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The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader

Duke University Press

Contents

PREFACE.....................................................................................................................................................................ixACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................................................................................xvINTRODUCTION Beyond Postcolonial Theory: Two Undertheorized Perspectives on Science and Technology..........................................................................1I. Counterhistories.........................................................................................................................................................331. Discovering the Oriental West John M. Hobson............................................................................................................................392. Long-Distance Corporations, Big Sciences, and the Geography of Knowledge Steven J. Harris...............................................................................613. Heroic Narratives of Quest and Discovery Mary Terrall...................................................................................................................844. Maria Sibylla Merian: A Woman of Art and Science Ella Reitsma...........................................................................................................1035. Prospecting for Drugs: European Naturalists in the West Indies Londa Schiebinger........................................................................................1106. Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanic Gardens Lucile H. Brockway........................................................................1277. Out of Africa: Colonial Rice History in the Black Atlantic Judith Carney................................................................................................140II. Other Cultures' Sciences................................................................................................................................................1518. Navigation in the Western Carolines: A Traditional Science Ward H. Goodenough...........................................................................................1599. Science for the West, Myth for the Rest? The Case of James Bay Cree Knowledge Construction Colin Scott..................................................................17510. Ecolinguistics, Linguistic Diversity, Ecological Diversity Peter Mühlhäusler.................................................................................19811. Gender and Indigenous Knowledge Helen Appleton, Maria E. Fernandez, Catherine L. M. Hill, and Consuelo Quiroz..........................................................21112. Whose Knowledge, Whose Genes, Whose Rights? Stephen B. Brush...........................................................................................................22513. The Role of the Global Network of Indigenous Knowledge Resource Centers in the Conservation of Cultural and Biological Diversity D. Michael Warren.....................247III. Residues and Reinventions..............................................................................................................................................26314. Development and the Anthropology of Modernity Arturo Escobar...........................................................................................................26915. Tradition and Gender in Modernization Theory Catherine V. Scott........................................................................................................29016. Security and Survival: Why Do Poor People Have Many Children? Betsy Hartmann...........................................................................................31017. Call for a New Approach Committee on Women, Population, and the Environment............................................................................................31818. The Human Genome Diversity Project: What Went Wrong? Jenny Reardon.....................................................................................................32119. Bioprospecting's Representational Dilemma Cori Hayden..................................................................................................................343IV. Moving Forward: Possible Pathways.......................................................................................................................................36520. Islamic Science: The Contemporary Debate Ziauddin Sardar...............................................................................................................37321. Mining Civilizational Knowledge Susantha Goonatilake...................................................................................................................38022. Towards the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Challenges to Thought and Practice Catherine A. Odora Hoppers............................................................38823. Human Well-Being and Federal Science: What's the Connection? Daniel Sarewitz...........................................................................................40324. Science in an Era of Globalization: Alternative Pathways David J. Hess.................................................................................................41925. Civic Science for Sustainability: Reframing the Role of Experts, Policy-Makers, and Citizens in Environmental Governance Karin Bäckstrand.........................439COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................................................................459INDEX.......................................................................................................................................................................463

Chapter One

Discovering the Oriental West

History cannot be written as if it belonged to one group [of people] alone. Civilization has been gradually built up, now out of the contributions of one [group], now of another. When all civilization is ascribed to the [Europeans], the claim is the same one which any anthropologist can hear any day from primitive tribes—only they tell the story of themselves. They too believe that all that is important in the world begins and ends with them ... We smile when such claims are made [by primitive tribes], but ridicule might just as well be turned against ourselves ... Provincialism may rewrite history and play up only the achievements of the historian's own group, but it remains provincialism. —RUTH BENEDICT

We have been taught, inside the classroom and outside of it, that there exists an entity called the West, and that one can think of this West as a society and civilization independent of and in opposition to other societies and civilizations [i.e., the East]. Many of us even grew up believing that this West has [an autonomous] genealogy, according to which ancient Greece begat Rome, Rome begat Christian Europe, Christian Europe begat the Renaissance, the Renaissance the Enlightenment, the Enlightenment political democracy and the industrial revolution. Industry, crossed with democracy, in turn yielded the United States, embodying the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness ... [This is] misleading, first, because it turns history into a moral...