Central asia map (15 Ergebnisse)
CENTRAL ASIA & THE INDIAN FRONTIER - an Original Coloured Map, Printed C1908
CENTRAL ASIA & THE INDIAN FRONTIER - an Original Coloured Map, Printed C1908
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: George Philip & Son/The London Geographical Institute, London, 1908
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In den WarenkorbNo Binding. Zustand: Very Good. An original map, printed in full colour, central fold. A map of Central Asia and the Indian Frontier showing the railways and the steamer routes connecting them.
Verlag: S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr., New York, 1860
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In den WarenkorbFolio (15¼" X 12¼", image area 13 3/4" X 11¼"). Hand colored. Very good. Light age toning and bit of faint soiling. Bright, boldly colored example of this fascinating and far-ranging map, a number of whose country names (Burma, Siam, Formosa, etc.) and boundaries (Tibet almost as large as China) are vastly different today, from…the 1864 edition of "Mitchell's New General Atlas, Containing Maps of the Various Countries of the World, Plans of Cities, Etc." Attractive floral border.
Verlag: S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr., New York, 1860
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In den WarenkorbFolio (15¼" X 12¼", image area 13 3/4" X 11¼"). Hand colored. Very good. Mild age toning only. A bright and bold example of this fascinating and far-ranging map, a number of whose country names (Burma, Siam, Formosa, etc.) and boundaries (Tibet almost as large as China) are vastly different today, from the 1864 edition of "Mitch…ell's New General Atlas, Containing Maps of the Various Countries of the World, Plans of Cities, Etc." Sharp, bright coloring and with handsome decorative border.
Map of Central Asia Showing the Route of the Earl of Dunmore 1892-3.
1893 Johnston Map of Central Asia Tracing the Route of the Earl of Dunmore
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In den WarenkorbSoft cover. Very good. Even overall toning. Light wear along original fold lines. Verso repairs to fold separations. Blank on verso. Size 8.75 x 23.25 Inches. This is an 1893 map by William and Alexander Keith Johnston of Central Asia, published by the Royal Geographic Society, to trace the route taken by the Earl of Dunmore in…his travels through Kashmir, the Xinjiang province of China, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and through Turkmenistan to the Caspian Sea. The region - largely a Chinese frontier - was the site of significant Russian efforts to exert influence at the time, and it is in that context that the Earl of Dunmore's journey took place. Following the track, for example, one sees what appears to be a curious detour into the Pamir mountains between Yarkand and Kashgar; here, Dunmore's expedition was following a Chinese force sent to counter Russian incursions Aktash region. The region was also the site of conflict between Russian and Afghan forces - indeed, the journey took place only a few years before the border between Russia and Afghanistan was set with the signing of the Pamir Boundary Commission protocols in 1895. Dunmore's return route from Samarkand was undertaken on the Russian Trans-Caspian Railway; constructed in order to facilitate Russian troop movements along the frontier, the British considered this railway to be a particular threat to their interests in Asia. The Great Game - the struggle for Afghanistan From 1830 until 1895, a political and diplomatic confrontation, known as 'The Great Game', existed between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and other territories in Central and Southern Asia. 'The Great Game', as it is known, was ignited due to Russian fears that Britain was making commercial and military inroads in Central Asia, while Britain mutually feared Russia adding 'the jewel in the crown' (India) to its vast empire in Asia. Several wars were fought, including the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1838, the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845, the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1848, and the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1878, along with the Russian annexations of Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand. Per historians, the Great Game ended on September 10, 1895 with the signing of the Pamir Boundary Commission protocols, which defined the border between Afghanistan and the Russian Empire. Publication History and Census The map was published in the Geographical Journal of 1893 to accompany the Earl of Dunmore's account of his journey. The separate map is catalogued only once in institutional collections, at the University of Chicago. The map appears to be scarce on the market. References: OCLC 71212659.
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In den WarenkorbSoft cover. Very good. Exhibits light wear along original fold lines. Some offsetting. Left margin extended. Blank on verso. Size 14 x 18.25 Inches. This is an 1861 John Murray map of Central Asia tracing Pyotr Semyonov's (1827 - 1914) first European ascent into the Tian Shan Mountains. The map depicts the region from Lake Balka…sh south to the Tian Shan Mountains, encompassing modern-day Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and western China - at the time considered one of the most remote and inaccessible parts of the world. The Semyonov Expedition to the Tian Shan Mountains A red line traces the Russian mountaineer Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov Tyan-Shansky's (???? ???????? ???????-???-???????; 1827 - 1914) 1857 expedition into the heart of the Tian Shan Mountains, which he undertook at the suggestion of the German naturalist Alexander von Humbolt (1769 - 1859), under whom he studied geography in Berlin. Pyotr visited the Eastern Kyrgyzstan Lake Issyk Kul, the world's second-largest saltwater lake, and then explored the interior of the Tian Shan Range. He became the first European to look on the dramatic Tengri Tag (Mountains of Heaven) panorama and see the second highest peak, Khan Tengri. Semyonov published the first systematic description of the region in 1858 to immediate international acclaim. His monograph was so influential and career-defining that fifty years later Czar Nicholas II of Russia authorized Semyonov to 'Tian-Shansky' (of the Tian Shan) to his name. Publication History and Census This map was created by John Murray and engraved by Edward Weller for publication in Volume Thirty-One of The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1861. The present map is extremely scarce and is not cataloged in OCLC.
Carte de la Perse, de la Georgie, et de la Tartarie Independante.
1780 Bonne Map of Tartary or Central Asia: Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, Tibet
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In den WarenkorbGood. Some discoloration along fold line and foxing in the margins. Size 8 x 12.25 Inches. This map of Tartary, or Central Asia, from the Black Sea to Tibet was issued in 1780 by Rigobert Bonne. It covers much of the Middle East and Central Asia, including 'Independent Tartary,' which was gradually incorporated into the Russian…Empire in the 19th century. A Closer Look This map is small but detailed and beautifully crafted. Towns, religious structures, cities, and mountains are depicted in miniature representations. An impressive, if somewhat imprecise, level of detail greets the viewer. As is reflected here, the territories historically considered as Persia were disunified at this time. The long-reigning Safavid Dynasty was in decline and under attack from multiple directions, including at the hands of the Ottomans, Russians, and Afghans. In the mid-1730s, the brilliant military commander Nader Shah established a new Afsharid Dynasty, expelled the invading forces, and even staged a raid on Mughal Delhi that brought back tremendous riches to Persia. However, in his later years, Nader became cruel and megalomaniacal, inciting revolts and eventually his own assassination in 1747. Afterwards, Persia descended into a chaotic situation with further foreign invasions, until relative calm was restored by Karim Khan of the Zand Dynasty based at Shiraz (here as Shiras). Publication History and Census This map was drawn by Bonne for Guillame Raynal's Atlas de Toutes les Parties Connues du Globe Terrestre, Dressé pour l'Histoire Philosophique et Politique des Établissemens et du Commerce des Européens dans les Deux Indes . Both the map itself and the entire atlas in this edition are held by a handful of libraries in North America and Europe. References: Rumsey 3083.034, OCLC 70125567, 837639509.
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In den WarenkorbVery good. Some toning and wear along original centerfold. Minor foxing. Original platemark visible. Damp stain near bottom centerfold. Size 12.5 x 17.5 Inches. A beautiful example of Rigobert Bonne's c.1778 decorative map of Central Asia. Covers from the Black Sea south to China, north to Russia, and south to Persia and India.…Includes the modern day nations of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, with parts of adjacent Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan. Names numerous tribal areas, villages, cities, deserts, Silk Route way stations, and river systems. This area was originally inhabited by Turkic and Mongol peoples of the Mongol Empire who were generically referred to as Tartars. A large decorative title cartouche in the lower left quadrant features articles supposedly common to the region. Drawn by R. Bonne for issue as plate no. B 27 in Jean Lattre's Atlas Moderne . References: Rumsey 2612.060. Phillips (Atlases) 664. National Maritime Museum, 215.
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In den Warenkorb1st Edition. Very good. Original centerfold. Size 19.75 x 23.5 Inches. A beautiful large format 1814 John Thomson map of Tartary - a nebulous term that referred to all of Central Asia north of China and India, and South of the Russian Empire, and from the Caspian Sea, to Sakhalin. A Closer Look Coverage is expansive, illustratin…g a broad but then poorly understood swath of Asia. It is divided into Independent Tartary, corresponding loosely to modern day Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and Chinese Tartary, embracing lands claimed by the Qing, including Tibet, the Gobi, and most of Mongolia. In essence, the map is configured roughly along the lines of the old Mongol Empire, with the territories controlled by the sons of Kublai Khan, based in Peking, defined as Chinese Tartary, and the territory to the west of Kashgar, modern day Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, occupied by various independent 'Hordes,' including the Great Horde, the Kirguses Hordes, and the Kharizm. The supposed site of the ancient capital of the Great Khan, Karakum, is noted in the Gobi. A portion of the ancient Silk Road caravan route from Lok Nor to China is recognizable with caravan stops marked, among them the legendary cities of Bokhara, Kashgar, and Samarkand. Within a few years, Russia and England would begin maneuvering to seize control of this area in a decades long conflict known as the 'Great Game'. Publication History and Census This map was prepared and engraved in 1814 in Edinburgh for inclusion in the 1817 first edition of John Thomson's New General Atlas . Unlike most Thomson maps, no engraver is named. The map is well represented in institutions and appears on the market from time to time. References: Rumsey 1007.040. Phillips (Atlases) 731. Newberry Library: Ayer 135 T4 1817.
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In den WarenkorbGood. Even toning. Impression light along the border, especially at bottom. Size 10.75 x 13 Inches. A thorough Italian language map of Central Asia (Turkestan) produced by Francesco Marmocchi for his 1858 work Il Globo Atlante di Carte Geografiche . It portrays the vicinity of the Caspian and Aral Seas at a time when the Russian… Empire was beginning a methodical conquest of the entire region. A Closer Look Coverage extends from the Caucasus in the west to the Ferghana Valley in the east, and from Orenburg in the north to Bukhara in the south. Aside from the two seas noted in the title, the map is especially detailed in the indication of waterways, including the dozens of lakes amid the steppes of today's central and eastern Kazakhstan. Other ecological features, along with cities and mountains, are also indicated. The location of Bukhara is denoted with a hand-written annotation, most likely a result of the lack of knowledge about the emirate in Europe. The Aral Sea is seen here before its drastic reduction beginning in the 1960s, due to massive irrigation projects on the lower Syr Darya River (here as Sir Deria), which have contributed to the near-complete disappearance of the lake. Russia's Expansion into Central Asia Russian contacts with Central Asia predated this map by many centuries and Russian national identity is largely rooted in the relationship with the steppe and interaction (trade, warfare, etc.) with steppe-dwelling peoples. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Russian Empire established a series of border forts that roughly followed the edge of the forested land before reaching the steppe, also concurrent with the present-day border between the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. Occasional forays into the steppes were attempted but conquering those territories in any meaningful sense remained elusive. Using the latest military, communication, and transportation technology, the Russian Empire focused intently in the mid-19th century on subjugating Central Asia. Although the region had lost some of its wealth and luster from the height of the Silk Road, it was still home to powerful states that held their own in tussles with neighboring empires in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The Russians encountered difficulties in trying to control the region, starting with a disastrous attack on Khiva in 1839 (it was eventually conquered in 1873). Rather than military strategy or technology, the main obstacle was supplying troops so far from the Russian heartland in a region with minimal infrastructure. Getting supplies to the main staging area at Orenburg was difficult enough, but then they needed to be moved across vast distances through desert and steppe. What could not be moved up rivers had to be carried over land, usually by caravans of horses, oxen, and camels, which required their own food and water. Thus, Russian progress into Central Asia was consistent but slow. Following the Khiva debacle, sights were set on establishing a line of forts along the Syr Darya River, encroaching on the territory of the Khanate of Kokand. This string of forts allowed the Russians to overcome their logistical challenges and expand further into the eastern Kazakh steppe, reaching the portion of Central Asia controlled by the Qing Dynasty by 1851. With this eastern flank secured, the next several decades were spent in conquering Kokand, Khiva, Bukhara, and other territories to the west and south. Publication History and Census This map appeared as Plate No. 12 in Francesco Marmocchi's Il Globo Atlante di Carte Geografiche , published in 1858, the year of Marmocchi's death. The maps in the atlas employ the plates used in his earlier work Geografia Commerciale , including the title of that work on each map, which may explain the close cutting of the margin here. It was engraved by G. Cattaneo and published by Paolo Rivara in Genoa. This map is not independently cataloged in the OCLC and is very scarce to the market, while the entire atl.
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In den WarenkorbVery good. Exhibits light wear along original fold lines. Exhibits light foxing. Accompanied by original article. Size 17 x 25.5 Inches. This is an 1886 M. Kossiakof map of Turkestan in Central Asia. Red lines trace Kossiakof's route through the Rasht Valley (Karateghin) and Darvaz (Darwaz) regions with the 1881 Regel Expedition…. The primarily botanically focused 1881 expedition was led by Johann Albert von Regel (1845 - 1909), a Swiss-Russian physician and botanist. Nonetheless, the Regel Expedition was one of the first European penetrations into the area. Kossiakof was a military topographer attached to the mission. He mapped the region, labeling cities, towns, and villages through which the group passed. Rivers are illustrated. In the lower right corner, an inset map of Asia and eastern Europe situates the depicted area in a continental manner. The map covers only the actual path followed, along with the observable surrounds, underscoring Kossiakof's integrity in illustrating only scientifically confirmed geography. Publication History and Census This map was engraved by Edward Weller from Kossiakof's survey map that accompanied the original Russian article. It was published in the January 1886 edition of the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography and accompanied E. Delmar Morgan's translation of Kossiakof's article. An example is cataloged in OCLC and is part of the institutional collection at the University of Chicago. References: OCLC 173491927.
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In den WarenkorbGood. Wear along original fold lines. Verso repair to a fold separation. Pinholing in corners and along sides. Dated Events Map of Europe on verso. Size 20 x 26 Inches. This is a Stanley Francis Turner map of the Pacific Theater of World War II (1939 - 1945), published in late October or early November 1944. As with Turner's oth…er World War II maps, short text boxes highlight important events during the war up to publication, in this case from the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, until the U.S. invasion of the Philippines on October 17, 1944. A Closer Look - World War II in the Pacific Depicting from central India to Hawaii and from the Soviet Union and Alaska to northern Australia, Turner highlights Allied victories and Japanese expansion across the Pacific (including Corregidor, Bataan, and Guam). Text boxes inform on Japanese incursions into Manchuria, China, and French Indochina, as well as their alliance with the Axis. The Battle of Midway, Battle of the Coral Sea, and Battle of the Solomons are referenced by name. Red illustrates areas of under Allied control (India, Australia, and part of New Guinea). Pink, which colors the rest of New Guinea, part of New Britain, and most of the Solomon Islands, shades territory that has been retaken from the Japanese, and orange areas represent territory occupied by the Japanese. Verso Content: Dated Events War Map of Europe An edition of Turner's Dated Events War Map of Europe occupies the verso. This map is not as up to date as the recto map of the Pacific. Major events from 1944, including the D-Day landings, are not included, not to mention the complete lack of information concerning the 1943 invasion of Sicily. Intriguingly, other important events from 1943 do appear, including the Tehran Conference between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin. The list of events on the Eastern Front (labeled 'The Great Russian Offensive') also includes events through the end of October 1943. Two polar inset maps occupy the upper corners. Publication History and Census This map was created by Stanley Francis Turner and published by C. C. Peterson in 1944. We note a single example cataloged in OCLC: University of Minnesota Twin Cities, and another with the David Rumsey Map Collection. References: Rumsey 10010.001. OCLC 613361665.
Weitere BilderTurkestan and the countries between the British and the Russian Dominions in Asia.
1879 Atkinson / Survey of India 'Great Game' Map of Central Asia
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In den WarenkorbGood. Some wear and loss along fold lines and at fold intersections. Size 59 x 80 Inches. This is a fascinating 1879 map of Central Asia, divided into four large folding sheets, produced by G.W.E. Atkinson, a British Survey of India expert on Tibet, the Himalayas, and Central Asia. It was produced at the height of the 'Great Gam…e' and intended for use by the government and military of British India. This map provides unique insight into the collaborative process of Russian and British surveyors operating in Central Asia despite ongoing political conflict. A Closer Look The map is divided into four sheets, each roughly 29 x 40 inches: the first (top-left) includes the Caspian and Aral Seas and takes in Khiva, Bukhara, and Samarkand in the western part of modern Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; the second (top-right) includes Lake Balkhash, the Tianshan mountains, and the western part of Eastern Turkestan (also known as Chinese Turkestan or Xinjiang), taking in Turkestan (Turkistan), Kuldja (Ghulja), Jizzakh, and the settlements in the western parts of the Tarim Basin (Kashgar, Yarkand, Aksu, and Kuchar); the third (bottom-left) covers much of Persia and the western half of Afghanistan as well as part of Baluchistan; and the fourth (bottom-right) ranges from the eastern half of Afghanistan, through the northern portion of British India, the Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains, and to the western part of the Himalayas and Tibet. Sources - An Imperial Exchange The number of sources drawn on attest to the importance of the accuracy of this map. In particular, the Survey of India used Russian [Army] Topographical Department maps to compile their own maps, and the Russians likewise used British maps to improve theirs. In fact, despite the competition between the imperial superpowers, cartographers and explorers from both sides were quite ready to exchange information, motivated by a shared interest in improving geographical knowledge. Accurate geographical knowledge was an important factor in preventing a wider conflict. A series of agreements between the Russians and British beginning in 1873 defined the region's borders and helped develop a buffer zone between British and Russian spheres. But - Back to Conflict Still, Russian expansion and British finagling of local rulers made for rapid territorial changes. Also, at this time, Qing China had just reconquered Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang) after a series of large revolts, and in the following decades, would seek to dissuade British and Russian adventurism in Xinjiang and Tibet. Russia's Conquest of Central Asia Russian contacts with Central Asia predated this map by many centuries, and Russian national identity is largely rooted in the relationship with the steppe and interaction (trade, warfare, etc.) with steppe-dwelling peoples. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Russian Empire established a series of border forts that roughly followed the edge of the forested land before reaching the steppe, concurrent with the present-day border between the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. Occasional forays into the steppes were attempted, but conquering those territories in any meaningful sense remained elusive. Using the latest military, communication, and transportation technology, the Russian Empire focused intently in the mid-19th century on subjugating Central Asia. Although the region had lost some of its wealth and luster from the height of the Silk Road, it was still home to powerful states that held their own in skirmishes with neighboring empires in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The Russians encountered difficulties controlling the region, starting with a disastrous 1839 attack on Khiva. (Khiva was eventually conquered in 1873). Rather than military strategy or technology, the main obstacle for the Russians was supplying troops so far from the Russian heartland in a region with minimal infrastructure. Getting supplies to the main staging area at Orenburg was difficult enough, but then th.
Weitere Bilder[Turkestan with the adjoining portions of the British and Russian territories.]
1869 Survey of India Map of Central Asia w/ Manuscript Spycraft
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In den WarenkorbVery good. Photozincograph print on four sheets, dissected and mounted on linen for folding, with marbled end paper. Contemporary wash and outline color, manuscript pencil notation showing travelers' routes and geographical corrections. Size 42.5 x 58 Inches. This monumental c. 1869 British intelligence map from the height of th…e Great Game details the southern frontier of the Russian Empire in Asia, extending southwards to the British sphere of influence in Afghanistan, the Punjab and Kashmir. This represented the primary theatre of the Great Game - the struggle for control in Central Asia between Russia and the British Empire. The map includes numerous manuscript annotations and updates including records of George Hayward's ill-fated reconnaissance (spy) mission into the Pamirs. A Closer Look The western part of the map reaches as far as the Aral Sea and Kashmar, formerly Torsh?z (???) in Persia. The eastern limits of the map are dominated by the Chinese Empire. The lands covered are today divided between Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan across the center, Kyrgyzstan in the east, Tajikistan in the southeast, and Turkmenistan in the southwest. This represented the primary theatre of The Great Game - the struggle for control in Central Asia between Russia and the British Empire. Not Intended for Publication The map is a photozincographic executed in Dehra Dun by the Survey of India then under the leadership of J. T. Walker. The process, favored for speed and economy, sacrificed certain elements of quality: creases in the original are evident in this copy, for example. Such maps were not intended for commercial use, however, and such flaws were acceptable when a map was time sensitive. Consequently, survey maps thus reproduced were often intended for use in the gathering and governmental dissemination of new geographical information, often for espionage and military intelligence. This certainly seems to be the case with this example. Printed in 1868, the map bears manuscript notations that place the map's use in the next year, or 1870 at the latest. The Russian Push into Central Asia The map captures the peak of Russian expansionism in Central Asia. The manuscript additions and coloring highlights three specific areas. In the south, bordered in red, is the British sphere of influence in northern India, inclusive of parts of what are now Pakistan and Nepal. Kashmir is shown as well. In the northern portions of the map, yellow and green hand color marks the limits of the Sirdaria District (Sirdaryo Region of Uzbekistan) and the Semirechensk District (Semirechyenskaya Oblast, now southeastern Kazakhstan and northeastern Kyrgyzstan.) Sirdaryo This is the region of central Uzbekistan along the left bank of the Syr Darya River. Most of the region is desert, as is accurately indicated on the map. In 1873, much of this area - notably the Zarafshan valley in the Kyzylkum desert (Kizil Kim on the map) would be made a Russian protectorate according to a treaty signed in Qarshi. This map was produced at the time this was being made a fait accompli. The Semirechyenskaya District This region was part of the Khanate of Kokand (1709 - 1876.) Weakened by civil war, the Khanate fell prey to Russia. Semirechyenskaya was assimilated into Russia in 1854; Tashkent seized in 1865; and Khujand in 1867. Kokand became a Russian vassal state in 1868, and Russian control over the region was formally recognized in the 1881 Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Russia and China. All of this was well in motion at the time this map was produced, and it was likely called for expressly to analyze new data coming to light with respect to this strategic area. The Hayward Expeditions Pencil notations mark the 1868 and 1869 journeys of ill-fated English explorer George Jonas Whitaker Hayward (c. 1839 - 1870). The detail part of his efforts to find the source of the Oxus River (Amu Darya), and to explore the Pamir Mountains. He was so tasked by Sir Henry Creswicke R. Signed by Author(s).
Stannard and Son's Bird's-Eye View of Afghanistan and Central Asia.
1885 Concanen Bird's-Eye View Map of Afghanistan and Central Asia
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In den WarenkorbGood. Wear along original fold lines. Verso repairs to fold separations and at a fold intersection. Silked, but still vivid. Light soiling. Size 21.5 x 28 Inches. This is a rare 1885 Alfred Concanen bird's-eye view map of Central Asia. Karachi, the Indus River Delta, and the Persian Gulf occupy the foreground and India, Iran, Af…ghanistan, reach toward the horizon, with Russia in the background. The Caspian Sea appears along the left border. Numerous important cities, including Kabul (Cabul), Samarkand, Bukhara, Tehran, Isfahan, Kandahar, Srinagar, and Hyderabad are all labeled, along with many others. Mountain ranges and mountain passes are identified. The Panjdeh Incident Russia had been slowly expanding into Central Asia since the 1873 invasion and annexation of Khiva. They began moving into modern-day western Turkmenistan in 1881 and by March 1884 held most of modern Turkmenistan. Russian incursion near the northern frontiers of Afghanistan concerned both the Amir of Afghanistan and the British Raj. By extension, the Britain felt that its control of India was threatened, since a likely path for a Russian invasion of India was south through Herat, Kandahar, and Quetta in Afghanistan. In what has become known as the Panjdeh Incident, known as the Battle of Kushka in Russian historiography, Russian troops attacked and captured an Afghan outpost at Ak Tepe on March 30, 1885. While Britain saw this as an overt act that would likely lead to war, Czar Alexander III of Russia suggested arbitration and Britain accepted. This years-long series of negotiations led to the formal establishment of the northeastern border of Afghanistan, roughly where it is today. The Great Game 'The Great Game' was a diplomatic confrontation between the British and Russian Empires over Afghanistan and other territories in Central and Southern Asia. The conflict, rooted in long-standing animosity between Russia and Britain, revolved around Afghanistan, which, while lacking significant resources of its own, was strategically situated. For its part, Russia feared Britain was making commercial and military inroads into Central Asia, an area long within the sphere of influence of St. Petersburg. Britain, conversely, feared Russia making gains in India, 'the jewel in the crown' of British Asia. The escalating tensions led to several wars and proxy wars: The First Anglo-Afghan War (1839 - 1842), the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845 - 1846), the Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848 - 1849), and the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878 - 1880), along with the Russian annexations of Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand. Then as now, Afghanistan proved a grinding stone upon which the world's great empires diminished themselves, none achieving a definitive victory despite committing staggering resources. The Great Game 'ended' on September 10, 1895, with the signing of the Pamir Boundary Commission Protocols, which stabilized the border between Afghanistan and the Russian Empire - but well into the 20th century the British were well aware the conflict remained. Regarding the attitude of Afghans to the British and to the Russians, the general assumption of the British was that 'Some will fight for us, some against us, but all will fight.' War as Art Lithograph 'seat of war' perspective views began to appear in Europe in the 1840s. At the time, cartography, although widely disseminated, rarely offered significant regional detail. Such information, particularly in time of war, would have been considered valuable state-controlled secrets. Nonetheless, the rise of news-consumption, general literacy, and economical printing techniques created a voracious appetite for cartographic knowledge. In addition, active war engendered passionate interest on the home front - where are our boys? Recognizing an opportunity, European commercial lithographers began to illustrate European wars using expansive bird's-eye style views, which enabled readers to understand the geographic deportment, terrain, and character o.
Carte Nouvelle de la Grande Tartarie.
1696 Mortier Map of Siberia, Central Asia, China, Korea and Japan
- Karte
Anbieter: Geographicus Rare Antique Maps, Brooklyn, NY, USAGeographicus Rare Antique Maps
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EUR 3.492,75
EUR 14,71 VersandVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbFine. A joined, untrimmed example with superb original wash and outline color, heightened with gold. Size 22.5 x 39 Inches. This is a stunning, original-color example of Pierre Mortier's 1696 two-sheet map of northern Asia, Siberia, and Tartary. It is drawn primarily from two sources: Hubert Jaillot's 1695 six-sheet wall map of…Asia and Nicolaes Witsen's 1687 map of Tartary. As a result, this map represents the most up-to-date cartography of central and northeastern Asia of the seventeenth century, which would not be significantly improved upon until the maps of Strahlenberg thirty years later. The Foundation These two sheets were bound individually, without any specific title, in Mortier's Amsterdam editions of Hubert Jaillot's Atlas Nouveau beginning in 1696. They were often issued joined, however, with the pasted-down title ' Carte Nouvelle de la Grande Tartarie, par Monsieur N. Witsen, Bourgemaistre etc. etc. A Amsterdam. Dressée sur les Dégrées de Sr. Sanson. Se vend chez Pierre Mortier .' (The present example is of the joined variety, with the paste-down.) Sanson's contribution to the map should not be overstated: the work is laid out on a projection matching Nicolas Sanson's map of the region, but the cartographic detail presented here supplants anything the mid-seventeenth-century Parisian geographer knew of Asia. Many of Jaillot's maps were essentially expanded versions of Sanson's, and the name of the former Geographer to the King still carried weight - indeed, Jaillot credited Sanson more prominently in his atlas' title than he did himself, and Mortier followed suit. But this map contains significant details which did not come to light until well after Sanson's death, and which moreover did not appear in Jaillot's Paris-published atlas. Witsen's Tartaria The whole of the Asian Northeast - everything extending north and east from the Caspian Sea, to the Pacific Ocean from the 55th parallel northwards - is here derived from the 1687 map of Nicolaes Witsen, the first European with access to Russian sources for these remote regions. The map was produced to accompany Witsen's book, Noord en Oost Tartarye (North and East Tartary) which would be the century's most authoritative work on those regions. Although Witsen had not traveled deeply in Russia, he visited Moscow in 1664 and 1665 and enjoyed unprecedented access to Russian sources, amassing detail from medieval and contemporaneous authors for his study on the northeastern extents of Asia, and Russia's expansion eastwards. Witsen's reputation for this work was nowhere greater than in Russia itself: even as late as the nineteenth century Russian historians found that he had used (and thereby preserved) Russian sources that had not otherwise survived. His book would be hailed by Russians as 'the most remarkable book about Asiatic Russia ever written by a foreigner.' There are many Russian and former Soviet nationalities, languages, and towns which were first recorded by Witsen's labor. Jaillot's 1695 Asia? Superficially, from the 55th parallel down to the 30th, the map suggests Sanson's geography as presented on Jaillot's maps of Asia. On closer inspection, however, the closest match for its mapping of Korea, Japan and China appears only in Jaillot's 1719 L'Asie divisée suivant l'estendue de ses principales parties , a six-sheet wall map of the continent first issued in 1695. Unfortunately, the sole institutional example of that first issue of the wall map - held by the Bibliothèque Nationale de France - has not been digitized by that institution, and we have seen no image of the map in any cartobibliography. Thus, the question remains open: did Jaillot's 1695 map include this Japan-China-Korea cartography, or was it amended to do so in 1719? This cartography did not appear on any of Jaillot's atlas maps printed in Paris, or in the Amsterdam editions copied from them. Puzzlingly, Jaillot's 1719 map shows a complete ignorance of Witsen's cartography of Tartary and Si.
