1707 eberhard isbrand ides (1 Ergebnisse)

Very good. Mend at bottom centerfold just entering image, slight loss. Old mounting on thick paper for binding; attractive original hand color. Few unobtrusive stains. Size 19.25 x 22.5 Inches. This is Eberhard Isbrand Ides' map of the Russian Empire in Asia, revised and engraved in 1707 by Johann Baptist Homann. Ides produced the map in 1704 to accompany the travelogue of his experiences in 1692 as an envoy sent by Peter the Great to Kangxi China in the wake of the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk. Although Ides credited his map to Nicolaes Witsen, the present work is more reflective of Russian cartography at the end of the 17th century than Witsen's cartography. Homann's revision of the map - placing it on a conic projection, a sophistication lacking in the Ides - sets this map apart both from its source and from other contemporaneous maps of the region. A Closer Look The map presents Russia in Asia from the Empire's western border with Sweden, Livonia, and Lithuania eastwards to a highly conjectural Pacific coastline. The map's scope includes Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen in the north (with a broad, frozen Arctic ) whilst reaching southwards to the Black and Caspian Seas, Persia, and the Mogul Empire (northern India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.) In the southeast, China and Korea are recognizable. The path taken by Ides on his 1692 embassy is traced from Moscow to the river Ob and east to Lake Baikal. From there, the track leads to Nerchinsk ( Nerzinskoi ) on the frontier with China, and then south through Chinese Tartary, crossing the Great Wall, to Peking. The Sources Ides - both by his own account and Witsen's - received a map from the Dutch scholar-statesman before undertaking his 1692 journey to China. Barring some general similarities in the presentation of the Caspian and Nova Zembla, the present work does not resemble Witsen's 1687 work, however. Bagrow identified its probable source as a Russian chertyozh , which Witsen hoped that Ides would be able to correct and improve. Bagrow suspected that Ides may have added content not only from his own journeys but also from Russian maps acquired in Moscow. The Russian origin of Ides' map tends to be supported by the rectilinear, primitive form of the maps appearing in the 1704 editions of his travelogue, reflective of Russian conventions at the end of the 17th century. (Homann corrected this in his 1707 iteration of the map, putting it instead on the conic projection evident here.) The cartography for China appearing here is derived from Dutch maps of the latter 17th century, with roots in the atlas of Martino Martini (1614 - 1661.) Likewise, the treatment of South Asia is derived from 17th-century Dutch sources. The Cartouche Ides' journey to China commanded by Tzar Peter the Great (1672 - 1725), and the map focuses on the extent of the Russian Empire; thus, it is not surprising that the cartouche celebrates the then-illustrious Tzar. Peter is depicted centrally in a conversation with a figure representing the Church (bearing a papal cross; possibly Homann was downplaying the division between the Roman and Orthodox churches, or this may be an allusion to Peter's efforts to westernize Orthodoxy.) To the right, European figures present the fruits of modern science: a ship, cannons, a globe, and a map. (This last deserves attention; it depicts an island in a bay and a modern star fort at the mouth of a river. There are no placenames; the second plate of this map, engraved between 1710 and 1716, identifies the fort as 'St. Petersburg' and the island as 'Reitskär' in the Finnish Sea. These were all recent Russian conquests in the ongoing Second Northern War (1700 - 1721). Books, musical instruments, a telescope, and a caduceus are piled at their feet, symbolizing mercantile power. To the left, Minerva (goddess of wisdom in war) chats with the muse Geometria, her sandaled foot on a globe. A putto at her feet studies a map of interconnected rivers and lakes, evoking the topology of central.…