frisius gemma (27 Ergebnisse)

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A famous textbook of arithmetic by Rainer Gemma Frisius (1508-1555), a celebrated Dutch mathematician and cartographer; one of the many 16th century editions (the first edition was published in 1540). Illustrated with diagrams. Antiqua typeface; the title page features a woodcut with figures of mathematicians; pages are decorated with large woodcut initials. An old manuscript with unidentified sheet music was used as a parchment cover. Provenance: The title page contains an ownership note and stamp of the Capuchin Monastery in Hradcany (Prague); a coloured backstrip with handwritten call number is also typical for its library. The back endpaper contains an ownership note of a certain Wenceslaus Victorinus, dated 1733. The front endpaper has a simple recent bookplate of Petr Vopenka (1935-2015), a Czech mathematician and philosopher. A complete copy. /// Parchment binding; hardback, [176] pp., 12° (9 x 13.5 cm), cover worn, parchment darkened and slightly stained, with title written with pen, top edge darkened, front free endpaper missing (cut out), pages yellowed, some pages slightly waterstained and worn along edges, back endpaper has small tear along inner edge, ca 10 pages with very old pen marginalia, condition: good Book Language/s: Latin.

Untertitel: Drei Bände bei Froschauer, Zürich, der Band von Pico de la Mirandola; Coeli secundi curionis in Basel, Joh.Oporini 1547/ Gemma, Frisius; Arithmetica in Witteberg Georgius Rhau, 1555 Untergebiet: Alte Drucke Abbildungen: Holzschnitt-Vignetten, Initialen, Titelholzschnitt und Textfiguren (Arithmetica) Zustand: Handschriftl. Widmung an Joh.Victor Travers von Ortenstein. Insgesamt guter Zustand aller fünf Bände Seiten: 103/147, 10/114, 6/40/ Format: Kl.-8°. Einband: Ldr. d. Zt. Gebiet: Humanismus.

. 16,5 cm. 119 fol., 1 h. [Sigue:] USUS ANNULI ASTRONOMICI GEMMA MATHEMATICO AUTORE. Id. [Sigue:] IOANNIS SCHONERI DE USU GLOBI ASTRIFERI OPUSCULUM. 1548. Ilustr.: grabados con instrumentos astronómicos en cada portada, grabados de instrumentos y escenas de su uso. Marca tipográfica en última página. Capitales decoradas. Enc. en pergamino. Exlibris manuscrito de antiguo poseedor. * El matemático, astrónomo y cartógrafo neerlandés Jemme Reinerszoon, más conocido como Gemma Frisius (1508-1555), destacó como divulgador de los últimos descubrimientos en astronomía y constructor de instrumentos científicos, cuyo uso difundió en tratados teórico-prácticos de gran éxito.

. 17,5 cm. 78 h. (sign. A-I8, L7). Marca del impresor en portada. Ilustr. con diagramas, en el texto. Capitulares. Enc. en pergamino del siglo XVIII. * El tratado de aritmética práctica de Frisius, el más popular de su siglo, consta de cuatro partes, a las que siguen unas anotaciones a cargo de Jacques Peletier (1517-1583) fechadas también en 1545 a partir de h. 59 (puede apreciarse una inicial en espera al comienzo de este apartado). La primera parte comienza con las operaciones básicas y se cierra con las progresiones y la regla de tres; la segunda se dedica a las fracciones; la tercera, a las matemáticas aplicadas a los negocios, con la inclusión de las raíces cuadradas y algo de álgebra; la cuarta y última trata sobre la proporción. Frisius combina en el libro la vieja ciencia de los números con la aritmética comercial propia de los autores italianos, una unión que enseguida atrajo la atención de los profesores de la época. Gemma Rainer o Regnier, el Frisio (1508-1555) obtuvo el grado de doctor en medicina en 1541, momento en el que abandonó los estudios matemáticos. La obra se editó por primera vez en 1542 y la que presentamos es la segunda edición francesa. Se creía que por lo menos circulaban 25 ediciones del siglo XVI del tratado, pero David Eugene Smith (en Rara arithmetica: a catalogue of the arithmetics written before the year 1601, p. 200) ofrece una lista de 59. Las ediciones variaron poco hasta que Peletarius, varios años antes de la muerte del autor, añadió sus notas, que ampliaron el texto y que están presentes en nuestro ejemplar por primera vez en una edición francesa. Biblioteca Nacional de Francia FRBNF 30494494. aritmética, matematicas.

. 15,5 cm. 96 fol. (sign. A-M8). Profus. ilustr. con diagramas y grabados, en el texto. Capitulares xilográficas. Enc. del siglo XX en medio pergamino, nervios, cortes dorados. * Segunda edición en francés traducida por el matemático, astrónomo y erudito Claude Boissiere. Es idéntica a la primera, publicada un año antes y única versión vernácula de este título. Contiene contribuciones significativas en el campo de las mediciones y la navegación. La primera parte se centra en la descripción del globo y ofrece explicaciones prácticas en el ámbito de la geografía y la astronomía. Destaca especialmente el capítulo XVIII (Nouvelle invention pour les longitudes), del que incluso M. Delambre reconoce el mérito (véase Histoire de l?astronomie du Moyen Age, París, 1819) en el que hace referencia a los relojes portátiles como instrumento para medir longitudes. La segunda describe el uso del anillo astronómico, un instrumento que se revelaría caudal para los navegantes de los dos siglos siguientes. El anillo astronómico de Gemma se compone de cuatro círculos, entre ellos un meridiano y un ecuador. Gemma expone los usos de su anillo para determinar la hora y resolver problemas de altimetría. Natural de Dokkum, en Frisia (Países Bajos en la actualidad), Rainer Gemma (1508-1555) enseñó matemáticas y medicina en Lovaina. En su tratado De describendorum locorum ratione (Amberes, 1533) expuso por primera vez los principios de la triangulación y medidas y, en otra obra de 1553, un método para determinar la longitud mediante relojes portátiles, todo aplicado a la cartografía; trabajó con grabadores de la talla deVan der Hayden, Bollaert o Graphius. Con el tiempo se convirtió en la figura representativa de la escuela holandesa de cartografía, siendo uno de sus más reconocidos discípulos el geógrafo Gerardus Mercator. Las ediciones publicadas por Cavellat, como la que presentamos, son las mejores ilustradas y contienen más y mejores xilografías que las anteriores. La edición en francés es, al parecer, escasa en el mercado. Van Ortroy localiza cinco copias de esta edición de 1557. Van Ortroy 44, Adams G389. Houzeau Lancaster, I-2426, Brunet, II-1527. Nuestro ejemplar carece de la última parte, que debería recoger la proyección de Gemma bajo el título de Exposition de la Mappemonde a cargo de Boissiere. astronomía, cosmografía.

Antwerpen, um 1608. Kupferstich aus Aubertus Miraeus, "Illustrum Galliae Belgicae scriptorum icones et elogia". Blattengröße 185 x 113 mm. Zeichner unbekannt, Theodoor Galle sc. Unten Inschrift: CORNELIVS GEMMA LOVANIENSIS, MEDICVS ET PHILOSOPHVS. Gemma, cui superi patuerunt invia mundi, Cui nubes superare vagas, sedesque repostas Mente datum sancta est, et toto currere caelo, Immortale feres nomen, dum gemma feretur In digitis, fuluoque decens radia bit in auro. Io. Secundus (Janus (Johannes) Secundus (1511-1536). Theodoor Galle (1571-1633), flämischer Kupferstecher und Verleger in Antwerpen, arbeitete in der Nachfolge der Galle-Werkstatt und spezialisierte sich auf Buchillustrationen und Gelehrtenporträts; zahlreiche Blätter entstanden für humanistische Sammelwerke. Halbfigur in strengem Dreiviertelprofil vor schlichtem Fond; das Barett, der weite Mantel und der reiche Spitzenkragen kennzeichnen den gelehrten Arzt der späten Renaissance. Inschrift und Hexameter unter dem Bild verbinden Name, Herkunft (Löwen) und lobende Charakterisierung als Arzt-Philosoph, wie sie für die ikonographische Tradition der humanistischen Porträtbücher typisch ist. Cornelius (Regnerus) Gemma (28.02.1535 Löwen - 12.10.1578 Löwen) war ein flämischer Arzt, Astronom und Astrologe, ältester Sohn des Kartographen und Instrumentenmachers Gemma Frisius. Er wirkte als Professor der Medizin an der Universität Löwen und verband in seinen Schriften Medizin, Kosmologie, Astrologie und Naturphilosophie. Zu seinen Hauptwerken zählen "De arte cyclognomica" (1569) und "De naturae divinis characterismis" (1575); außerdem veröffentlichte er Ephemeriden und gilt als einer der ersten, der einen menschlichen Bandwurm abbildete. Gemma wurde in der frühneuzeitlichen Gelehrtenwelt als bedeutender medizinischer Kosmologe wahrgenommen; seine Porträtdrucke in Sammelwerken wie Miraeus' "Icones et elogia" verbreiteten sein Bildnis weithin und verankern ihn bis heute in der Ikonographie der Renaissancemedizin. Lit.: Vanden Broecke, Steven (Hg.): Cornelius Gemma. Cosmology, Medicine and Natural Philosophy in Renaissance Louvain. Leuven: Leuven University Press 2010. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien, Bildarchiv und Grafiksammlung: Cornelius Gemma Lovaniensis, Kupferstich; Porträtsammlung, Inv.-Nr. PORT_00076479_02.

An exceptional and entirely unsophisticated working copy of one of the most influential scientific books of the sixteenth century?the compact manual that taught Europe how to measure and describe the world. In its original limp-vellum binding, strengthened inside with a strip of medieval manuscript on parchment, it preserves not only the four intricate volvelle plates but also the rare separate pointer (manubrium) for the instrumentum siderale, together with an old plumb line and the stub of a thread-indicator showing genuine early use. The large heart-shaped world map, here in the Latin?Dutch ?K? state used on Antwerp printings of the 1550s, unfolds clean and complete, and the book carries on its endpapers an extraordinary series of contemporary Dutch working notes explaining how to take the sun?s noon altitude with an astrolabe or quadrant and convert degrees into miles. Binding, map, and annotations all point unmistakably to active Low Countries use, making this copy a rare survival in which the Cosmographia can still be read as its author and editor intended: a tool for doing mathematics and for mapping the newly enlarged world. Provenance: In contemporary limp vellum, characteristically Netherlandish, with wide yapped fore-edges and traces of the original ties; the spine is lined internally with a long strip of medieval vellum manuscript from the Vulgate Isaiah, used by the binder as structural reinforcement. The volume shows clear evidence of sixteenth-century Low Countries ownership and use. On the rear endpaper a long Dutch manuscript note explains how to determine the sun?s meridian altitude ?opten rechten middag? with an astrolabe or quadrant, how to correct for declination north or south of the equinoctial, and how to translate degrees of latitude into miles; a shorter related note appears on the front blank. Within the text the mechanical diagrams have been handled and occasionally repaired in period: at D1v a small plumb line with a lead bob remains attached to the volvelle, and at C3v the stub of a thread pointer is still visible. Most remarkably, the separate paper pointer (manubrium) for the instrumentum siderale on O4v survives intact, pasted at the margin?almost never found in other copies. The overall aspect is that of a practitioner?s working book, owned by someone familiar with the language of the workshop rather than the lecture hall?perhaps a surveyor, navigator, or instrument-maker active in the southern Netherlands around the middle of the sixteenth century. The Dutch vernacular notes on method and conversion rules bring the book vividly back to life as a tool of daily measurement, linking it directly to the technical culture that Gemma Frisius and his circle at Louvain had helped to create. Apianus first published his Cosmographicus liber in 1524, giving the lay mathematician a portable grammar of the world: how to lay out the terrestrial grid; what it means to reckon latitude and longitude; climates and winds; simple surveying; and a brief tour of the continents. In the 1530s and 1540s, Gemma Frisius?physician, instrument-maker and mathematician at Louvain?re-engineered the book. He corrected Apianus?s text, added whole chapters of his own, and overlaid the treatise with mechanised diagrams (the volvelles) and instrumental instruction (notably on the astronomical ring). In the Libellus de locorum describendorum ratione, included here after Apian?s two parts and appendix, Gemma proposes and illustrates the principle of triangulation: measure a baseline, then determine unknown distances and positions by angles?a deceptively simple procedure that became the structural method of modern topographic survey. Antwerp redactions of the 1540s?this 1545 Bonte among them?are how that method was disseminated on a continental scale: practical, affordable, and bristling with apparatus one could use at the bench or in the field. The 1545 Antwerp printing belongs to the same vigorous intellectual and commercial milieu that produced Mercator?s globes and, a generation later, Ortelius?s Theatrum orbis terrarum. Gregor Bonte?s shop ?sub scuto Basiliensi? and the press of Gillis Coppens van Diest stood at the centre of that culture, linking mathematicians, engravers, instrument-makers, and booksellers. The Cosmographia was conceived for this world of artisans and navigators, and its success rested on how it translated learned geometry into a set of tangible operations. Its woodcuts show terrestrial and celestial globes, quadrants, rings, and sundials; its volvelles allow the user to calculate time, latitude, and declination; its folding map translates these exercises into a vision of the newly charted earth. What Apianus had achieved in the sumptuous Astronomicum Caesareum of 1540 as a courtly demonstration piece, he and Gemma here reduced to portable form?a quarto handbook that placed the same principles within reach of every mathematically minded craftsman or traveller. It is this practical, democratic quality that explains the book?s immense and enduring influence throughout Europe. The evolution of the Cosmographia also reminds us that decisive scientific advances often emerge through gradual refinement rather than a single moment of invention. Gemma?s chapter on triangulation had first appeared in the early 1530s, but it was through the successive Antwerp editions?culminating in Bonte?s of 1545?that his method was perfected, illustrated, and widely disseminated. The combination of Apianus?s lucid geometry, Gemma?s new surveying techniques, and the printer?s ingenious mechanical diagrams gave the work its final, authoritative form. By uniting text, instrument, and map within a single portable volume, the Antwerp Cosmographia transformed what had been a scholarly exercise into a practical discipline, and in doing so provided the foundation for the accurate mapping of Europe over the following centuries. The large folding world map inserted after folio 31 is the celebrated cordif. Signed.

"Climata Australia" First woodblock, later issue. Double-page woodcut. This map, prepared by Gemma Frisius, to accompany Petrus Apinanus's 'Cosmographicus liber' (1544). Frisius was an early proponent of the theory that a sea passage to the north of America existed that would allow quicker access to the Indies than the long southern route through the Strait of Magellan. He illustrates his theory in this map, which is also one of the earliest to show the entire east coast of North America. It displays the eastern side of North America as a narrow landmass, named "Baccalearum," after the cod fisheries off the coasts of New England and Canada. The map uses Apianus's original cordiform projection, and maintains the tantalising possibility of a northwest passage to Asia over the top of north America. The map is also notable for being the first printed map to depict the Yucatán as a peninsula rather than as an island, anticipating Ruscelli's 1561 map of New Spain. Cuba and Hispaniola are shown as huge islands. Also prominent are the Mountains of the Moon, considered the source of the River Nile. The map is decorated with vignettes of animals, sailing ships and a mermaid. Signs of the zodiac and the Ptolemaic climatic zones border the map. Zeus and Mars, wearing the coats-of-arms of Charles V, Holy Roman emperor, are shown above the map, while wind-heads at the south represent the traditionally believed plague-bearing nature of those winds. To the left of the map, "Climata Australia" appears just south of the equator. While this is technically the first appearance of "Australia" on a map, it refers to a climatic zone, rather than a landmass. Three woodcut blocks, from which the map was printed, have been identified. The current map is an impression of the first woodblock, with "Europa" at an angle and the outline of Britain without a caption. The first woodblock was known to have been sent to Paris in 1551, and new one cut for publication in Antwerp. The current example was published in Gregor Reisch's 'Margarita philosophica', Basel, 1583. The mapmakers Petrus Apianus (1495-1552). Born in Saxony as Peter Bienewitz, he studied at the University of Leipzig from 1516 to 1519, where he adopted the Latinised version of his German name, Petrus Apianus. In 1519, he moved to Vienna, where he was part of the second Vienna school of cartography, which included Georgius Tannstetter and Johannes Cuspinianus. In 1520, assisted by Laurent Fries, Apianus created a reduced version of Waldseemuller's 1507, 12-sheet wall-map of the world, 'Tipus Orbis Universalis', on a cordiform projection. As Waldseemuller's map is known in only one example, Apianus's is the earliest obtainable map to name "America". He then moved again to Landshut, near Ingolstadt, where he produced the 'Cosmographicus liber' in 1524, an extremely popular work on astronomy and navigation which was reprinted thirty times. Based on the work of Ptolemy, it contains paper instruments called volvelles, which Apianus would use so effectively in his work that they are sometimes known as Apian wheels. In 1527, the University of Ingolstadt appointed him as a mathematics tutor and official printer. While at Ingolstadt, Apianus came to the attention of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who praised his work at the 1530 Imperial Diet and granted him printing monopolies in 1532 and 1534. He continued to publish on mathematical and astronomical themes, including the only known European depiction of Bedouin constellations in his 1533 book, 'Horoscopion Apiani Generale'. In return, Apianus dedicated his most famous work to Charles in 1540: the 'Astronomicum Caesareum', a comprehensive review of contemporary astronomical knowledge, including theories from the use of solar eclipses to determine longitude to Apianus's own observation that the tails of comets always point away from the sun. He had noted this trend after an appearance of Halley's comet in 1531. It was beautifully illustrated and crammed with intricate volvelles, which could be used to calculate everything from eclipses to the hour of a baby's conception. Apianus was supposedly promised the princely sum of 3000 guilders by the Emperor in return for his work, although there is no record of whether this was ever actually paid. He was, however, made a Reichsritter or Imperial Knight, and eventually made an Imperial Count Palatine. Apianus continued to work in Ingolstadt until his death, teaching relatively little but producing work on sines, a variation on Pascal's triangle and manuals for horological instruments. Reinerus Gemma Frisius (15081555). Reinerus Gemma, from Frisia (better known as Gemma Frisius) was a cartographer, astronomer, mathematician, physician, and maker of scientific instruments. He studied at the University of Louvain, and was appointed professor of medicine there, in 1541. His first work, 'De principiis astronomiae et cosmographiae' (1530), attempted to establish longitude by proposing the use of portable clocks, a then impractical theory, which would only be vindicated two centuries later. Gemma published his first edition of Apianus's 'Cosmographia' with his own 'Libellus de locorum describendorum ratione' in 1533. His 'Charta sive mappa mundi' (1540) was also included from 1544. Other works include 'De astrolabio' (1556), and his blockbuster: 'Arithmeticae practicae methodus facilis' (1540), which was reprinted more than fifty times during the sixteenth century. Interestingly, according to Suarez, Frisius "taught a student called named John Dee, who soon became a prominent English geographer and a strong proponent of the northern route to the Indies. Dee regarded the Orient with a mystical awe, believing it to be a repository of the occult arts and the resting place of Biblical treasure. He considered the East to be the true source of all mystical knowledge, as well as wealth, wisdom, and true faith. While fastidiously keeping himself abreast of the latest geographic news and.

In-4 de (8), 333 pp., 1 f. bl. Vélin. (Reliure de l'époque.). Belle édition dans la traduction et les additions de Regnier Gemma ou Gemma Frisius. Elle est illustrée par de nombreux bois gravés (globes, sphères, instruments d'astronomie et d'arpentage) et une carte du monde sur double page, d'après la carte dressée par Gemma Frisius en 1540, qui est aujourd'hui perdue. 5 gravures portent des volvelles (des parties mobiles) : 2 volvelles p. 20. Une ficelle pour pointer p. 22. 3 volvelles et une ficelle p. 26. 3 volvelles p. 66. 2 volvelles p. 189. Exemplaire complet de toutes ses parties mobiles ce qui est très rare et la carte du monde est bien présente. On trouve à la fin du texte d'Apian "L'usage de l'anneau astronomique" de Gemma Frisius et aussi, du même "L'usage du globe astronomique" et le "Ray astronomique & géométrique". In-4 de (8), 333 pp., 1 f. bl. Vélin. (Reliure de l'époque.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fine edition in the translation and additions of Regnier Gemma or Gemma Frisius. It is illustrated with numerous woodcuts (globes, spheres, astronomical and surveying instruments). Complete of all moving parts (10 volvelles and 2 thread pointers) and the double page world map. It is based on the larger map prepared by Gemma Frisius and published in Louvain in 1540, but which has now been lost. North America is labelled 'Baccalearium' in reference to the cod fishing nearby. 5 engravings bear volvelles (moving parts): 2 volvelles p. 20. A string for pointing on p. 22. 3 volvelles and a string on p. 26. 3 volvelles on p. 66. At the end of the Apian text is "L'usage de l'anneau astronomique" by Gemma Frisius and by the same "L'usage du globe astronomique" and "Ray astronomique & géométrique". Shirley, Mapping of the world N° 96. Brun, Le livre illustré de la Renaissance 112. -.

4to (8 1/4 x 6 in.; 51.4 x 15.2 cm.). Title-page with large woodcut of a globe. Woodcut geographical and astronomical diagrams throughout, including four WITH FINE MOVABLE VOLVELLES on C2v, D1r (3 volvelles and thread pointer), I1r (3 volvelles), 2A2v (2 volvelles) (C3v without thread pointer), and with a fine folding world map, woodcut head- and tail-pieces and initials; missing front free endpaper; some pale dampstaining. Contemporary calf, front board with wide blind-stamped border with centerpiece, spine in 4 compartments with 5 raised bands; worn with minor loss on foot of spine, recased preserving most of the original binding. Apianus' "Cosmographia" was first published in 1524, and so popular that it was published in twenty-nine editions before 1600. It contains a reduced version of Apianus' celebrated cordiform world map "Charta Cosmographica" after Waldseemuller's map of 1507, which was first included in the edition of 1545. Apianus was a professor of mathematics, holding chairs at Ingolstadt and Innsbruck, and a great astronomer. These skills combined with his interest in geography led to the establishment of his own printing press in Landshut. North America is depicted as a narrow stretch of land extending almost eastwards. Cuba and Hispaniola are shown as huge islands and the Mountains of the Moon considered the source of the River Nile. A 'truncated' cordiform projection is used which prevents the south polar regions being represented. The map is bordered by signs of the zodiac and the Ptolemaic climatic zones. Zeus and Mars, wearing the coats of arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, are shown atop the map while wind-heads at the south represent the traditional believed plague-bearing nature of those winds. The map is highly decorative but also an important milestone in the history of cartography as it is ONE OF THE EARLIEST MAPS TO SHOW A REPRESENTATION OF AMERICA, or the name itself. "Climata Australia" appears in the woodcut on page 15, and in the left-hand margin of the map. This edition of the "Cosmographia" has been enlarged by Apianus' student, Frisius Gemma, and was first published in 1529, and is now further enlarged to include material by le Docteur Francisque Lopez de Gomara concerning America ("Situs ac Descriptio Novi Orbis, seu Indiarum Occidentalium" pages 168-187) originally published in the Spanish edition, Antwerp, 1575. Gemma was a gifted mathematician, cartographer, maker of fine scientific instruments as well as Apianus's student. His edition of Apianus's "Cosmographia" "was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages" (DSB). It includes Gemma s description of how triangulation is used in surveying and mapping first published in 1533: "the first to propose - and illustrate - the principle of triangulation as a means of carefully locating places and accurately mapping areas" (DSB). PROVENANCE: Royal supra libros on the front and back covers. REFERENCES: Dictionary of Scientific Biography.

4to., (9 x 6 4/8 inches). Title-page with large woodcut of a globe (fore-edge strengthened with archival tissue). Woodcut geographical and astronomical diagrams throughout, including four with fine volvelles on C2v, D1r (lacking 3 volvelles, but with thread pointer), I1r (3 volvelles), P3 (one volvelle), C3v with thread pointer, and with a fine double-page world map, woodcut head- and tail-pieces and initials (some pale dampstaining, some fore-edges strengthened with archival tissue). Contemporary calf (recased preserving most of the original panels, new endpapers). Later edition in Spanish, first published in 1545, but the FIRST EDITION TO INCLUDE MATERIAL BY LE DOCTEUR FRANCISQUE LOPEZ DE GOMARA CONCERINGIN AMERICA ("El sitio descripcion delas Indias y Mundo nuevo" leaves T3v-Y2v). THE RARE WORLD MAP WITH SPANISH TITLES, and including "Climata Australia" in the woodcut on Folio 7 and in the left-hand margin of the map. The publication of the "Cosmographia" in Spanish was a significant consequence of the Spanish influence in the Netherlands. The two-page anonymous dedication to Francisco Duarte, purveyor of arms for Charles V, discusses the necessity and timeliness of a translation from Latin into Spanish of the "Cosmographia." for those who are ignorant of Latin. Among this group, of course, were explorers and soldiers sailing to the New World. Apianus's "Cosmographia" was first published in 1524, and so popular that it was published in twenty-nine editions before 1600. It contains a reduced version of Apianius's celebrated cordiform world map "Charta Cosmographica." after Waldseemuller's map of 1507, which was first included in the edition of 1545. Apianus was professor of mathematics, holding chairs at Ingolstadt and Innsbruck, and a great astronomer. These skills combined with his interest in geography led to the establishment of his own printing press in Landshut. North America is depicted as a narrow stretch of land extending almost eastwards. Cuba and Hispaniola are shown as huge islands and the Mountains of the Moon considered the source of the River Nile. A 'truncated' cordiform projection is used which prevents the south polar regions being represented. The map is bordered by signs of the zodiac and the Ptolemaic climatic zones. Zeus and Mars, wearing the coats of arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, are shown atop the map while wind-heads at the south represent the traditional believed plague-bearing nature of those winds. The map is highly decorative but also an important milestone in the history of cartography as it is one of the earliest maps to show a representation of America, or the name itself. This edition of the "Cosmographia" has been enlarged by Apianus's student Frisius Gemma and was first published in 1529. Gemma was a gifted mathematician, cartographer, maker of fine scientific instruments as well as Apianus's student. His edition of Apianus's "Cosmographia" "was one of the most popular texts of the time and was translated into all major European languages" (DSB). It includes Gemma's description of how triangulation is used in surveying and mapping first published in 1533: "the first to propose - and illustrate - the principle of triangulation as a means of carefully locating places and accurately mapping areas" (DSB). Catalogued by Kate Hunter.

0. *** Selten. *** Am oberen Rand etwas gebräunt, ansonsten gute Erhaltung. Sprache: Deutschu.

Antverpiae ( Antwerpen ) , Apud haeredes Arnoldi Birckmanni, printed by Aegidius van Diest (in colophon), 1564, in-4°, 21 x 16 cm, (4)nn pp (title with large woodcut globe) + 128 pp (numbered fol.1-64) + (3)nn pp (tabella) + (1)(bl), with 45 woodcuts in the text, a double page worldmap (Shirley 96) and 4 volvelles (complete). Bound in brown coloured and blindtooled vellum, spine renewed. Nice complete copy , and with, which is very rare, the four volvelles or Apian wheels in perfect shape and absolutely complete. The only negative remark to be made for completeness sake is that the worldmap has been very slightly shaven at the top, resulting in the loss of the head of a few letters. Bound in at the end is '' Himmels lauffs wirckung und natuerliche influentz der Planeten, Gestirn und Zeychen.''. Frankfurt, 1564, haer. Christian Egenolff. (8)nn pp + 108 pp, with woodcut ills. Unfortunately this book lacks four leaves ( Cii , Ei, Oiii and Yiiii). (USTC 663722). The first edition of Apianus' major work on astronomy , geography and cartography was published in Landshut in 1524. In 1533 was published in Antwerp a reworked edition incorporating the triangulation method developped by Gemma Frisius which opened the way to modern cartography. Indeed the first map with accurate distances was made in the Southern Low Countries based upon triangulations made by Gemma Frisius who climbed the Sint-Rombauts cathedral tower in Mechelen and started measuring the distances to Lier, Antwerpen, Gent , Brussel, Bergen op Zoom, Leuven. (Explanation on pages 51-53). USTC 404413 (Apian) .