding the Definition.- Test Item Nomenclature.- No Current Uniform Terminology.- The Term Test Item.- The Examinee.- Specifying Item Formats.- Writing Samples, Exercises, and Essay-Type Questions.- Types of Item Formats.- Terms for Parts of the Test Item.- Terms Used in Scoring Test Items.- Putting Together the Parts of an Item.- Purpose For Test Items.- Psychological Theory as Background to Items.- Items as Measures of Constructs.- Constructs Exist for All Persons.- Criteria For Good Test Items.- Difficulty of Establishing Criteria.- Accepted Criteria for Good Items.- Assumptions For Test Items.- Assumptions as Theoretical Background to Constructing Items.- The Assumption of Unidimensionality for Items.- The Assumption of Local Independence for Items.- The Assumption of Items Characteristic Curves.- The Importance of the Assumptions.- Classification Of Items.- Understanding How Examinees Respond To Items.- Conclusion.- 3 Determining the Content For Items: Validity.- Basic Concepts of Validity.- Understanding Validity.- A Complete Definition of Validity.- Construct-Related Evidence for Validity.- The Relationship Between Constructing Test Items and Validity.- Abetting Validity in the Item Construction Process.- Documenting the Item-Construction Steps.- Conditions For Items To Contribute To Validity.- Defining a Test¿s Purpose.- Devising Specifications for Tests and Items.- Content-Related Evidence for Validity.- Initial Considerations When Selecting Content For Items.- The Relationship Between Tests and Curriculum.- Modern Goal Conception.- Achieving Clarity In A Test¿s Content.- Importance of Specificity in Content.- Examples of Clearly Defined Content.- Developing Test Content Specifications.- Planning for Test Content Specifications.- Researchers¿ Work in Promoting Clarity of Content.- Establishing a Table of Test Content Specifications.- Alternative Ways to Present Test Content Specifications.- The Test Developer¿s Responsibility for Preparing Test Content Specifications.- Melding Cognitive Processing Levels With Items Content.- Identifying Levels of Cognitive Processing.- Difficulty of Using Bloom¿s Taxonomy to Write Items.- The Framework for Instructional Objectives Taxonomy.- Test Item Specifications.- The Role of Test Item Specifications.- Caution Against Making Test Item Specifications Too Prescriptive.- Making An Item Consistent With Its Specification.- The Importance of Item-Objective Congruence.- Practice in Determining Congruence.- Conclusion.- 4 Starting To Write Items: Practical Considerations.- The Importance Of Good Writing In Test Items.- Sources For Information On Writing Style.- Computer Dictionaries and Thesauruses.- Using Taxonomies In Writing Items.- Writing Items at the Higher Taxonomic Levels.- Independence of Subject Matter from Cognitive Processing Level.- Suggestions for Writing Items with Other Cognitive Processing Taxonomies.- Distinctness Between Stem and Response Alternatives.- Importance Of An Interrogative Stem.- Determining The Correct Response For Test Items.- Absolutely-Correct Type Test Items.- Best-Answer Items.- Determining Which Response Is Best.- A Technique for Judging Items.- Difficulty in Writing Best-Answer Items.- Determining The Optimal Number Of Response Alternatives.- Making Response Alternatives Plausible.- Number of Distractors and Highly Able Examinees.- Humorous Distractors.- Use Of All Of The Above Or None Of The Above As Response Alternatives.- Advantages of All Of The Above Or None Of The Above.- Cautions With All Of The Above Or None Of The Above.- Special Circumstances with All of the Above.- All Of The Above Or None Of The Above and Item Difficulty.- Using Specific Determiners In Test Items.- Constructing Complex Response Alternatives.- Time Examinees Need To Respond To Items.- Conclusion.- 5 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in the Multiple-Choice Format.- Understanding The Multiple-Choice Item Format.- Advantages and Criticisms Of Items In The Multiple-Choice Format.- Strengths of the Format.- Criticisms of the Multiple-Choice Format.- Editorial Format For Items.- Description of Editorial Style.- Sources for Learning Editorial Style.- Editorial Style for Graphics.- Avoiding Biases in Language.- Sources for Specialized Editorial Circumstances.- Using Directions Correctly.- Description of Directions.- Rules for Directions.- Specialized Style Rules For Multiple-Choice Items.- Avoid Repetition in Options.- Omit Articles in Options.- Handling Measurement Units.- Use of Third Person.- Italics and Boldface.- What and Which.- Ordering Response Alternatives.- Aligning Numerals.- Type Characteristics and Page Layout.- Importance of Appearance.- Suggested Typefaces for Items.- Suggested Type Size for Items.- Placing Passage and Graphic Dependent Items Together.- Conclusion.- 6 Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines For Items in Other Common Formats.- Precision In Wording, Again.- Understanding Items In The True-False Format.- Advantages of the True-False Format.- Criticisms of the True-False Format.- Comparison of True-False and Multiple-Choice Items.- Rules for Presenting True-False Items.- Understanding Items In The Matching Format.- Cautions for Matching Items.- Directions for Matching Items.- Understanding Short-Answer An.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Constructing Test Items | Multiple-Choice, Constructed-Response, Performance and Other Formats | Steven J. Osterlind | Taschenbuch | ix | Englisch | 2013 | Springer Netherland | EAN 9789401740999 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, juergen[dot]hartmann[at]springer[dot]com | Anbieter: preigu.

Gebundene Ausgabe. Zustand: Sehr gut. Gebraucht - Sehr gut SG - 2.Ed, ungelesenes Mängelexemplar, gestempelt, mit leichten Lagerspuren - Constructing test items for standardized tests of achievement, ability, and aptitude is a task of enormous importance. The interpretability of a test's scores flows directly from the quality of its items and exercises. Concomitant with score interpretability is the notion that including only carefully crafted items on a test is the primary method by which the skilled test developer reduces unwanted error variance, or errors of measurement, and thereby increases a test score's reliability. The aim of this entire book is to increase the test constructor's awareness of this source of measurement error, and then to describe methods for identifying and minimizing it during item construction and later review.Persons involved in assessment are keenly aware of the increased attention given to alternative formats for test items in recent years. Yet, in many writers' zeal to be `curriculum-relevant' or `authentic' or `realistic', the items are often developed seemingly without conscious thought to the interpretations that may be garnered from them. This book argues that the format for such alternative items and exercises also requires rigor in their construction and even offers some solutions, as one chapter is devoted to these alternative formats. This book addresses major issues in constructing test items by focusing on four ideas. First, it describes the characteristics and functions of test items. A second feature of this book is the presentation of editorial guidelines for writing test items in all of the commonly used item formats, including constructed-response formats and performance tests. A third aspect of this book is the presentation of methods for determining the quality of test items. Finally, this book presents a compendium of important issues about test items, including procedures for ordering items in a test, ethical and legal concerns over using copyrighted test items, item scoring schemes, computer-generated items and more.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Constructing test items for standardized tests of achievement, ability, and aptitude is a task of enormous importance. The interpretability of a test's scores flows directly from the quality of its items and exercises. Concomitant with score interpretability is the notion that including only carefully crafted items on a test is the primary method by which the skilled test developer reduces unwanted error variance, or errors of measurement, and thereby increases a test score's reliability. The aim of this entire book is to increase the test constructor's awareness of this source of measurement error, and then to describe methods for identifying and minimizing it during item construction and later review. Persons involved in assessment are keenly aware of the increased attention given to alternative formats for test items in recent years. Yet, in many writers' zeal to be `curriculum-relevant' or `authentic' or `realistic', the items are often developed seemingly without conscious thought to the interpretations that may be garnered from them. This book argues that the format for such alternative items and exercises also requires rigor in their construction and even offers some solutions, as one chapter is devoted to these alternative formats. This book addresses major issues in constructing test items by focusing on four ideas. First, it describes the characteristics and functions of test items. A second feature of this book is the presentation of editorial guidelines for writing test items in all of the commonly used item formats, including constructed-response formats and performance tests. A third aspect of this book is the presentation of methods for determining the quality of test items. Finally, this book presents a compendium of important issues about test items, including procedures for ordering items in a test, ethical and legal concerns over using copyrighted test items, item scoring schemes, computer-generateditems and more.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Constructing test items for standardized tests of achievement, ability, and aptitude is a task of enormous importance. The interpretability of a test's scores flows directly from the quality of its items and exercises. Concomitant with score interpretability is the notion that including only carefully crafted items on a test is the primary method by which the skilled test developer reduces unwanted error variance, or errors of measurement, and thereby increases a test score's reliability. The aim of this entire book is to increase the test constructor's awareness of this source of measurement error, and then to describe methods for identifying and minimizing it during item construction and later review. Persons involved in assessment are keenly aware of the increased attention given to alternative formats for test items in recent years. Yet, in many writers' zeal to be `curriculum-relevant' or `authentic' or `realistic', the items are often developed seemingly without conscious thought to the interpretations that may be garnered from them. This book argues that the format for such alternative items and exercises also requires rigor in their construction and even offers some solutions, as one chapter is devoted to these alternative formats. This book addresses major issues in constructing test items by focusing on four ideas. First, it describes the characteristics and functions of test items. A second feature of this book is the presentation of editorial guidelines for writing test items in all of the commonly used item formats, including constructed-response formats and performance tests. A third aspect of this book is the presentation of methods for determining the quality of test items. Finally, this book presents a compendium of important issues about test items, including procedures for ordering items in a test, ethical and legal concerns over using copyrighted test items, item scoring schemes, computer-generateditems and more.