howard bay (19 Ergebnisse)

Hardcover. Zustand: Good. No Jacket. Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

Hardcover. Zustand: Good. No Jacket. Pages can have notes/highlighting. Spine may show signs of wear. ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less.

Zustand: Good. First Edition. states. Former library copy. Pages intact with minimal writing/highlighting. The binding may be loose and creased. Dust jackets/supplements are not included. Includes library markings. Stock photo provided. Product includes identifying sticker. Better World Books: Buy Books. Do Good.

paperback. Zustand: Good.

Hardcover. Zustand: Good. Good paperback. Pages are clean and unmarked. Covers show light edge wear with rubbing. Slightly bumped corners.; 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed! Ships same or next business day!

Soft cover. Zustand: Very Good. No Jacket. 1st Edition. Very good condition. Spine tips are worn with a two inch tear at top of spine. Front cover fore edge is bumped. Price written on front cover. Montgomery Clift and Edmund Gwenn on front cover. Contains A Portfolio of Scene Design. 63 pages.

hardcover. Zustand: Acceptable. Please see the condition note after this for details, if this is missing please consider Acceptable to mean poor quality that could include major staining, water damage, writing, missing dustjacket, etc etc. Our books are dispatched from a Yorkshire former cotton mill. We list via barcode/ISBN so please note that the images are stock images and may not be the exact copy you receive, furthermore the details about edition and year might not be accurate as many publishers reuse the same ISBN for multiple editions and as we simply scan a barcode or enter an ISBN we do not check the validity of the edition data when listing. If you're looking for an exact edition please don't order (at least not without checking with us first, although we don't always have time to check). We aim to dispatch prompty, the service used will depend on order value and book size. We can ship to most countries, see our shipping policies. Payment is via Abe only.

Hardcover. Zustand: Good. First edition without jacket on blue cloth ex libris with usual markings will send out 1 st class post - rare and collectable.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in red on tracing paper on board.'Peignot style lettering.' 22 x 14.5 inches sheet size."Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. 2 color letterpress on board. 22 x 14 inches."Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 6 colors on board 22 x 14 inches."Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 4 colors on board 17 x 12 inches. 11 x 7 inches image."Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 3 colors on board. 13;5 x 8.5 inches."Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 7 colors on paper mounted on board.'22 x 14 inches "Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 7 colors on paper mounted on board.'22 x 14 inches "Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 8 colors on board.'22 x 14 inches "Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 7 colors on board. 70 x 51 cm. Witold Gordon was a Polish-born American Art Deco painter best known for his murals in Radio City Music Hall completed in 1932. He painted a 6,000 square foot mural for the 1939 New York World's Fair and a series of New Yorker covers depicting the city in its recent past. He also designed the poster for the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! .Gordon was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1885 and studies at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. After he finished his studies, he moved to New York. He worked with Donald Deskey in the design of Radio City Music Hall where two of his murals are exhibited. He illustrated books, and designed the poster for the Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY in 1933. In 1939 he created a painting for the New York Worlds' Fair. He traveled throughout the South and produced a series of paintings with the name "American Scene" which was exhibited in 1941 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. During his travels he painted in Gouache storefronts and housefronts that he felt showed the true face of America. In 1934 he was commissioned by Conde Nast to paint a series of "New York Shops" (New York Shops you Never See) which were published in Vanity Fair Magazine in July of 1934. In 1932 when Georgia O'Keefe accepted the commission to paint a mural in the Ladies' Room in Radio City Music Hall and abandoned it at the advice of her husband, Alfred Steiglitz who said "Ms. O'Keefe does NOT do bathrooms!", Witold Gordon was given the commission and painted two murals for Deskey's masterpiece.Witold Gordon died in 1968.(1943)."Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Zustand: Good. Gouache in 4 colors on board.66 x 48 cm. Witold Gordon was a Polish-born American Art Deco painter best known for his murals in Radio City Music Hall completed in 1932. He painted a 6,000 square foot mural for the 1939 New York World's Fair and a series of New Yorker covers depicting the city in its recent past. He also designed the poster for the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! .Gordon was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1885 and studies at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. After he finished his studies, he moved to New York. He worked with Donald Deskey in the design of Radio City Music Hall where two of his murals are exhibited. He illustrated books, and designed the poster for the Olympic Games in Lake Placid, NY in 1933. In 1939 he created a painting for the New York Worlds' Fair. He traveled throughout the South and produced a series of paintings with the name "American Scene" which was exhibited in 1941 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. During his travels he painted in Gouache storefronts and housefronts that he felt showed the true face of America. In 1934 he was commissioned by Conde Nast to paint a series of "New York Shops" (New York Shops you Never See) which were published in Vanity Fair Magazine in July of 1934. In 1932 when Georgia O'Keefe accepted the commission to paint a mural in the Ladies' Room in Radio City Music Hall and abandoned it at the advice of her husband, Alfred Steiglitz who said "Ms. O'Keefe does NOT do bathrooms!", Witold Gordon was given the commission and painted two murals for Deskey's masterpiece.Witold Gordon died in 1968.(1943)."Free men cannot start a war, but once it is started, they can fight on in defeat. Herd men, followers of a leader, cannot do that, and so it is always the herd men who win battles and the free men who win wars."? John Steinbeck, The Moon Is Down.The Moon is Down was John Steinbeck's second attempt at writing a novel in play form (Of Mice and Men was his first). It was composed while on assignment from the Foreign Information Service, a division of the Office of Strategic Services charged with combating Nazi propaganda. His original story, depicting a small American town invaded by enemy troops, was rejected by the FIS, who feared that it might demoralize the civilian public. In his revised manuscript, published by Viking in 1942, Steinbeck kept the same plot but set it in an unnamed Scandinavian town rather than the United States. Despite mixed critical reception, the book was a remarkable public success, outselling The Grapes of Wrath two-to-one in pre-publication; it would eventually pass through 76 editions. Shortly after publication, the producer Oscar Serlin purchased the dramatic rights to The Moon is Down (Herman Shumlin initially bought them but passed them on, saying he "did not care for [The Moon is Down's] politics." Serlin, known for his production of "Life with Father," accepted the challenge, believing Steinbeck's play would attract a large audience. "The Moon is Down" premiered on Broadway in April 1942, starring Otto Kruger as Colonel Lanser and Ralph Morgan as Mayor Orden. Like the novel before it, the play was publicly adored but critically lambasted. Life magazine reported that it was "trumpeted louder than any literary event of the season," while the critical consensus was that "Steinbeck was too easy on the Germans, too optimistic about the ultimate victory of the Allies, [and ultimately] too moralistic." Despite its initial Broadway run lasting only nine weeks, the play was immensely successful on the road and abroad, especially in London and Stockholm. Rather surprisingly, it was nominated for Best Play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle and placed second.Provenance: From the estate of producer Oscar Serlin.

Hardcover. Very good. Some discoloration on verso. A few minor margin splits stabilized. Size 24.5 x 17.25 Inches. This is a c. 1912 promotional real estate broadside, consisting of excerpts from the Brooklyn Daily Eagle , promoting the Jamaica Bay Improvement Plan and associated developments around Jamaica Bay, New York City. The broadside illustrates ambitious plans to dredge Jamaica Bay, turning it into a massive seaport. Work on this project was underway but was terminated when the U.S. entered into World War I (1914 - 1918). A Closer Look The recto contains a bird's-eye view (drawn by Arthur H. Heiser) that originally appeared in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle in April 1910. It illustrates Brooklyn and much of Queens, facing westwards towards Manhattan and the Bronx. The view depicts an imagined scene of what Jamaica Bay might look like once the seaport project reached compleation. The proposed development of 'Howard Estates' is highlighted, while an arc is traced through the city, noting real estate prices in different areas, with the implication being that the property value along Jamaica Bay would soon match or exceed that elsewhere in the city. The recto similarly borrows from a January 1912 illustration in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle that provides another perspective on the proposed harbor plan, this time as discussed by Ports Commissioner Calvin Tomkins, again with Howard Estates highlighted, though this time including a representation of the actual current state of the Bay as a shallow estuary filled with marshes. The Jamaica Bay Improvement Plan The Jamaica Bay Improvement Plan in the early 20th century was a major series of engineering and urban development projects aimed at enhancing the infrastructure, water management, and economic potential of the Jamaica Bay area in New York City, on the border of Brooklyn and Queens. The Army Corps of Engineers had conceived plans to dredge the Rockaway Inlet as early as 1886, but the plan was not pursued, given the remoteness of the area at the time. However, in the following decades, as New York City grew and was consolidated as the five boroughs, demand for increased port facilities seemed to justify such a project. In 1910, the idea of a seaport was revived as part of the wider New York State Canal System, meant to replace the Erie Canal. A pier was built, and dredging work began but proved difficult amid the fickle sand and tides of the Bay; the Long Island Railroad built a station and small spur line in anticipation of the project's ultimate completion, and some businesses and housing began springing up, with the same anticipation. A great deal of progress had been made by 1918, but the U.S. entry into the First World War suddenly halted the project after priorities shifted. In the late 1920s, the project was revived and gained political and financial support at the city, state, and federal level, with the LIRR again making plans to build considerable facilities in the area. But New Jersey was deeply opposed to the plan given its own developing port facilities, and the already powerful Robert Moses (at this time New York City Parks Commissioner) disliked the project and had Jamaica Bay designated as a park, effectively killing the port plan. For its part, Howard Estates never developed as intended either. The glove manufacturer William J. Howard had a goat farm in the area (which provided leather for the gloves), but he realized its potential as a real estate development and formed the Howard Estates Development Co. in 1909. Undertaking his own dredging work, streets were laid out, utilities connected, and a distinct neighborhood formed by the mid-1910s. However, the area did not see true urban development until the post-World War II period, by which time it was known by the less grandiloquent name Howard Beach. Meanwhile, the east and southern coasts of the Bay never developed the industrial facilities seen here. A portion of the Bay (seen here at the right) was later filled in to creat.