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Soft cover. Zustand: Fine. 230 pp., bibliography. Traditionally, The early modern era is regarded as a down period in the history of universities, between their youthful prosperity in the Middle Ages and the idealist revival in the 19th century. Scholastic and classical tradition, religious orthodoxy, political control, and nepotism hampered progress and made science a concern for courts and academies. Recent research has modified that appraisal, but not done away with it. Nor is it the aim of this volume to challenge it. The majority of the contributions look into practices and habits in teaching, recruiting and scholarship, aiming at a deeper understanding of what is different from today rather than tracing the origins of modernity. However, there are two exceptions to this. One is Oxford and Cambridge, where, it is argued, the beginnings of the research university started in the humanities, the other is the involvement of the University of Leiden in the struggle for Dutch independence.

Soft cover. Zustand: New. 221 pages : illustrations, facsimiles ; 25 cm. Samuel Pufendorf (16321694), the famous theorist on natural law in 17th century Europe, was a professor at the University of Lund in Sweden from 1668 to 1676. At Lund he is commemorated every year in the Pufendorf Lectures given by renowned international scholars. This book contains his original thinking in the form of notes taken at the lectures on natural law Pufendorf delivered 16721674. No other texts from his teaching are extant. In his lectures Pufendorf commented on his own books on natural law, De jure naturae et gentium and De officio hominis et civis. The manuscripts show how innovative ideas are disseminated and filtered through academic culture. In the history of ideas, Pufendorf is connected with secularization, a modernized concept of the state, a kind of constructivist ontology, and humanity. While this is not untrue, here his thoughts appear in their immediate pedagogic context, where theological and political considerations, academic machinations and the difficulty of taking lecture notes obscure the coherence and consistency of his theory. Its main ideas and their potential are nevertheless discernible in the midst of the conflicts and trivia of academic culture.