james clark maxwell (26 Ergebnisse)

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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Colonial Days' offers a glimpse into the daily lives and customs of early American settlers. Through vivid descriptions and historical details, James Maxwell Clark brings to life the challenges and triumphs of those who shaped the foundations of the United States. Explore the social structures, traditions, and significant events that defined the colonial period. From farming and trade to education and religion, this book provides a comprehensive overview of life in 17th- and 18th-century America. Discover the stories of the men, women, and children who built a new world, and gain a deeper appreciation for the rich history of the United States. A valuable resource for students and history enthusiasts alike, 'Colonial Days' captures the spirit and resilience of the colonial era.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Colonial Days' offers a glimpse into the daily lives and customs of early American settlers. Through vivid descriptions and historical details, James Maxwell Clark brings to life the challenges and triumphs of those who shaped the foundations of the United States. Explore the social structures, traditions, and significant events that defined the colonial period. From farming and trade to education and religion, this book provides a comprehensive overview of life in 17th- and 18th-century America. Discover the stories of the men, women, and children who built a new world, and gain a deeper appreciation for the rich history of the United States. A valuable resource for students and history enthusiasts alike, 'Colonial Days' captures the spirit and resilience of the colonial era.

Dt. Erstauflage. VIII, 324 Seiten, mit 41 Holzschnitten. Hier die Erstausgabe der wichtigen physikalischen Arbeit Maxwells in der Übersetzung von F. Auerbach. Aus dem Inhalt der Arbeit: Messung und Wirkung der inneren Kräfte. Die Isothermen. Adiabatische Linien. Wärmemaschinen. Thermodynamische Beziehungen. Latente Wärme. Thermodynamik der Gase. Über die wesentliche Energie eines Systems. Freie Ausdehnung. Exkurs über Wellenbeweagung. Stralung (Strahlung). Strömungserscheinungen durch Wärmewirkung. Wärmeleitung. Diffusion. Capillarität. Elasticität und Zähigkeit. Moleculartheorie. Sprache: Deutsch [Physik, Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Forschung, Forscher, Physiker] Gr.-8°, 16 x 23,5 cm, kart., unbeschnitten, keine Vorbesitzereinträge, bis auf die geringe Randbräunung des Papiers und kleinere zeittypische Mängel, von guter sammelwürdiger Erhaltung.

Third edition revised throughout and greatly enlarged hard back binding in deep burgundy leather bound by Spottiswoode and Co. Ltd., rebacked preserving the parts of the original gilt labels, Eton College crest and parallel lines to both the front and rear covers, all page edges gilt, marble paper end papers. Thick 8vo. 9'' x 6¼''. Contains [xxv] + 3; 640 pages with illustrations by P. H. Delamotte, a steel engraving by C. H. Jeens, etc. 4 colour plates and many wood engravings to the text, includes a colour fold out plan of Eton, errata leaf. Sir Henry Churchill Maxwell Lyte was educated at Eton 1861-1865 (The Reverend Francis Furse Vidal's House). Two inscriptions to the second front free end paper Firstly: 'Hilary Philip Chadwyck-Healey from Francis Hay Rawlins, Eton 1906', secondly ' This book - together with a silver napkin ring - was presented to James John Harper Clark by the Chadwyck-Healey family in gratitude for his friendship with Hilary Philip Chadwyck-Healey who died 30th March 1976. John Chadwyck-Healey, 30th July 1976.' Member of the P.B.F.A. ETON (Old Etonians).

Kartoniert / Broschiert. Zustand: New. Der schottische Physiker James Clark Maxwell (1831-1879) gilt als der Naturwissenschaftler des 19. Jahrhunderts mit dem groessten Einfluss auf die theoretische und experimentelle Physik des 20. Jahrhunderts. James Clark Maxwell studierte Naturphilosophie, Mor.

Softcover. Zustand: Wie neu. Zwei Broschuren, 524/518 Seiten, Reprint der Originalausgabe von 1891,

London, Taylor and Francis, 1879. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 12. Fine and clean. Pp. 547-570. First appearance of Maxwell's paper on Boltzmann's theorem on the average distribution of motion, in which he showed that when a material system has arrived at that steady distribution of motion among its parts which corresponds in real bodies to thermal equilibrium, the energy of the internal motion for any portion of the system is proportional to the number of degrees of freedom of that portion.

London, Taylor and Francis, 1879. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 12" Title-page of vol. 12 withbound. A fine copy. Pp. (2), 547-570. First appearance of Maxwell's paper on Boltzmann's theorem on the average distribution of motion, in which he showed that when a material system has arrived at that steady distribution of motion among its parts which corresponds in real bodies to thermal equilibrium, the energy of the internal motion for any portion of the system is proportional to the number of degrees of freedom of that portion.

(London, Taylor and Francis, 1872). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In "Proceedings of the Royal Society", Vol. XX [20], No. 132. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with light soiling and minor chipping with some loss to extremities, not affecting text. Fine and clean. Pp. 160-17. [Entire volume: 135-197]. First printing of Maxwell's paper in which he seeks to: "determine the currents which are induced in an infinite plate of uniform conductivity and infinitethickness, and in a sphere or spherical shell of any thickness when in the presence of a varying magnetic system: and in any of these bodies When rotating near a constant magnetic system, round an axis which is normal to the faces of the plate or passes through the centre" (From the introduction to the present paper".

Edinburgh, Sutherland & Knox, 1855, 8°, XX, 180 pp., Leinenband d.Zt.; Einband etwas fleckig, innen frisches Expl. FIRST EDITION "THE FIRST BOOK ON COLOR-BLINDNESS," ALSO CONTAINING THE FIRST PRINTING OF MAXWELL'S THEORY OF COLOURS Wilson's groundbreaking work "on color-blindness and the most important monograph on the subject," also containing James Clerk Maxwell's major early work on physiological optics, On the Theory of Colours, 1855. George Wilson's Researches on Colour-Blindness is "the first book on color-blindness and the most important monograph on the subject. [as well as] the first in Britain publicly to point out the potential hazards of color-blindness in railwaymen and seamen" led to compulsory testing for colour-blindness in many critical jobs. Becker, p.422. In 1843 this Edinburgh professor began studying "color-blindness from a practical standpoint. Wilson's work was of great importance, as his constant aim was to direct attention to color-blindness in its connection with practical life" Jennings, Colour-Vision, pp. 4-5. "James Clerk Maxwell, then working at his colour-top, contributed an appendix to Wilson's book, of which he thought highly" (DNB). That printing of Maxwell's 'On the Theory of Colours '(pp.153-159) herein is "the first account of Maxwell's researches. [on] physiological optics". DSB "At the meeting of the British Association, held at Glasgow in September 1855, Maxwell. exhibited his Colour-Top. [and] renewed his intercourse with Wilson. [who] brought out immediately afterwards a little book on Colour-Blindness, in which the substance of his conversations with Maxwell is recorded," along with Maxwell's key essay. - Campbell, Lewis, The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, by his former schoolfellow and lifelong friend Professor Lewis Campbell, p.119 This is the first collected publication in book form of Wilson's influential work, incorporating revisions to papers that appeared "in the Edinburgh Monthly Journal [1853-4]. and continued in the Transactions of the Royal Society [1854-5]," including his "Supplement. On Railway and Ship Signals". DNB. George Wilson (1818 - 1859) Scottish chemist and author; Regius Professor of Technology at the University of Edinburgh, and the first Director of the Industrial Museum of Scotland. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics. His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the "second great unification in physics" after the first one realised by Isaac Newton. Waller 10343.

(London, Taylor & Francis, 1869) Large 4to. In recent blue wrappers with the title-page to vol. 158. Extracted from "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.", Vol. 158. Maxwell's paper: pp. 643-657. Clean and fine. First appearance of this major paper on electromagnetic dynamics, in which Maxwell improves the groundbreaking equations he had set forth in his famous paper of 1865, the "A dynamical Theory of Electro-Magnetic Fields". In the paper offered here, he for the first time proposed to base the electromagnetic theory of light solely on 2 equations. The paper is one of Maxwell's 5 most importent contributions to electromagnetism."Formulas for the forces between moving charged bodies may indeed de derived from Maxwell's equations, but the action is not along the line joining them and can be reconciled with a dynamical principle only by taking into account the exchange of momentum with the field. Maxwell remarked that the equations might be condensed, but "to eliminate a quantity which expresses a useful idea would be rather a loss than a gain in this stage of our enquiry." he had in fact simplified the equations in his fifth major paper, the short, but importent "Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light." (1868), writing them in an integral form without the function A, based on four postulates derived from electrical experiments. This may be called the electrical formulation of the theory, in contrast with the original dynamical formulation." (C.W.F. Everitt in DSB).

London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society", Volume 9. Fine and clean. Pp. (445)-470 + the pasted on title-page. First appearance Maxwell's important paper on the transformation of surfaces by bending in which there are clear links between this paper and his geometrical representation of 'lines of force' in his first paper on the theory of the electromagnetic field 'On Faraday's lines of force' which ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.

London, Taylor and Francis, 1864. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society", Volume 10. Fine and clean. Pp. (27)-83, (1) + the pasted on title-page. First appearance of Maxwell's landmark - and his very first published on electromagnetism - paper in which he anticipates many of the fundamental ideas presented in his famous four-part paper "On Physical Lines of Force" (1861-2) in which he derived the equations of electromagnetism. The present paper ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.Maxwell began his researches on electromagnetism following the completion of his studies at Cambridge in 1854. They were aimed at constructing, at a theoretical level, a unified mathematical theory of electric and magnetic phenomena that would express the methods and ideas of Faraday as an alternative to the theory of Weber." This programme was announced in his first article, 'On Faraday's lines of force', in 1856, and continued in two other major texts, 'On physical lines of force' in 1861-1862 and 'A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field' in 1865. According to a famous passage in its preface, the Treatise (1873) represented the outcome of this programme" (Landmark Writings, p. 569). "Maxwell's first paper, "On Faraday's Line of Force" (1855-1856), was divided into two parts, with supplementary) examples. Its origin may he traced in a long correspondence with Thomson, edited by Larmor in 1936. Part 1 was an exposition of the analogy between lines of force and streamlines in an incompressible fluid. It contained one notable extension to Thomson's treatment of the subject and also an illuminating opening discourse on the philosophical significance of analogies between different branches of physics. This was a theme to which Maxwell returned more than once. His biographers print in full an essay entitled "Analogies in Nature," which he read a few months later (February 1856) to the famous Apostles Club at Cambridge" this puts the subject in a wider setting and deserves careful reading despite its involved and cryptic style. Here, as elsewhere, Maxwell's metaphysical speculation discloses the influence of Sir William Hamilton, specifically of Hamilton's Kantian view that all human knowledge is of relations rather than of things. The use Maxwell saw in the method of analogy was twofold. It crossfertilized technique between different fields, and it served as a golden mean between analytic abstraction and the method of hypothesis. The essence of analogy (in contrast with identity) being partial resemblance, its limits must be recognized as clearly as its existence" yet analogies may help in guarding against too facile commitment to a hypothesis. The analogy of an electric current to two phenomena as different as conduction of heat and the motion of a fluid should, Maxwell later observed, prevent physicists from hastily assuming that "electricity is either a substance like water, or a state of agitation like heat. "The analogy is geometrical: "a similarity between relations, not a similarity between the things related." (DSB)The 1856 paper has been eclipsed by Maxwell's later work, but its originality and importance are greater than is usually thought. Besides interpreting Faraday's work and giving the electrotonic function, it contained the germ of a number of ideas which Maxwell was to revive or modify in 1868 and later an integral representation of the field equations (1868),the treatment of electrical action as analogous to the motion of an incompressible fluid (1869, 1873), the classification of vector functions into forces and fluxes (1870), and an interesting formal symmetry in the equations connecting A,

London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 9" Title-page of vol. 9 withbound. Title-page with traces after removed stamp. Pp. (2), 445-470. First appearance Maxwell's important paper on the transformation of surfaces by bending in which there are clear links between this paper and his geometrical representation of 'lines of force' in his first paper on the theory of the electromagnetic field 'On Faraday's lines of force' which ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.

London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. Title-page of vol. 157 pasted on to front wrapper. A fine copy. Pp. 49-88. First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from "Transactions"), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final "Theory of Gases" and introduces the "Maxwell Distribution" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.

(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In "Proceedings of the Royal Society", Vol. X [10], No. 39. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with a few brown spots, fine and clean. Pp. 404-408. [Entire issue: Pp. 319-494]. First printing of Maxwell's paper on a method of exhibiting the relations of colours."Maxwell worked on the generation of white light by mixing different colors and in 1860, published the paper On the Theory of Compound Colours and its Relations to the Colours of the. In this paper, he extended the work of Thomas Young who first postulated only three colors, red, green and violet are necessary to produce any color including white and not all the colors of the spectrum are necessary as first illustrated by Newton. He also incorporated Hermann G?nther Grassman's concept that there are three variables of color vision (spectral color, intensity of illumination and the degree of saturation). Maxwell showed that these color variables can be represented on a color diagram based on three primary colors. While Newton distinguished his principal colors from the painters triad of primary colors (red, yellow and blue), he supposed the identity of mixing rule for lights and pigments. Even though Helmholtz explained that the mixture of color lights is an additive process while the mixture of pigments is a subtractive process as illustrated in Figure 2, Maxwell made experiments and developed a complete theory to explain how this happens by creating a color triangle which was originally suggested by James David Forbes and illustrated that any color can be generated with a mixture of any three primary colors and that a normal eye has three sorts of receptors as illustrated in his 1861 paper On the Theory of Three Primary Colours. He chose the three primary colors as red, green, and blue." (Sarkar, Pp. 4-5). From 1855 to 1872, Maxwell published at intervals a series of valuable investigations concerning the perception of colour, colour-blindness and colour theory, for the earlier of which the Royal Society awarded him the Rumford Medal. The instruments which he devised for these investigations were simple and convenient to use. For example, Maxwell's discs were used to compare a variable mixture of three primary colours with a sample colour by observing the spinning "colour top.".

London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions", Vol. 157 - Part I. Titlepage to volume 155 and pp. 49-88. Titlepage with minor light browning at corners. Internally clean. A small stamp on verso of titlepage. First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from "Transactions"), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final "Theory of Gases" and introduces the "Maxwell Distribution" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.

(London, Taylor & Francis, 1869) Large 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.", Vol. 158. Maxwell's paper: pp. 643-657. Clean and fine, wide margins. First appearance of this major paper on electromagnetic dynamics, in which Maxwell improves the groundbreaking equations he had set forth in his famous paper of 1865, the "A dynamical Theory of Electro-Magnetic Fields". In the paper offered here, he for the first time proposed to base the electromagnetic theory of light solely on 2 equations. The paper is one of Maxwell's 5 most importent contributions to electromagnetism."Formulas for the forces between moving charged bodies may indeed de derived from Maxwell's equations, but the action is not along the line joining them and can be reconciled with a dynamical principle only by taking into account the exchange of momentum with the field. Maxwell remarked that the equations might be condensed, but "to eliminate a quantity which expresses a useful idea would be rather a loss than a gain in this stage of our enquiry." he had in fact simplified the equations in his fifth major paper, the short, but importent "Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light." (1868), writing them in an integral form without the function A, based on four postulates derived from electrical experiments. This may be called the electrical formulation of the theory, in contrast with the original dynamical formulation." (C.W.F. Everitt in DSB).

(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). No wrappers, as extracted from"Proceedings of the Royal Society". From November 19, 1863, to December 22, 1864, inclusive.", Vol. XIII. Pp 531-536. First printing of the first announcement of Maxwell unification of light-waves, electricity and magnetism, the most importent of the papers relating to his electromagnetic theory, in which he brought electro-magnetical phenomena on a clear mathematical form. The present paper is an abstract of the larger paper which was read to the Royal Academy in 1864, but only issued the year later (1865) in "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" , where it was printed in full, and as an abstract in "Philosophical Magazine" (1865)."A generation later Einstein's work on relativity was founded directly oupon Maxwell's electromagnetic theory" it was this that led him to equate Faraday with Galileo and Maxwell with Newton." (PMM No 355, but only the paper from 1865). - Dibner. Heralds of Science No 68 (1865 paper).

Proc. roy. Soc., 15 (1866/67). - London, Taylor and Francis, 1867, 8°, IX, (1), XLVII, 553 pp., Abbildungen, Tab., 11 Taf., Halbleinband. First print of James Clark Maxwell's (1831-1879 "mathematical theory of dynamo-machines". Wheeler No. 3553 Siemens, Carl Wilhelm (1823-1883): On the Conversion of Dynamical into Electrical Force without the aid of Permanent Magnetism (pp.367-369). "This paper is remarkable for the introduction of the cumulative principle in the generation of the powerful currents. The paper is dated Febr. 4, 1867, whilst that of Wheatstone announcing the same is dated Febr. 14." Wheeler No.3562 This paper was released in print before his first announcement read by Magnus "Über die Umwandlungskraft von Arbeitskraft in elektrischen Strom ohne Anwendung permanente Magnete" on the 17.Januar 1867 which wasn't published just in 1868 in the "Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin" . Wheatstone, Sir Charles (1802-1875): On the Augmentation of the Power of a Magnet by the reaction theron of Current induced by the Magnet itself (pp.369-372). "The cumulative principle in the production of powerful currents clearly enunciated." Wheeler Gift No.3570 Valery, Cromwell Fleetwood (1828-1883): On certain Points in the Theory of the Magneto-electric Machines of Wilde, Wheatstone, and Siemens (pp.403-404). "The remarks refer principally to the employment of shunts." Wheeler Ladd, William: On the Mangneto-electric Machine (pp.404-405). "Improvements made by the author on a Wilde machine." Wheeler Robinson, T. Romney (1792-1882): On the means of increasing the Quantity of Electricity given by Induction-Machines (pp.171-182). "Practical observations on the construction of induction-coils for the purpose of increasing the heating power of the discharge." Wheeler Gift No.3559 Siemens and Wheatstone dynamo (1867) - "The first practical designs for a dynamo were announced independently and simultaneously by Dr. Werner Siemens and Charles Wheatstone. On January 17, 1867, Siemens announced to the Berlin academy a "dynamo-electric machine" (first use of the term) which employed a self-powering electromagnetic armature. On the same day that this invention was announced to the Royal Society Charles Wheatstone read a paper describing a similar design with the difference that in the Siemens design the armature was in series with the rotor, but in Wheatstone's design it was in parallel. The use of electromagnets rather than permanent magnets greatly increases the power output of a dynamo and enabled high power generation for the first time. This invention led directly to the first major industrial uses of electricity. For example, in the 1870s Siemens used electromagnetic dynamos to power electric arc furnaces for the production of metals and other materials." wiki Please see: Otto Mahr, Die Entstehung der Dynamomaschine (1941), pp.129-149.