croisey (3 Ergebnisse)

Original copper engravings, c. 1750 Croisey Cours des Rivieres Chaudes Original copper engravings, c. 1750 Portrait 210 x 165 mm PS25.

Very good. Minor repairs and reinforcements on verso Original fold lines. Margins narrow. Size 16 x 21.75 Inches. This is a rare and unusual 1777 map of the North Pacific in the vicinity of Alaska, the Bering Strait, and northeastern Siberia based upon Russian Promyshlenniki (trader) exploration. It appeared accompanying one of the earliest works on Russian commerce, the M. de Marbault's Essai sur le Commerce de Russie, avec l'Histoire de ses Decouvertes . Sources Marbault's precise sources are obscure, but he was in Russia while preparing his work serving as secretary to Durand, then minister of France in Russia, and thus may have had direct access to Russian geographical sources and traders. The map post-dates the Russian state-sponsored Great Northern Expedition of Vitus Bering (1733 - 1743) but pre-dates the English voyages of Captain James Cook, who definitively remapped the Pacific Northwest on his third and final voyage (1776 - 1779). Bering's Great Northern Expedition focused Russian attention on the potential resources and wealth of northeast Siberia and, presumably, the northwesternmost extremes of America. Entering A Confused Field With Bering's new knowledge of some of the Aleutian Islands and potential easy access to American shores from Siberia, Russian promyshlenniki fur traders eager for new richer sources of sable, otter, and seal furs launched a series of commercial expeditions from the coast of Kamchatka. Their efforts resulted in a confused array of maps of the Aleutian Islands and the American coast based on a combination of unscientific mapping and flawed interpretations of Inuit cartographic knowledge. The most important of these was the secret expedition of Ivan Synd, whose (now lost) cartography caused Gerhard Muller to redraw his important map of 1758. The second state of Muller's map, issued in 1773, replaces his iconic peninsula with a series of islands - as reported by Synd, including the island of 'Alakcha' - marking some of the earliest usage of that term, an Aleut word meaning 'big island' or possibly 'mainland.' A Fresh Approach Although the map here clearly owes some debt to Muller's second map, particularly in the treatment of the American mainland and the shape of the islands of 'Alakcha,' it is far from a slavish copy and the nomenclature employed suggests the author had access to additional Russian source material. The proto-Aleutian Islands south of 'Alakcha' island appear unrelated in form, nomenclature, and situation to any previous known work, including that of Muller, and may reference lost Synd cartography, Andrean Tolktykh's expedition, the explorations Petr Krenitsyn and Mikhail Levashev, or possibly even other lesser known Promyshlenniki literature. Certainly, much of the nomenclature is derived directly from Krenitsyn and Levashev, and given the secretive nature of this voyage, it is remarkable that their nomenclature found its way into Marbault's work. Publication History and Census This map was engraved by Jean-Baptiste Croisey to illustrate Marbault's, Essai sur le Commerce de Russie, avec l'Histoire de ses Decouvertes , issued in Amsterdam in 1777. The book is well-represented in institutional collections. We see the separate map listed only twice in OCLC, by the University of British Columbia and the National Library of Scotland. References: OCLC 316508971.

Good. Recornered with slight manuscript reinstatement of border area. Surface mends at left and right with virtually no loss. Folds reinforced, with few areas of visible wear. Else very good. Size 22.75 x 37 Inches. This superb 1770 map of Tamil Nadu, India was engraved in Paris by P. Croisey and is attributed to Jean Bourcet, the chief French military engineer in the city of Pondicherry during the Seven Years' War. The map, oriented to the west, depicts the Carnatic and the southern Coromandel Coast, the theatre of the Carnatic Wars (1744 - 1763) and the First Anglo-Mysore War (1767 - 1799). Though often fought locally between the Nawabs of the Carnatic and the Sultanate of Mysore, the conflict was essentially between the British East India Company and France. Proxy Wars Beginning as an offshoot of the War of the Austrian Succession and extending through the Seven Years' War, England and France fought in a series of conflicts throughout India. The central and deciding regional fights would all fought in the south, within the bounds of this map. Direct battles between the European powers were rare: the fighting was largely characterized by small, disciplined, and technologically superior European forces employed to shift the balance of forces in local power struggles. Key battles are marked on the map and dated. Those with a French commander present are noted with that officer's name, and a notation indicating the character of the fight: a French win, a French loss, or a draw. The Fortifications Nineteen inset views detail the fortifications of cities at play, each associated with a larger power: French, English, Dutch, Danish, or Carnatic. These include Cuddalore, Machilipatnam, Negapatam, Poonamallee, Pondichéry, Bombay, Chingleput, Tranquebar, Tiruchirapalli, Wandiwash, Vishakhapatnam, Gingee, Calcutta, Arcati, Trincomalee, Divicoté, Madras, Carangouli, and the Pagoda of Chalembron. The source for these views is likely Bourcet, the chief French military engineer in Pondicherry, and the figure to whom the overall map is generally attributed. Publication History and Census This map was engraved and published in Paris, France by P. Croisey, likely based upon cartography provided by Paul Bourcet. The map is rare: British Library, the Sachische Landesbibliothek, the University of Bern, and the BNF. We see trade catalog records for three examples of this map going back to 1994. References: OCLC 556971834. Gole 69.