the university of chicago press jul 2023 (21 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Nick Witham investigates how widely popular history books have gotten written, promoted, and institutionalized. Not just a matter of writing style, popular accessibility is also a product of an author's frame of mind, the editor's skill, and the publisher's marketing acumen, among other factors. Witham has done extensive work not just in historians' archives but in publishers' files. His primary subjects are Richard Hofstadter, Daniel Boorstin, John Hope Franklin, Gerda Lerner, and Howard Zinn-all popular historians who were explicitly concerned with the question of popularity. Collectively, they reveal the cross-influences of popular history writing and American popular culture'.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Special relativity challenges one's physical intuition of space, time, matter, and energy in a way that few other topics in physics do. Yet the subject is often treated as an extra in undergraduate courses-something to be picked up in a few random lectures and presented as a combination of geometric and logical puzzles (seemingly with the premise of getting the novice student to concede that Einstein was a genius and that the universe is weird). But special relativity is absolutely fundamental to modern physics. It is the canvas on which electromagnetism, particle physics, field theory, and ultimately general relativity are based. For physics students, developing a relativistic intuition isn't just a luxury: it's a requirement. Physicist and popular author Dave Goldberg provides a rigorous but conversational introduction to fill this void in spacetime education. Employing the standard calculus a sophomore or junior university student in science, engineering, or computer science will have encountered, Goldberg connects relativity to a student's work ahead, acquainting them with topics like tensors, the development of new physical theories, and how relativity directly relates to other disciplines. But more than this, Goldberg welcomes lifelong learners who may have encountered special relativity in popular accounts, but are seeking a mathematical challenge to understand an elegant physical theory'.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'The dual traumas of colonialism and slavery are still felt by Native Americans and African Americans as victims of ongoing cycles of white violence toward people of color. In The Feeling of Forgetting, John Corrigan trains our attention on an underexamined aspect of this historical trauma: the trauma experienced by white Americans as perpetrators of this violence. By tracing the practices of remembering and forgetting in the Christian tradition, Corrigan shows how experiences of racial violence and efforts, on the part of white Americans, to deliberately forget race are drivers of Christian nationalism and white supremacy. White trauma, Corrigan says, is detectable as an underground river in American culture. Sometimes it is powerfully joined with evangelical Christianity and surfaces at times in acts of brutality, terrorism, and insurrection. The Feeling of Forgetting is an attempt to understand how that process occurs, and how it is braided with the trauma of victims, so that we might be better positioned to address both'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'In Righting the American Dream, Diane Winston delivers a fresh and provocative analysis of the American news media's significant role in the Reagan Revolution. By focusing on four key news stories from 1983-Reagan's 'evil empire' speech, the AIDS outbreak, the invasion of Grenada, and the plight of America's poor-Winston reveals how these stories mainstreamed conservative religious and political values. Ronald Reagan's policies, informed by his Christian beliefs, overturned the social, political, and economic consensus that had been dominant since FDR. By carefully deploying evangelical ideas about individual responsibility, capitalism, and limited government in speeches and interviews, Reagan turned America to the right and initiated a social and political revolution, the effects of which are still being felt today. Righting the American Dream tells this story in vivid and compelling detail'.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Natural selection is responsible for some (but not all) changes in biological populations. Some traits or organisms are fitter than others, and natural selection occurs when there are changes in the distribution of traits in populations because of fitness differences. Many philosophers of biology insist that a trait's fitnesses should be defined as an average of the fitnesses of individual members of the population that have the trait. Marshall Abrams argues convincingly against this wide-spread approach. As he shows, it conflicts with the roles that fitness is supposed to play in evolutionary theory, and with the ways that evolutionary biologists use fitness concepts in empirical research. The assumption that a causal kind of fitness is fundamentally a property of actual individuals has resulted in unnecessary philosophical puzzles and years of debate. Abrams came to see that the fitnesses of traits that are the basis of natural selection cannot be defined in terms of fitnesses of actual members of populations in the way that philosophers of biology often claim. Rather, it is an overall population-environment system-not actual, particular organisms living in particular environmental conditions-that is the basis of traits' fitnesses. Abrams argues that by distinguishing different classes of fitness concepts and the roles they play in the practice of evolutionary biology, we can see that evolutionary biologists' diverse uses fitness concepts make sense together and are consistent with the idea that fitness differences cause evolution. Abrams's insight has broad significance, for it provides a general framework for thinking about the metaphysics of biological evolution and its relations to empirical research. As such, it is a game-changing book for philosophers of biology and applied philosophy of probability'.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'In 1945, researchers on a mission to Hiroshima with the United States Strategic Bombing Survey canvassed survivors of the nuclear attack. This marked the beginning of global efforts-by psychiatrists, psychologists, and other social scientists-to tackle the complex ways human minds were affected by the advent of the nuclear age. A trans-Pacific research network emerged that produced massive amounts of data about the dropping of the bomb and subsequent nuclear tests in and around the Pacific rim. Ran Zwigenberg traces these efforts and the ways they were interpreted differently across communities of researchers and victims. He explores how the bomb's psychological impact on survivors was understood before we had the concept of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. In fact, psychological and psychiatric research on Hiroshima and Nagasaki rarely referred to trauma or similar categories. Instead, institutional and political constraints-most notably the psychological sciences' entanglement with Cold War science-led researchers to concentrate on short-term damage and somatic reactions or even, in some cases, the denial of victims' suffering. As a result, very few doctors tried to ameliorate suffering. But, Zwigenberg argues, it was not only doctors that 'failed' to issue the right diagnosis: the victims' experiences as well did not necessarily conform to our contemporary expectations. As he shows, the category of trauma should not be used uncritically in a non-Western context, in which emotional suffering was understood differently. Consequently, this book sets out, first, to understand the historical, cultural, and scientific constraints in which researchers and victims were acting and, second, to explore the way suffering was understood in different cultural contexts before PTSD was a category of analysis'.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Reveals the previous underexplored influence of religious thought in building the foundations of the CIA. Michael Graziano's intriguing book fuses two landmark titles in American history: Perry Miller's Errand into the Wilderness (1956), about the religious worldview of the early Massachusetts colonists, and David Martin's Wilderness of Mirrors (1980), about the dangers and delusions inherent to the Central Intelligence Agency. Fittingly, Errand into the Wilderness of Mirrors investigates the dangers and delusions that ensued from the religious worldview of the early molders of the Central Intelligence Agency. Graziano argues that the religious approach to intelligence by key OSS and CIA figures like 'Wild' Bill Donovan and Edward Lansdale was an essential, and overlooked, factor in establishing the agency's concerns, methods, and understandings of the world. In a practical sense, this was because the Roman Catholic Church already had global networks of people and safe places that American agents could use to their advantage. But more tellingly, Graziano shows, American intelligence officers were overly inclined to view powerful religions and religious figures through the frameworks of Catholicism. As Graziano makes clear, these misconceptions often led to tragedy and disaster on an international scale. By braiding the development of the modern intelligence agency with the story of postwar American religion, Errand into the Wilderness of Mirrors delivers a provocative new look at a secret driver of one of the major engines of American power.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Displacing Territory explores the core concepts of territory and belonging-and humanizes refugees in the process. Based on fieldwork with Palestinian and Syrian refugees in Jordan, Displacing Territory explores how the lived realities of refugees are deeply affected by their imaginings of what constitutes territory and their sense of belonging to different places and territories. Karen Culcasi shows how these individual conceptualizations about territory don't always fit the Western-centric division of the world into states and territories, thus revealing alternative or subordinated forms and scales of territory. She also argues that disproportionate attention to 'refugee crises' in the Global North has diverted focus from other parts of the world that bear the responsibility of protecting the majority of the world's refugees. By focusing on Jordan, a Global South state that hosts the world's second-largest number of refugees per capita, this book provides insights to consider alternate ways to handle the situation of refugees elsewhere. In the process, Culcasi brings the reader into refugees' diverse realities through their own words, inherently arguing against the tendency of many people in the Global North to see refugees as aberrant, burdensome, or threatening. '.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'This book explores what art can tell us about 'the self,' or the sense of interiority that each of us, as separate individuals, experience. Today the 'self' is often dismissed because it seems to ignore the ways in which we are all defined by structures and categories of identity (from capitalism and the family to constructs of gender and race). Yet, as Rachel Haidu observes, our feelings that we are singular and individuated--regardless of the structures we belong to--can be intensified, deepened, and negotiated by art. Artworks not only elicit feelings in the viewer that she is profoundly herself, but some even examine how interior lives come to feel private and unique. Haidu investigates this sense of interiority through the work of six contemporary artists who consciously want to provoke the experience in viewers: painters Philip Guston and Amy Sillman; film/media artists James Coleman and Steve McQueen; and contemporary dancers/choreographers Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker and Yvonne Rainer'.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'From the climate crisis to the opioid crisis to the Coronavirus crisis, the language of crisis is everywhere around us and ubiquitous in contemporary American politics and policymaking. But for every problem that political actors describe as a crisis, there are myriad other equally serious ones that are not described in this way. Why has the term crisis been associated with some problems but not others What has crisis come to mean, and what work does it do In When Bad Things Happen to Privileged People, Dara Z. Strolovitch brings a critical eye to the taken-for-granted political vernacular of crisis. Using systematic analyses to trace the evolution of the use of the term crisis by both political elites and outsiders, Strolovitch unpacks the idea of 'crisis' in contemporary politics and demonstrates that crisis is itself an operation of politics. She shows that racial justice activists innovated the language of crisis in an effort to transform racism from something understood as natural and intractable and to cast it instead as a policy problem that could be remedied. Dominant political actors later seized on the language of crisis to compel the use of state power, but often in ways that compounded rather than alleviated inequality and injustice. In this eye-opening and important book, Strolovitch demonstrates that understanding crisis politics is key to understanding the politics of racial, gender, and class inequalities in the early twenty-first century'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Music in the Flesh reimagines the lived experiences of music-making subjects (composers, musicians, listeners) in the long European seventeenth century. There are countless historical testimonies of the powerful effects of music upon early-modern bodies, described as moving, ravishing, painful, dangerous, curative, miraculous, and encompassing 'the circulation of the humors, purification of the blood, dilation of the vessels and pores. In asking what this all meant at the time, the author considers musical scores and their surrounding texts as 'somatic scripts' that afford a range of somatic actions and reactions and can give us a glimpse into the historical embodied experience of organized sound. Starting from the Lutheran hymns and their accompanying intellectual traditions and ritual practices in German-speaking lands, the book moves with ease across repertories and regions, sacred and vernacular musics, domestic and public settings in order to sketch a 'physiology of music' that is as historically illuminating as it is relevant for present-day performing practices and that sheds unprecedented light on how subjectivity was embodied through sound in early-modern Europe'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'When the Safavid dynasty, founded in 1501, built a state that championed Iranian identity and Twelver Shi'ism, it prompted the more established Ottoman empire to align itself definitively with Sunni legalism. The political, religious, and military conflicts that arose have since been widely studied, but little attention has been paid to their diplomatic relationship. Sinem Arcak Casale here sets out to explore these two major Muslim empires through a surprising lens: gifts. Countless treasures-such as intricate carpets, gilded silver cups, and ivory-tusk knives-flowed from the Safavid to the Ottoman empire throughout the sixteenth century. While only a handful now survive, records of these gifts exist in court chronicles, treasury records, poems, epistolary documents, ambassadorial reports, and travel narratives. Tracing this elaborate archive, Casale treats gifts as representative of the complicated Ottoman-Safavid coexistence, demonstrating how their rivalry was shaped as much by culture and aesthetics as it was by religious or military conflict. Gifts in the Age of Empire explores how gifts were no mere accessories to diplomacy, but functioned as a mechanism of competitive interaction between these early modern Muslim courts'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A beautifully illustrated argument that reveals not Elektronisches Buch as extraordinary paper machines that transformed knowledge on the page and in the mind.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Timely and authoritative research on the latest issues in tax policy. Tax Policy and the Economy publishes current academic research on taxation and government spending with both immediate bearing on policy debates and longer-term interest. This volume of Tax Policy and the Economy presents new research on important issues concerning US taxation and transfers. First, Edward L. Glaeser, Caitlin S. Gorback, and James M. Poterba examine the distribution of burdens associated with taxes on transportation. Replacing the gasoline tax with a vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) tax would increase the burden on higher-income households, who drive more fuel-efficient cars and are more likely to own electric vehicles. User charges for airports, subways, and commuter rail are progressive, while the burden of bus fees is larger for lower-income households than for their higher-income counterparts. Next, Katarzyna Bilicka, Michael Devereux, and Irem Güçeri investigate tax shifting by multinational companies (MNCs) and the implications of a potential Global Minimum Tax (GMT). They find that MNCs shift intellectual property to tax havens, and that a large share of patenting activity takes place in tax havens where little or no R&D occurs. Tax havens are particularly important for MNCs with large subsidiary networks; such firms would likely be subject to a GMT. Mark Duggan, Audrey Guo, and Andrew C. Johnston study the role of experience rating in the Unemployment Insurance (UI) system and find that the current structure stabilizes the labor market because it penalizes firms with high rates of UI-eligible layoffs. In the fourth paper, David Altig, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, and Victor Yifan Ye calculate how retiring at different ages will affect Social Security benefit amounts, taking into account taxation and other benefits. They find that virtually all individuals aged 45 to 62 should wait until age 65 or later to maximize their Social Security benefits. Indeed, 90 percent would benefit from waiting until age 70, but only 10 percent do so. Finally, Jonathan Meer and Joshua Witter examine the potential impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit on the labor force decisions of childless adults who are eligible for a small credit after they reach age 25. Comparing labor force attachment changes just before and after this age suggests that the EITC has little impact on the labor force participation of this group.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'An essential new history of America's monetary origins. The Second Continental Congress faced multiple daunting challenges when it was convened in summer 1775. First the assembly had to create a de facto government for the loosely joined colonies that would become the United States. It then had to strategize a war effort for what would become the American Revolution. And it also had to figure out how to pay for all of it-without the benefit of any real legal authority to do so. The Continental Dollar is a sweeping, revelatory new history of how the fledgling United States paid for its first war. Economist Farley Grubb upends the folk telling of this story, in which the US printed cross-colony money, called Continentals, to serve as an early fiat currency-a currency that is not tied to a commodity like gold, but rather to the viability and legal authority of the issuer. As Grubb outlines in rigorous terms, the Continental was not a fiat currency, but a 'zero-coupon bond'-a wholly different species of currency that is both value-anchored (one Continental was a promise to pay the holder one milled Spanish silver dollar after a defined future time) and subject to discounting by the issuer if that issuer needs fast capital. Through this lens, and as confirmed by Grubb's exhaustive mining of 18th-century colonial monetary records, the appearance of Continental-dollar depreciation was, in fact, capricious discounting: the US was playing easy money in the face of an expensive war. Drawing on decades of research and careful mining of historical evidence, The Continental Dollar is an essential and authoritative origin story of the early American monetary system. It is certain to serve as the benchmark for critical work in this space for decades to come'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'In 1945, researchers on a mission to Hiroshima with the United States Strategic Bombing Survey canvassed survivors of the nuclear attack. This marked the beginning of global efforts-by psychiatrists, psychologists, and other social scientists-to tackle the complex ways human minds were affected by the advent of the nuclear age. A trans-Pacific research network emerged that produced massive amounts of data about the dropping of the bomb and subsequent nuclear tests in and around the Pacific rim. Ran Zwigenberg traces these efforts and the ways they were interpreted differently across communities of researchers and victims. He explores how the bomb's psychological impact on survivors was understood before we had the concept of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. In fact, psychological and psychiatric research on Hiroshima and Nagasaki rarely referred to trauma or similar categories. Instead, institutional and political constraints-most notably the psychological sciences' entanglement with Cold War science-led researchers to concentrate on short-term damage and somatic reactions or even, in some cases, the denial of victims' suffering. As a result, very few doctors tried to ameliorate suffering. But, Zwigenberg argues, it was not only doctors that 'failed' to issue the right diagnosis: the victims' experiences as well did not necessarily conform to our contemporary expectations. As he shows, the category of trauma should not be used uncritically in a non-Western context, in which emotional suffering was understood differently. Consequently, this book sets out, first, to understand the historical, cultural, and scientific constraints in which researchers and victims were acting and, second, to explore the way suffering was understood in different cultural contexts before PTSD was a category of analysis'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'From the climate crisis to the opioid crisis to the Coronavirus crisis, the language of crisis is everywhere around us and ubiquitous in contemporary American politics and policymaking. But for every problem that political actors describe as a crisis, there are myriad other equally serious ones that are not described in this way. Why has the term crisis been associated with some problems but not others What has crisis come to mean, and what work does it do In When Bad Things Happen to Privileged People, Dara Z. Strolovitch brings a critical eye to the taken-for-granted political vernacular of crisis. Using systematic analyses to trace the evolution of the use of the term crisis by both political elites and outsiders, Strolovitch unpacks the idea of 'crisis' in contemporary politics and demonstrates that crisis is itself an operation of politics. She shows that racial justice activists innovated the language of crisis in an effort to transform racism from something understood as natural and intractable and to cast it instead as a policy problem that could be remedied. Dominant political actors later seized on the language of crisis to compel the use of state power, but often in ways that compounded rather than alleviated inequality and injustice. In this eye-opening and important book, Strolovitch demonstrates that understanding crisis politics is key to understanding the politics of racial, gender, and class inequalities in the early twenty-first century'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Special relativity challenges one's physical intuition of space, time, matter, and energy in a way that few other topics in physics do. Yet the subject is often treated as an extra in undergraduate courses-something to be picked up in a few random lectures and presented as a combination of geometric and logical puzzles (seemingly with the premise of getting the novice student to concede that Einstein was a genius and that the universe is weird). But special relativity is absolutely fundamental to modern physics. It is the canvas on which electromagnetism, particle physics, field theory, and ultimately general relativity are based. For physics students, developing a relativistic intuition isn't just a luxury: it's a requirement. Physicist and popular author Dave Goldberg provides a rigorous but conversational introduction to fill this void in spacetime education. Employing the standard calculus a sophomore or junior university student in science, engineering, or computer science will have encountered, Goldberg connects relativity to a student's work ahead, acquainting them with topics like tensors, the development of new physical theories, and how relativity directly relates to other disciplines. But more than this, Goldberg welcomes lifelong learners who may have encountered special relativity in popular accounts, but are seeking a mathematical challenge to understand an elegant physical theory'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Displacing Territory explores the core concepts of territory and belonging-and humanizes refugees in the process. Based on fieldwork with Palestinian and Syrian refugees in Jordan, Displacing Territory explores how the lived realities of refugees are deeply affected by their imaginings of what constitutes territory and their sense of belonging to different places and territories. Karen Culcasi shows how these individual conceptualizations about territory don't always fit the Western-centric division of the world into states and territories, thus revealing alternative or subordinated forms and scales of territory. She also argues that disproportionate attention to 'refugee crises' in the Global North has diverted focus from other parts of the world that bear the responsibility of protecting the majority of the world's refugees. By focusing on Jordan, a Global South state that hosts the world's second-largest number of refugees per capita, this book provides insights to consider alternate ways to handle the situation of refugees elsewhere. In the process, Culcasi brings the reader into refugees' diverse realities through their own words, inherently arguing against the tendency of many people in the Global North to see refugees as aberrant, burdensome, or threatening. '.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Nick Witham investigates how widely popular history books have gotten written, promoted, and institutionalized. Not just a matter of writing style, popular accessibility is also a product of an author's frame of mind, the editor's skill, and the publisher's marketing acumen, among other factors. Witham has done extensive work not just in historians' archives but in publishers' files. His primary subjects are Richard Hofstadter, Daniel Boorstin, John Hope Franklin, Gerda Lerner, and Howard Zinn-all popular historians who were explicitly concerned with the question of popularity. Collectively, they reveal the cross-influences of popular history writing and American popular culture'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'Natural selection is responsible for some (but not all) changes in biological populations. Some traits or organisms are fitter than others, and natural selection occurs when there are changes in the distribution of traits in populations because of fitness differences. Many philosophers of biology insist that a trait's fitnesses should be defined as an average of the fitnesses of individual members of the population that have the trait. Marshall Abrams argues convincingly against this wide-spread approach. As he shows, it conflicts with the roles that fitness is supposed to play in evolutionary theory, and with the ways that evolutionary biologists use fitness concepts in empirical research. The assumption that a causal kind of fitness is fundamentally a property of actual individuals has resulted in unnecessary philosophical puzzles and years of debate. Abrams came to see that the fitnesses of traits that are the basis of natural selection cannot be defined in terms of fitnesses of actual members of populations in the way that philosophers of biology often claim. Rather, it is an overall population-environment system-not actual, particular organisms living in particular environmental conditions-that is the basis of traits' fitnesses. Abrams argues that by distinguishing different classes of fitness concepts and the roles they play in the practice of evolutionary biology, we can see that evolutionary biologists' diverse uses fitness concepts make sense together and are consistent with the idea that fitness differences cause evolution. Abrams's insight has broad significance, for it provides a general framework for thinking about the metaphysics of biological evolution and its relations to empirical research. As such, it is a game-changing book for philosophers of biology and applied philosophy of probability'.