osmosis (14 Ergebnisse)

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(Paris, Crochard, 1835). No wrappers. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago.", 2e Series, tome 60, Cahier 4. Pp. 337-448 (entire issue offered). With htitle to vol. 60. Dutrochet's paper: pp. 337-368. First appearance of one of the classic papers in which Dutrochet investigated his discovery of OSMOSIS. "Dutrochet?s research on the phenomena of osmosis and diffusion (or endosmosis and exosmosis, as he not very aptly called them) and their applications to the study of previously unexplained vital phenomena attracted general attention. His chief observation was that certain organic membranes allow the passage of water but stop the molecules dissolved in it, so that between two solutions of different concentration, separated by such a membrane, water passes from the less concentrated to the more concentrated, even against gravity. Although the conditions of Dutrochet?s experiments were rather simple and did not allow of great accuracy, he made the first important steps toward the study of osmosis and diffusion."(DSB).Garrison & Morton: 670.

(London, Harrison and Sons, 1879). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1879 - Vol. 170 - Part II. Pp. 727-845 and 3 plates. The plates slightly brownspotted, otehrwise fine and clean. First printing of this classic paper on "thermal respiration" in which Reynolds explains how some of the movements of the vanes in Crookes' Radiometer can be accounted for. "The correct solution to the problem (the problem of finding the cause of the movement of the vanes in Crooke's radiometer) was provided qualitatively by Osborne Reynolds, better remembered for the "Reynolds number". Early in 1879 Reynolds submitted a paper to the Royal Society in which he considered what he called "thermal transpiration", and also discussed the theory of the radiometer. By "thermal transpiration", Reynolds meant the flow of gas through porous plates caused by a temperature difference on the two sides of the plates. If the gas is initially at the same pressure on the two sides, it flows from the colder to the hotter side, resulting in a higher pressure on the hotter side if the plates cannot move. Equilibrium is reached when the ratio of pressures on either side is the square root of the ratio of absolute temperatures. This counterintuitive result is due to tangential forces between the gas molecules and the sides of the narrow pores in the plates. The effect of these thermomolecular forces is very similar to the thermomechanical effects of superfluid liquid helium. This liquid, which lacks all viscosity, will climb the sides of its container towards a warmer region. In fact, this form of liquid helium climbs so quickly up the sides of a thin capillary tube dipped into it, that a fountain is produced at the tube's other end."(Philip Gibbs).

Paris, Crochard, 1827. Without wrappers. In: Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago.", Tome 35 (last issue). Halftitle to vol. 35. Pp. 337-400. Dutrochet's paper: pp. 393-400. Some browning to halftitle. Some scattred brownspots. First appearance of Dutrochet's famous paper in which he coined the terms 'endosmosis' and 'exosmosis', describing the process by which water passes through a membrane from a solution on the one side to another solution on the other side. This pressure, due to the passage of water has been called "osmotic". His conclusion, that the pressure is proportional to the concentration of the solution was confirmed by Karl Vierordt in 1848."In 1827, the French physiologist R.J.H. Dutrochet carried out experiments to demonstrate and measure the diffusion of a liquid through a membrane, or 'Osmosis' as it is now called. Dutrochet showed that when a glass tube, filled with salt solution and closed by a piece of pig's bladder, is immersed vertically in water, water passes through the membrane into the tube until the level of liquid in the tube is considerably higher than teh level of the water outside."(Taton "Science in the 19th century", p.256)Garrison & Morton No 670. - Gedeon: 63.2 (ref. to a paper from 1828).