His first paper (4 Ergebnisse)

Leipzig, Barth, 1881. 8vo. No wrappers. In: "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann", Neue Folge, Bd. XIII. No. 7. With titlepage to Bd. XIII. Pp. (385-) 544 a. 1 plate. (Entire issue offered). Planck's paper: pp. 535-543. Stamp to titlepage and verso of. Clean and fine. First apperance of Planck's first scientific paper, not to mention his dissertation and his habilitationsschrift (1880).Akademie No. 3.…

London, W. Nicholson, 1808. Contemp. hcalf, but clothbacked later. Corners bumped. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. In: "A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts. By William Nicholson. Vol. XXI. VIII,384,(8) pp. a. 10 engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Avogadro's paper: pp. 278-290. Internally clean. First English edition of Avogadro's first printed paper (originally in Journal de Physique LXIII, 1806). It deals with electricity. "He considered the state of a nonconductor placed between two oppositely charged elementary layers. If there was air between two charged bodies, it would become charged. In the later terminology of Faraday the claim could be made that Avogadro had some conception of the polarization of dielectrics." (DSB). …

Berlin, G. Reimer, 1847. Contemp. hcalf, profusely gilt spine. Light wear along edges. XXXII,622 pp. In: "Fortschritte der Physik im Jahre 1845. Dargestellt von der physikalischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin". I. Jahrgang. Redigirt von G. Karsten. XXXII,622 pp. A stamp on titlepage. Helmholtz's paper: pp. 346-355. Clean and fine. First appearance of this milestone paper which represents the first, and most importent, step towards his great work laid down in "Über die Erhaltung der Kraft", 1847. This is Helmholtz' FIRST PAPER ON THE CONSERVATION OF FORCE"At the beginning of October, 1846, Helnmholtz sent a 'Report on Work done on the Theory of Animal Heat for 1845', at du Bois' request, to the "Fortschritte der Physik", issued by the Physical Society. (the paper offered). This was merely an abstract from the article in the Encyclopaedic Dictionary.BUT IT ANTICIPATES MORE DEFINITELY THE CONDCLUSIONS OF HIS GREAT WORK. He states without hesitation that the material theory of heat is no longer tenable, and that a kinetic theory must be substituted for it, since heat originates in mechanical forces, either directly by friction, or indirectly from an electrical current produced by themotion of magnets. This conception of heat as a motion involves the conclusion that mechanical, electrical and chemical forces must always be the definite equivalent of one and the same energy, whatever the mode by which one force is transformed into another. The empirical confirmation of this law must be the imperative duty of physicists and physiologists."(Leo Koenigsberger in "Hermann von Helmholtz", pp. 34-35)."In the "Fortschritte der Physik" for 1845, which appeared in 1847, Helmholtz published a report on theories of physiological heat which he later acknowledged as belonging to his work on the conversation of force."(Jungnickel & McCormach "Intellectual Masteryof Nature, Vol. 1, p. 157). …

Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1768. 4to. Extract from "Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans", Tome V. With tittlepage to vol. 5. Pp. 341-357. Clean and fine. First appearance of Lavoisier's FIRST PUBLISHED CHEMICAL PAPER introducing quantitative methods in chemistry, and in which he for the first time brought a hydrometer in use to measure the specific gravities of components of a chemical solutions. Lavoisier defended the originality of his approach in the following words: "It is to the art of combination that the knowledge of the specific gravities of fluids can bring most light. This aspect of chemistry is much less advanced than we thought, we possess barely the rudiments of it." "This first paper, which in so many respects embodies the quantitative methods Lavoisier was to employ in his later work, had in fact been largely anticipated by others, notably by Marggraf, who had already discovered the composition of gypsum and shown that it contained water (phlegm). Yet Lavoisier?s work was more through" and his paper, his first contribution to the Academy of Sciences (read to the Academy on 25 February 1765), appeared in 1768. (The paper offered). - Lavoisier?s earliest chemical investigation, his study of gypsum, was mineralogical in character" begun in the autumn of 1764, it was intended as the first paper in a series devoted to the analysis of mineral substances. This systematic inventory was to be carried out, not by the method of J. H. Pott "who exposed minerals to the action of fire" but by reactions in solution, by the "wet way." "I have tried to copy nature," Lavoisier wrote. "Water, this almost universal solvent "is the cheif agent she employs" it is also the one I have adopted in my work." Using a hydrometer, he determined with the care the solubility of different samples of gypsum (samples of selenite, or lapis specularis, some supplied by Guettard and Rouelle). He made similar measurements with calcined gypsum(plaster of paris). Analysis convinced him that this gypsum was a neutral salt, a compound of vitriolic (sulfuric) acid and a calcareous or chalky base. Not content with having shown by analysis the composition of the gypsum, Lavoisier completed his proof by a synthesis following, as he said, the way that nature had formed the gypsum. He further demonstrated that gypsum, when transformed by strong heating into plaster of Paris, gives off a vapor, which he showed to be pure water, making up about a quarter of the weight of gypsum. Conversely, when plaster of Paris is mixed with water and turns into a solid mass, it avidly combines with water. Using the expression first coined by Rouelle, he called this the "water of crystallization." (DSB).Partington III, pp. 378-79. -.…