Del monte guido (5 Ergebnisse)

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Folio [29.4 x 19.6 cm], (8) ff. (the last blank), 130, (1) f. [colophon], 1 integral blank, with numerous woodcut diagrams and illustrations in text. Old ownership stamp "Darquier" neatly stenciled on title (the Toulousain astronomer Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix 1718-1802?) Bound in 18th century vellum over paste boards, covers a bit soiled and abraded. Inconsequential soiling and a little spotting to title; even toning to some quires, but generally a fresh and appealing copy. Rare first edition of the author's first work, generally regarded as the most important treatise on mechanics since Archimedes and a critical influence on Galileo. The work is notable for its commitment to establishing mechanics on a rigorously mathematical basis, for its powerful argument that mechanics and statics are separate sciences and for its insistence that mechanics should not consider abstract and/or abstruse entities but the activity of machines. Stillman Drake particularly emphasizes the importance of the section on pulleys, where Monte reduces them (as he does most other simple machines) to a lever. As such, the work has technological implications for navigation, manufacture, the plastic arts and medicine (f. 245)."From the time of its publication in 1577. [it was] the most authoritative treatise on statics to emerge since antiquity, and it remained pre-eminent until the appearance of Galileo's Two New Sciences in 1638. It marks the high point of the Archimedean revival of the Renaissance" (Rose, Italian Renaissance of Mathematics, p. 222).Monte (1545-1607) studied mathematics at Padua and subsequently at Urbino, where he studied with Commandino, editing and publishing the latter's translation of Pappus. He conducted an extensive scientific correspondence with Galileo, securing for the Florentine his chairs at Pisa and later at Padua.* Adams U-7; Riccardi II.178; P.L. Rose, DSB IX.487-89, & The Italian Renaissance of Mathematics, pp. 222ff.; Biblioteca Mechanica, pp. 228-9.…

First edition. THEORY OF THE PLANISPHERE - THE JONES-MACCLESFIELD COPY . First edition, very rare, the Jones-Macclesfield copy, signed by William Jones, of the first modern theoretical treatise on the planisphere, an instrument for representing the celestial sphere on a plane surface. Guidobaldo was one of the most prominent figures in the renaissance of the mathematical sciences, and is famous for his Mechanicorum liber (1577), generally regarded as the most important treatise on mechanics since Archimedes and a critical influence on his friend and disciple Galileo. "Two years after the publication of the Mechanicorum Liber, Guidobaldo released the Planisphaeriorum Universalium Theorica (1579), re-edited after another two years later at Cologne. The treatise attended to the mathematical branch in which Guidobaldo seems to have been most interested besides mechanics, namely to perspective . Guidobaldo's treatise of 1579 is subdivided in two books and is dedicated to the explication of various types of planispheres. Planispheres had the function to represent in the plane the celestial sphere with all his significant circles - a procedure that obviously posed problems relative to stereographic or orthogonal projection, according to the type of planisphere. Fundamental for their construction were the empirical guidelines given in Ptolemy's Planisphaerium. A different way of stereographic projection had been found by Gemma Frisius (1508-55), exposed in De astrolabio catholico (1556), by assuming the centre of projection on the equinoctial circle, while in Ptolemy it was fixed in one of the two poles. The advantage of this method consisted in the possibility to adapt the planisphere to an arbitrary latitude (for that reason it was called 'universal'), while Ptolemy's was valid only for a specific horizon.In the first book, Guidobaldo attends to comment on Gemma Frisius's planisphere furnishing geometrical demonstrations of what had remained unproven by the Dutch mathematician. Furthermore, he gave the necessary indications to construct the described device. In the second book, Guidobaldo approached the analysis of the planisphere of Juan De Rojas, considered the inventor of the universal astrolabe. As the projection exposed by the Spanish mathematician refers to a point of observation at infinite distance, his planisphere poses problems relative to orthographic projection. Guidobaldo addressed himself to the topic with the usual mathematical rigour, inter alia proving that the section of a cylinder and a plane (not parallel to the axis of the cylinder) is generally an ellipse - a fact unknown both to De Rojas and to Frisius. Here, again, he exposed a scientific instrument appropriate to draw ellipses, with a clear and detailed theoretical justification. This fact confirms Guidobaldo's interest in the practical aspects connected with mathematics, besides his unquestioned skill to present theorisations of mathematical fields" (Frank, pp. 40-41). ABPC/RBH lists only one other complete copy in a contemporary binding in the last 40 years. Provenance: William Jones (1675-1749) (signature on title), probably acquired by him from John Collins (1626-83); the Earls of Macclesfield (South Library bookplate on front paste-down, embossed stamp on first two leaves); sold Sotheby's, 13 April 2005, lot 1434, £3,360 ($6,372). As the Macclesfield catalogue notes (A-C, p. 12), "It is not unreasonable to suppose that anything published before 1683 [in the Macclesfield library] belonged to him [i.e., Collins]". It would seem very likely that Collins would have owned a copy of this book, given his own interest in mathematical instruments - he wrote The sector on a quadrant (1658); Geometrical dyalling (1659); and The mariner's plain scale (1659). Jones acquired Collins's books and papers some time before he edited Newton's Analysis per quantitatum series (1711). "Painters were well acquainted with the representation of a three-dimensional object by three two-dimensional drawings, in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (plan, front and side elevations). For example, a projection by means of parallel lines was used by Albrecht Dürer in his Von Menschlicher Proportion in 1528. Dürer used an orthographic projection to foreshorten the heads of humans, showing a top, front and side view, a method already used by Piero della Francesca in his unpublished manuscript De Prospectiva Pingendi. Thus, as a drawing method, a projection along parallel lines must have been common practice in the painter's workshop. However, it was left to the designers of mathematical instruments around the middle of the sixteenth century to understand the orthographic projection as a projection along parallel lines perpendicular to the plane of projection with the center of projection at infinity. "Astrolabes had a plate showing a map of the celestial sphere. The equator, the tropics, the ecliptic, the lines of equal azimuth and the almucantars were projected onto the astrolabe plate. Most common, also in the sixteenth century, was the use of a stereographic projection, with the south celestial pole as center of projection and the plane of the equator (or a plane parallel to it) as the plane of projection. This type of stereographic projection was used by Stöffler in his Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii (1513). "However, a major drawback was that the astrolabe plate made with this type of stereographic projection could only be used at the particular latitude it was designed for - each latitude asked for a different plate. The sixteenth century saw the publication of two different types of projection that were considered to be a solution to this problem. These projections allowed a 'universal' application of the astrolabe, that is, only one plate was needed, whatever the latitude of the observer or user of the astrolabe. "In 1556, the 'astrolabum catholicum' of Gemma Frisius was posthum. Signed.…