digges thomas (9 Ergebnisse)

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TITLE CONTINUED: Exhibited in writing to the Right Honourable Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester a little before the Spanish invasion, in the year 1588. By Thomas Diggs Esq; muster-master general of all her Majesty's forces in the Low-Countries. To which is now added, an account of such stores of war, and other materials as are requisite for the defence of a fort, a train of artillery, and for a magazine belonging to a field army. And also a list of the ships of war, and the charge of them, and the land-forces designed by the Parliament against France, anno 1678. Also a list of the present governors of the garisons of England; and of all the lord lieutenants, and high sheriffs of all those counties adjacent to the coasts. Lastly, the wages of officers and seamen serving in his Majesty's fleet at sea per month. Collected by Thomas Adamson, master-gunner of his Majesty's train of artillery, anno 1673. Pamphlet, small folio, approximately 280 x 185 mm, 11 x 7¼ inches, pages: [4], 1-16, bound in paper wrappers. Title page slightly marked, upper wrapper has small hole repaired on verso, pinhole to lower wrapper, occasional tiny fox spot otherwise a very good copy. ESTC R7897. Thomas Digges was a member of parliament from 1572 and again in 1584. His military career was with the English forces in the Netherlands from 1586 to 1594. The modern state of the Netherlands came into existence with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1579. Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester was named governor-general of the Netherlands in 1586 and Dudley appointed Digges to be master-general of his army to assist him in the campaign. MORE IMAGES ATTACHED TO THIS LISTING, ALL ZOOMABLE, FURTHER IMAGES ON REQUEST. POSTAGE AT COST.

Hardcover. Zustand: Fine. 2nd Edition. Folio. pp. [viii], 152, 151-195, [iii]. [A] B-2C . Roman, Italic and Black letter. Decorative woodcut initials and head- and tail-pieces throughout. Fine woodcut mathematical and topographical diagrams and illustrations, including to t-p, depicting the use of geometrical instruments and the process of land-surveying. Large woodcut arms of Sir Nicholas Bacon (the dedicatee, father of Sir Francis Bacon) to verso of t-p, unidentified arms to verso of Cc3, book-labels of Erwin Tomash and Harrison D. Horblit on pastedown. A particularly fine copy, absolutely crisp and clean, with good margins (some deckle edges), in contemporary limp vellum, remains of ties. Second and best edition of Thomas Digges' fundamental mathematical work, revised and expanded from the edition of 1571, and the first description of many important theories and techniques in English. Digges (1546-1595) was the son of the mathematician and surveyor Leonard Digges (1520-1559), inventor of the theodolite and perhaps also of the telescope. Thomas produced revised or augmented editions of several of his father's works. "This edition is essentially identical to the first with two significant additions by Thomas Digges: the Mathematicall discourse of the five Platonicall solides and the first treatment of the science of ballistics in English. Also added to Book I is a short chapter (three leaves) on surveying in mines. Leonard Digges published a small book on practical surveying in 1556, but this more ambitious work was still in manuscript when he died. Thomas, his son, further extended the work and had it published. The early material is essentially that to be found in the works of such authors as Gemma Frisius and Peter Apian (quadrants, astrolabes with shadow scales, etc.). However this book, and his earlier work Tectonicon, are the first descriptions of the application of these instruments written in English. All of the early instruments rely on the use of right-angle triangles in establishing a survey. Digges deals with a different type of survey instrument in a later part of this volume. This is the first description and illustration of the theodolitethe name being coined by Digges in this work. This device consisted of a table with an angle- sighting device mounted above it. . Another intriguing feature of this work is that Digges, in Chapter 21 of the first book, discusses the use of various optical devices and claims that: "ye may by applycation of glasses in due proportion cause any peculiare house, or roume thereof dilate and shew it selfe in as ample fourme as the whole towne firste appeared, so that ye shall descerne any trifle, or read any letter lying there open" Digges senior had obviously been experimenting with a magnifying lens, and it seems very likely that he invented the telescope about a half-century before it was unambiguously described in Holland in 1608. The first book, titled Longimetra, is a treatise on surveying using the quadrant, square and theodolite. The subsequent books, Planimetra and Stereometra, cover plane and solid geometry and their use in the calculation of area and volumeparticularly gauging." Tomash & Williams The Pantometria provides a complete course in practical geometry, from the fundamentals ("A Line is a length without breadth or thicknesse") to the most complex theorems. The work concludes with the first appearance of Digges' work on ballistics, a new addition to the present edition. "He was able, on the basis of his own and his father's experiments, to disprove many commonly held erroneous ideas in ballistics but was not able to develop a mathematical theory of his own. These appendixes constitute the first serious ballistics studies in England" (DSB). A very fine copy of this most important work. ESTC S107357. STC 6859; Cockle 16. Spaulding and Karpinski 49. DSB IV, 97 (attributing the Pantometria to Leonard Digges). Tomash & Williams D54 [This copy]. The Geometry of War 45.

Hardcover. Zustand: Good. 1st Edition. [INSPIRING SHAKESPEARE?] FIRST EDITION. 4to. pp. [iv], 111, [i]: pi², A-O . Roman letter, some Italic. Small woodcut printer's device on title, floriated woodcut initials, grotesque woodcut head and tail-pieces, typographical ornaments. Light age yellowing, title dusty, chipped at lower outer blank corner, a little dust soiling at margins of first few leaves, minor marginal dust soiling in places, the rare marginal stain. A good copy, with good margins, in modern three-quarter red calf, spine with raised bands, title gilt lettered, all edges yellow. Rare first edition of this important work on the state of the English militia, probably a source for Shakespeares' Coriolanus. "As Digges died in 1595 there was an interval of at least nine years between the writing of 'Paradoxes 1. and II.' and their printing. These are filled with complaints of the dishonesty of officers. Foreign writers, too, were making similar accusations, notably Marcos de Isaba, who, in the 'Cuerpo enfermo de la Milicia Espanola', waxes very bitter on the subject. Both in English and foreign armies, officers, from the commander in chief to the captain of the band, where engaged in defrauding one another and the private soldiers. If the men clamoured for pay, license for pillage quieted them, or, in some cases, a still surer remedy was found; generals when deep in debt to any troops would send them on some desperate service, wherein most of them were sure to perish. Four pages of Paradoxes I are devoted to a comparison between a good and a bad paymaster; and much of Paradox II to another between modern discipline and the discipline of the Greeks and Romans. Digges maintains the former, 'In spite of the late invention of gunpowder,' to be vastly inferior to the latter, and he cites thirty points of difference between the two systems in support of his views. Indeed the English militia had become so inefficient as to make reform imperative. Captains, being paymasters of their own bands, made use of their position to pocket the mens' pay; drill was neglected, and no dependence could be placed on soldiers, who, taken from the lowest class, thought nothing of running from the enemy. Smythe, though an opponent of Digges, corroborates these statements. Digges was a reformer, and certainly a good friend to the private soldier;." Cockle. "In 1604 a volume was published entitled 'Four Paradoxes, or Politique Discourses', containing two essays by Thomas Digges, and two by Dudley Digges, his son, and the stepson of Shakespeare's testamentary overseer. One of Dudley's essays is in praise of the soldiers profession. In the other he argues 'That warre sometimes' is 'less hurtfull and more to be wisht in a well Governd state than peace'. War, he declares, is better than 'luxurious idleness' With this may be compared the dialogue on the advantages of war in Coriolanus IV. v. Digges proceeds to discuss the use of war as a means of curing internal dissensions, his main example being the story of Coriolanus taken directly from North's Plutarch, though with the insertion of one phrase from Livy. we cannot be sure that Shakespeare had read 'Foure Paradoxes', though he might have done so out of neighbourly interest. In Coriolanus he uses the metaphor of breaking out in three places, though his use of it is not confined to this play. Although, therefore, Shakespeare could have developed his conception of the play from Plutarch's lives, Digges may well have contributed to the atmosphere of the play with his praise of the military hero, his claim that the 'discommoditie of our long peace opprest by luxurie' is 'worse farre than warrre', and his retelling of the Coriolanus story as an example of the way foreign wars can be used to cure sedition." Kenneth Muir. 'The Sources of Shakespeare's Plays.' ESTC S109705 STC 6872. Cockle 77.

First edition. ?the first serious ballistic studies in England? (DSB). Second and best edition of this important Elizabethan work on practical geometry, in which ?for the first time, we have indications of an instrument which we may call a reflecting telescope? (King,?The History of the Telescope, p. 29). This second edition contains several appendices by Thomas Digges, not present in the first edition, which constitute ?the first serious ballistic studies in England? (DSB). The book also contains the first description and illustration of the theodolite. The first edition is an extremely rare book ? no copy has sold at auction since the Kenney copy in 1966 (and that copy was defective). ?This edition is essentially identical to the first with two significant additions by Thomas Digges: the ?Mathematicall discourse of the five Platonicall solid? and the first treatment of the science of ballistics in English. Also added to Book I is a short chapter (three leaves) on surveying in mines ? The early material is essentially that to be found in the works of such authors as Gemma Frisius and Peter Apian (quadrants, astrolabes with shadow scales, etc.). However, this book, and his earlier work Tectonicon, are the first descriptions of the application of these instruments written in English. All of the early instruments rely on the use of right-angle triangles in establishing a survey. Digges deals with a different type of survey instrument in a later part of this volume. This is the first description and illustration of the theodolite ? the name being coined by Digges in this work. This device consisted of a table with an angle-sighting device mounted above it ? Another intriguing feature of this work is that Digges, in Chapter 21 of the first book, discusses the use of various optical devices and claims that: ?ye may by applycation of glasses in due proportion cause any peculiare house, or roume thereof dilate and shew it selfe in as ample fourme as the whole towne firste appeared, so that ye shall descerne any trifle, or read any letter lying there open.? Digges senior had obviously been experimenting with a magnifying lens, and it seems very likely that he invented the telescope about a half-century before it was unambiguously described in Holland in 1608. The first book, titled ?Longimetra,? is a treatise on surveying using the quadrant, square and theodolite. The subsequent books, ?Planimetra? and ?Stereometra?, cover plane and solid geometry and their use in the calculation of area and volume?particularly gauging? (Tomash & Williams). Leonard Digges (ca. 1520-ca.1559) refers to a work on practical surveying in A Prognostication Everlasting (1556), but it remained unpublished at his death. His son Thomas (ca.1545-1595) edited the work and added substantial new material of his own (see below) and had it published in 1571. Pantometria deals with the reckoning of distances, areas and volumes, and with instrumental and computational techniques for surveying and mensuration, justified in terms of civic and military utility and of pleasure. His account of quadrants, astrolabes with shadow scales, etc, was influenced by Peter Apian and Gemma Frisius, but his are the first descriptions of the use of these instruments written in English. Digges also describes three new instruments?that could be combined to form what he called a ?topographicall instrument? These were a vertical quadrant with shadow square that was?intended to measure heights; a square with inscribed quadrant and alidade, mounted on a staff; and a circular plate divided into degrees with a centrally mounted alidade, to which Digges gave the name ?theodelitus? Leonard Digges was a close friend of John Dee, whose private library contained many texts by Roger Bacon. It was probably during visits to Dee?s house that Leonard came across Bacon's references to lenses and the ability to use them to ?cause the sun, moon and stars in appearance to descend here below.? Stimulated by Bacon?s work, and perhaps by other texts in Dee?s library, Leonard set out to determine the principles of refracting and reflecting telescopes and, almost certainly, to actually construct a reflector. Leonard?s achievements are praised by Thomas in the preface to the present work: ?my father by his continual painful practices, assisted with demonstrations Mathematical, was able, and sundry times hath by proportional Glasses duly situate in convenient angles, not only discovered things far off, read letters, numbered pieces of money with the very coin and superscription thereof, cast by some of his friends of purpose upon downs in open fields, but also seven miles off declared what hath been done at that instant in private places.? But the crucial passage reads: ?Thus much I though good to open concerning the effects of a plaine Glasse, very pleasant to practise, yea most exactly serving for the description of a plaine champion country. But marveilous are the conclusions that may be performed by Glasses concave and convex of Circulare and parabolicall formes, using for multiplication of beames sometime the aide of Glasses transparent, which by fraction [refraction] should unite or dissipate the images or figures presented by the reflection of the other. By these kinde of Glasses or rather frames of them, placed in due Angles, yee may not only set out before your eye the littely image of every Towne, Village, etc. and that in as little or great space or place as ye will prescribe, but also augment and dilate any parcell thereof, so that whereas at the first appearance an whole Towne shall present it selfe so small and compact together that ye shall not discerne any difference of streates, ye may by application of Glasses in due proportion cause any peculiare house, or roume thereof dilate and shew it selfe in as ample forme as the whole towne first appeared, so that ye shall discerne any trifle, or read any letter there lying open, especially if the sunne beames come unto it, as plai.

title-page foxed, pp. vii, 18, [2, ads], 8vo, [bound with:] [?Bruce (John)] Military Memoir for the Defence of the Eastern District. [London, 1798], pp. [iv, including initial blank], 83, [and:] [Bruce (John)] Report on the Arrangements which have been adopted, in former Periods, when France threatened invasions of Britain or Ireland. London, 1798], pp. iv, 83,[1], [iv], cxx, dated at head of text in MS 'State Paper Office. January 6th. 1798', and p. 83 subscribed by John Bruce ('I have the Honour to be' &c, &c) and with the direction to Henry Dundas, [and:] Le Mesurier (Havilland) The British Commissary, in two parts. Part I. A system for the British Commissariat on foreign service. Part II. An Essay towards ascertaining the use and duties of a Commissariat staff in England. Printed for T. Egerton, 1798, pp. [ii, blank], ix, 177 (including folding tables), contemporary half calf, rebacked. 'Dundas continued to employ Bruce to lend academic weight to his pragmatic policies, noting that the professor's sole joy was to be "buried in old records". The duties were formalized in an official position as historiographer to the East India Company in 1793. It had been clinched by Bruce's Historical View of Plans for the Government of British India (1793), fruit of three years' research exploring options for the imminent renewal of the company's charter. Despite its pernickety style, it sufficiently softened up public opinion for a plan which Dundas wished to air without taking personal responsibility, the creation for himself of a post of president of the Board of Control for India, served by a permanent staff. In 1796 Bruce produced a historical review of the balance of power in Europe. In 1798 his report on defence guided measures to meet the French threat. Bruce was to write a similar report on the requirements of the circumstances created by the uneasy peace of Amiens in 1801. A report published in 1799 dealt with the Anglo-Scottish union, as a precedent for the projected Irish union' (ODNB). (2. ESTC T222116, Rylands only; 3. ESTC T102020, there was another version with the imprint of A. Strahan; 4. ESTC T112138, 2 in the BL and 1 in RUSI Library of Military History).