springer us springer us nov 1995 (20 Ergebnisse)

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book suggests that business research, in the collection, analysis, and communication of evidence, will benefit from explicit acceptance of research as argumentation. Argumentation is the process of compiling an argument through selection and organization of the relevant evidence.Recently, business research methods books have placed too much emphasis on the scientific method as brute empiricism, using only large sample statistical testing and demanding prediction through retesting old theories. Especially with regard to the study of human activity, there is now much evidence that there is not one special scientific method.This book argues that all types of empirical data, including statistics and personal experiences, be accepted as data, but that it is essential that these observations be explained. This book will provide researchers and postgraduate business students with a strategy for conducting research that encourages thought, provides a way of critically perceiving previous research, as well as suggesting a logical structure for communicating their research.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 172 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -7. 2GIRDIMPLEMENTATION: AMETADATABASE 135 7. 3 UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF THE GIRD MODEL 140 7. 3. 1 The Metadatabase As an Information Resources Lnctionary 140 7. 3. 2 The metadatabase as the GlobaVEnterprise Schema 142 8 THE GLOBAL QUERY SYSTEM 145 8. 1 MODEL ASSISTED GLOBAL QUERY 145 8. l. l The Need for Metadata Support 145 8. l. 2 User Interface for Query Formulation 147 8. 1. 3 Integrated Schema for Global Query 147 8. 2 THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL 148 8. 2. 1 The Goals 149 8. 2. 2 The Defmitive Model for Metadata Requirements 149 8. 3 THE EXECUTION MODEL 156 8. 3. 1 Model Traversal 156 8. 3. 2 Rule-Base Conversion 157 8. 4 ANALYSIS 159 8. 4. 1 Metadata Modeling vs. Schema Integration 159 8. 4. 2 Conceptual Evaluation of the MGQS A~h 100 9 ADAPTIVE CONCURRENT ARCHITECTURE 163 9. 1 CONCURRENT ARCHITECTURES FOR ADAPTIVE INTEGRATION 163 9. 2 ROPE: A NEW SOFTWARE METIIOD FOR ElM 167 9. 2. l The Model of ROPE 167 9. 2. 2 The Static Structure of ROPE 169 9. 2. 3 The Dynamic Structure of ROPE 173 9. 3 THE OPERATION OF ROPE 174 9. 3. 1 Rule Processing Operations 174 9. 3. 2 Knowledge Management Operations 176 9. 4 IMPLEMENTATION: ALABORATORYEIM 177 9. 5 SATISFACTION OF ElM REQUIREMENTS 180 10 MANUFACTURING INTEGRATION 183 10. 1 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOR MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION 183 10. 1.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 260 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Pipelined Lattice and Wave Digital Recursive Filters uses look-ahead transformation and constrained filter design approaches. It is also shown that pipelining often reduces the roundoff noise in a digital filter. The pipelined recursive lattice and wave digital filters presented are well suited where increasing speed and reducing area or power or roundoff noise are important. Examples are wireless and cellular codec applications, where low power consumption is important, and radar and video applications, where higher speed is important.The book presents pipelining of direct-form recursive digital filters and demonstrates the usefulness of these topologies in high-speed and low-power applications. It then discusses fundamentals of scaling in the design of lattice and wave digital filters. Approaches to designing four different types of lattice digital filters are discussed, including basic, one-multiplier, normalized, and scaled normalized structures. The roundoff noise in these lattice filters is also studied. The book then presents approaches to the design of pipelined lattice digital filters for the same four types of structures, followed by pipelining of orthogonal double-rotation digital filters, which eliminate limit cycle problems. A discussion of pipelining of lattice wave digital filters follows, showing how linear phase, narrow-band, sharp-transition recursive filters can be implemented using this structure. This example is motivated by a difficult filter design problem in a wireless codec application. Finally, pipelining of ladder wave digital filters is discussed.Pipelined Lattice and Wave Digital Recursive Filters serves as an excellent reference and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 244 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Real-time computer systems are very often subject to dependability requirements because of their application areas. Fly-by-wire airplane control systems, control of power plants, industrial process control systems and others are required to continue their function despite faults. Fault-tolerance and real-time requirements thus constitute a kind of natural combination in process control applications. Systematic fault-tolerance is based on redundancy, which is used to mask failures of individual components. The problem of replica determinism is thereby to ensure that replicated components show consistent behavior in the absence of faults. It might seem trivial that, given an identical sequence of inputs, replicated computer systems will produce consistent outputs. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The problem of replica non-determinism and the presentation of its possible solutions is the subject of Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems: The Problem of Replica Determinism.The field of automotive electronics is an important application area of fault-tolerant real-time systems. Systems like anti-lock braking, engine control, active suspension or vehicle dynamics control have demanding real-time and fault-tolerance requirements. These requirements have to be met even in the presence of very limited resources since cost is extremely important. Because of its interesting properties Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems gives an introduction to the application area of automotive electronics. The requirements of automotive electronics are a topic of discussion in the remainder of this work and are used as a benchmark to evaluate solutions to the problem of replica determinism.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 172 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Strategic Risk examines a fundamental issue in the field of strategic management and organizations: how to study changes in the competitive outcomes of firms. Collins and Ruefli develop the concept of ordinal risk and extend this concept and its associated measures to the more general framework of state-defined systems. The book makes the state-defined risk methodology more accessible to strategic management researchers, and to social scientists in general. The need for quantitative frameworks with which to analyze the dynamics of strategic management has been apparent for some time. The state-defined risk methodology has the advantage of being based on a common usage definition of risk, and is also based on a mathematically well-behaved function. It permits investigation of the chance of gain while yielding a measure of environmental uncertainty. Finally, the development is general and permits applications employing a variety of performance dimensions over a range of entities in a diversity of contexts. The authors demonstrate the practicability and reliability of this approach by applying the model to mutual funds, large mining and manufacturing firms, and public firms on an industry by industry basis.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 238 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -One of the most important tasks faced by decision-makers in business and government is that of selection. Selection problems are challenging in that they require the balancing of multiple, often conflicting, criteria. In recent years, a number of interesting decision aids have become available to assist in such decisions.The aim of this book is to provide a comparative survey of many of the decision aids currently available. The first chapters present general ideas which underpin the methodologies used to design these aids. Subsequent chapters then focus on specific decision aids and demonstrate some of the software which implement these ideas. A final chapter provides a comparative analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. 212 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Feedback-Based Orthogonal Digital Filters: Theory, Applications, and Implementation develops the theory of a feedback-based orthogonal digital filter and examines several applications where the filter topology leads to a simple and efficient solution. The development of the filter structure is linked to concepts in observer theory. Several signal processing problems can be represented as estimation problems, where a parametric representation of the input is used, to try and replicate it locally. This estimation problem can be solved using an identity observer, and the filter topology falls in this framework. Hence the filter topology represents a universal building block that can find application in several problems, such as spectral estimation, time-recursive computation of transforms, etc. Further, because of the orthogonality constraints satisfied by the structure, it also represents a robust solution under finite precision conditions.The book also presents the observer-based viewpoint of several signal processing problems, and shows that problems that are typically treated independently in the literature are in fact linked and can be cast in a single unified framework. In addition to examining the theoretical issues, the book describes practical issues related to a hardware implementation of the building block, in both the digital and analog domain. On the digital side, issues relating to implementation using semi-custom chips (FPGA's), and ASIC design are examined. On the analog side, the design and testing of a fabricated chip, that functions as a multi-sinusoidal phase-locked-loop, are described.Feedback-Based Orthogonal Digital Filters serves as an excellent reference. May be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 280 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Symbolic Boolean manipulation using binary decision diagrams (BDDs) has been successfully applied to a wide variety of tasks, particularly in very large scale integration (VLSI) computer-aided design (CAD). The concept of decision graphs as an abstract representation of Boolean functions dates back to the early work by Lee and Akers. In the last ten years, BDDs have found widespread use as a concrete data structure for symbolic Boolean manipulation. With BDDs, functions can be constructed, manipulated, and compared by simple and efficient graph algorithms. Since Boolean functions can represent not just digital circuit functions, but also such mathematical domains as sets and relations, a wide variety of CAD problems can be solved using BDDs.`Binary Decision Diagrams and Applications for VLSI CAD provides valuable information for both those who are new to BDDs as well as to long time aficionados.' -from the Foreword by Randal E. Bryant.`Over the past ten years . BDDs have attracted the attention of many researchers because of their suitability for representing Boolean functions. They are now widely used in many practical VLSI CAD systems. . this book can serve as an introduction to BDD techniques and . it presents several new ideas on BDDs and their applications. . many computer scientists and engineers will be interested in this book since Boolean function manipulation is a fundamental technique not only in digital system design but also in exploring various problems in computer science.' - from the Preface by Shin-ichi Minato.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 162 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In the fall of 1990, the Danish government started a comprehensive research pro gramme to improve the competitiveness of the Danish food sector: The Research and Development Programme in the Danish Food Sector (Det F!Ildevareteknologiske Forsk nings- og Udviklingsprogram, F0TEK). The programme was based on a combination of basic research to be carried out by universities and other research institutions, and a series of collaboration projects between researchers and food companies. The programme was originally designed as a technological research programme. However, in the planning phases of the research programme, the view that the development of new technologies and products may not be sufficient to improve competitiveness made some ground. A small comer of the overall research effort was therefore set aside for market-oriented research. This comer was filled by the research programme Market-based process and product innovation in the food sector (MAPP). MAPP was a joint research programme in which researchers from several Danish universities and business schools participated; it was coordinated by the Aarhus School of Business. MAPP set out to achieve a difficult task: to conduct high quality research on various aspects of the marketing of food products, to do so in cooperation with food companies, and to win under standing and recognition from the colleagues in the food technology departments.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 308 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book, based on extensive experience teaching VHDL to undergraduate students at the University of Portsmouth, UK, and to engineers in industry through short courses run by Mentor Graphics Corporation, USA, enables students and engineers to master VHDL. Introduction to VHDL covers all aspects of the VHDL language, including the latest information on the VHDL standard as of April 1995 and the fundamentals of design constructs and modelling. 500 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A logic view of 0-1 integer programming problems, providing new insights into the structure of problems that can lead the researcher to more effective solution techniques depending on the problem class. Operations research techniques are integrated into a logic programming environment. The first monographic treatment that begins to unify these two methodological approaches. Logic-based methods for modelling and solving combinatorial problems have recently started to play a significant role in both theory and practice. The application of logic to combinatorial problems has a dual aspect. On one hand, constraint logic programming allows one to declaratively model combinatorial problems over an appropriate constraint domain, the problems then being solved by a corresponding constraint solver. Besides being a high-level declarative interface to the constraint solver, the logic programming language allows one also to implement those subproblems that cannot be naturally expressed with constraints. On the other hand, logic-based methods can be used as a constraint solving technique within a constraint solver for combinatorial problems modelled as 0-1 integer programs.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This volume presents the latest research worldwide on communications protocols, emphasizing specification and compliance testing. It presents the complete proceedings of the fifteenth meeting on `Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification' arranged by the International Federation for Information Processing.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 472 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Current practice dictates the separation of the hardware and software development paths early in the design cycle. These paths remain independent with very little interaction occurring between them until system integration. In particular, hardware is often specified without fully appreciating the computational requirements of the software. Also, software development does not influence hardware development and does not track changes made during the hardware design phase. Thus, the ability to explore hardware/software tradeoffs is restricted, such as the movement of functionality from the software domain to the hardware domain (and vice-versa) or the modification of the hardware/software interface. As a result, problems that are encountered during system integration may require modification of the software and/or hardware, resulting in potentially significant cost increases and schedule overruns.To address the problems described above, a cooperative design approach, one that utilizes a unified view of hardware and software, is described. This approach is called hardware/software codesign. The Codesign of Embedded Systems develops several fundamental hardware/software codesign concepts and a methodology that supports them. A unified representation, referred to as a decomposition graph, is presented which can be used to describe hardware or software using either functional abstractions or data abstractions. Using a unified representation based on functional abstractions, an abstract hardware/software model has been implemented in a common simulation environment called ADEPT (Advanced Design Environment Prototyping Tool). This model permits early hardware/software evaluation and tradeoff exploration. Techniques have been developed which support the identification of software bottlenecks and the evaluation of design alternatives with respect to multiple metrics. The application of the model is demonstrated on severalexamples. A unified representation based on data abstractions is also explored. This work leads to investigations regarding the application of object-oriented techniques to hardware design.The Codesign of Embedded Systems: A Unified Hardware/Software Representation describes a novel approach to a topic of immense importance to CAD researchers and designers alike. 304 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This volume describes the current state of our knowledge on the neurobiology of muscle fatigue, with consideration also given to selected integrative cardiorespiratory mechanisms. Our charge to the authors of the various chapters was twofold: to provide a systematic review of the topic that could serve as a balanced reference text for practicing health-care professionals, teaching faculty, and pre-and postdoctoral trainees in the biomedi cal sciences; and to stimulate further experimental and theoretical work on neurobiology. Key issues are addressed in nine interrelated areas: fatigue of single muscle fibers, fatigue at the neuromuscular junction, fatigue of single motor units, metabolic fatigue studied with nuclear magnetic resonance, fatigue of the segmental motor system, fatigue involving suprasegmental mechanisms, the task dependency of fatigue mechanisms, integrative (largely cardiorespiratory) systems issues, and fatigue of adapted systems (due to aging, under-and overuse, and pathophysiology). The product is a volume that provides compre of processes that operate from the forebrain to the contractile proteins.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 560 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Software is difficult to develop, maintain, and reuse. Two factors that contribute to this difficulty are the lack of modular design and good program documentation. The first makes software changes more difficult to implement. The second makes programs more difficult to understand and to maintain. Formal Specification Techniques for Engineering Modular C Programs describes a novel approach to promoting program modularity. The book presents a formal specification language that promotes software modularity through the use of abstract data types, even though the underlying programming language may not have such support. This language is structured to allow useful information to be extracted from a specification, which is then used to perform consistency checks between the specification and its implementation. Formal Specification Techniques for Engineering Modular C Programs also describes a specification-driven, software re-engineering process model for improving existing programs. The aim of this process is to make existing programs easier to maintain and reuse while keeping their essential functionalities unchanged. Audience: Suitable as a secondary text for graduate level courses in software engineering, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Software quality is a generalised statement difficult to agree or disagree with until a precise definition of the concept of 'Software Quality' is reached in terms of measurable quantities. Unfortunately, for the software technology the basic question of: - what to measure; - how to measure; - when to measure; - how to deal with the data obtained are still unanswered and are also closely dependant on the field of application. In the past twenty years or more there have been a number of conferences and debates focusing on the concept of Software Quality, which produced no real industrial impact. Recently, however, the implementation of a few generic standards (ISO 9000, IEEE etc.) has produced and improved application of good practice principles at the industrial level. As a graduate in PhYSiCS, I still believe it is a long way before the concept of Software Quality can be defined exactly and measured, if ever. This is way I think the AQuIS series of conferences is important, its object begin to provide a platform for the transfer of technology and know how between Academic, Industrial and Research Institutions, in the field of Software Quality. Their objects are: - to provide a forum for the introduction and discussion of new research breakthroughs in Software Quality; - to provide professional Software Quality engineers with the necessary exposure to the results of current research; - to expose the research community to the problems of practical application of new results.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In Linear Programming: A Modern Integrated Analysis, both boundary (simplex) and interior point methods are derived from the complementary slackness theorem and, unlike most books, the duality theorem is derived from Farkas's Lemma, which is proved as a convex separation theorem. The tedium of the simplex method is thus avoided. A new and inductive proof of Kantorovich's Theorem is offered, related to the convergence of Newton's method. Of the boundary methods, the book presents the (revised) primal and the dual simplex methods. An extensive discussion is given of the primal, dual and primal-dual affine scaling methods. In addition, the proof of the convergence under degeneracy, a bounded variable variant, and a super-linearly convergent variant of the primal affine scaling method are covered in one chapter. Polynomial barrier or path-following homotopy methods, and the projective transformation method are also covered in the interior point chapter. Besides the popular sparse Cholesky factorization and the conjugate gradient method, new methods are presented in a separate chapter on implementation. These methods use LQ factorization and iterative techniques.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book is concerned with wafer fabrication and the factories that manufacture microprocessors and other integrated circuits. With the invention of the transistor in 1947, the world as we knew it changed. The transistor led to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor, the guts of the modern computer, has created an epoch of virtually unlimited information processing. The electronics and computer revolution has brought about, for better or worse, a new way of life. This revolution could not have occurred without wafer fabrication, and its associated processing technologies. A microprocessor is fabricated via a lengthy, highly-complex sequence of chemical processes. The success of modern chip manufacturing is a miracle of technology and a tribute to the hundreds of engineers who have contributed to its development. This book will delineate the magnitude of the accomplishment, and present methods to analyze and predict the performance of the factories that make the chips. The set of topics covered juxtaposes several disciplines of engineering. A primary subject is the chemical engineering aspects of the electronics industry, an industry typically thought to be strictly an electrical engineer's playground. The book also delves into issues of manufacturing, operations performance, economics, and the dynamics of material movement, topics often considered the domain of industrial engineering and operations research. Hopefully, we have provided in this work a comprehensive treatment of both the technology and the factories of wafer fabrication. Novel features of these factories include long process flows and a dominance of processing over operational issues.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This proceedings volume, 'Plastic Deformation of Ceramics,' constitutes the papers of an international symposium held at Snowbird, Utah from August 7-12, 1994. It was attended by nearly 100 scientists and engineers from more than a dozen countries representing academia, national laboratories, and industry. Two previous conferences on this topic were held at The Pennsylvania State University in 1974 and 1983. Therefore, the last major international conference focusing on the deformation of ceramic materials was held more than a decade ago. Since the early 1980s, ceramic materials have progressed through an evolutionary period of development and advancement. They are now under consideration for applications in engineering structures. The contents of the previous conferences indicate that considerable effort was directed towards a basic understanding of deformation processes in covalently bonded or simple oxide ceramics. However, now, more than a decade later, the focus has completely shifted. In particular, the drive for more efficient heat engines has resulted in the development of silicon-based ceramics and composite ceramics. The discovery of high-temperature cupric oxide-based superconductors has created a plethora of interesting perovskite-Iike structured ceramics. Additionally, nanophase ceramics, ceramic thin films, and various forms of toughened ceramics have potential applications and, hence, their deformation has been investigated. Finally, new and exciting areas of research have attracted interest since 1983, including fatigue, nanoindentation techniques, and superplasticity.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Due to increasing practical needs, software support of environmental protection and research tasks is growing in importance and scope. Software systems help to monitor basic data, to maintain and process relevant environmental information, to analyze gathered information and to carry out decision processes, which often have to take into account complex alternatives with various side effects. Therefore software is an important tool for the environmental domain. When the first software systems in the environmental domain grew - 10 to 15 years ag- users and developers were not really aware of the complexity these systems are carrying with themselves: complexity with respect to entities, tasks and procedures. I guess nobody may have figured out at that time that the environmental domain would ask for solutions which information science would not be able to provide and - in several cases - can not provide until today. Therefore environmental informatics - as we call it today - is also an important domain of computer science itself, because practical solutions need to deal with very complex, interdisciplinary, distributed, integrated, sometimes badly defined, user-centered decision processes. I doubt somebody will state that we are already capable of building such integrated systems for end users for reasonable cost on a broad range. The development of the first scientific community for environmental informatics started around 1985 in Germany, becoming a technical committee and working group of the German Computer Society in 1987.