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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - I have often wondered if the opposition to women's choosing to abort a pregnancy masks a fear of women choosing to have and raise children on their own. When a woman separatesmotherhood from marriage, she claims a freedom in the realm of intimate rela tionships that may be as fundamental as F…reedom of Conscience or Freedom of Association. Yet, we do not usually think about women's decisions concerning motherhood in these terms. In a pair of remarkable studies begun in the 1980s, Ruth Linn-pregnant at the time, and married to a medical officer in the Israeli army-took the study of moral psychology into two highly controversial arenas of moral action: Israeli soldiers who refused to serve in Lebanon and single women who refused to remain childless. While conscientious objection to war has long been recognized as an act ofmoral resistance and courage,women who question societal norms and values linking motherhood with marriage, are typically dismissed as bad women. Rather than approaching these questions in the abstract, Linn chose to inter view women who made the decision to have and raise children on their own. What she found was that in the course of making this decision, women came to see themselves as moral resisters. In freeing their childbearing capability from men's control,they were also freeing their capacity to love. The very title of this book, Mature Unwed Mothers, calls us to think about what we mean by maturity on the part of mothers.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Apparatus and Method of Investigating Multiple Production at Energies of Hundreds of GeV.- Method of Treatment of Experimental Data Obtained with Cloud Chamber.- Experimental Data on Inelastic Strong Interaction at Energies of 100¿3000 GeV and Their Interpretation.- Extensive Air Showers and…Interaction of Particles with Energies above 1013 eV.- Apparatus for Investigation of Extensive Air Showers and Nuclear Interactions of Cosmic-Ray Particles with Energy 1012¿1016 eV.- Quasi-nucleonic Nuclear Interactions of 23-GeV Protons in a Nuclear Emulsion Irradiated in a Pulsed Magnetic Field of 180 kOe.- Measurement of Energy of Electron ¿ Photon Cascades by Photometry of Spots on X-Ray Films.- Transition Effects in the Ionization Calorimeter.- Investigation of the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays in a Period of Minimum Solar Activity.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This monograph is intended to compile the lectures presented at the 4th Annual Symposium 'Cardiac Surgery:1992' held at the Frenchman's Reef Beach Resort, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, November 7-10, 1991. This symposium was organized by the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the School…of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center, Camden, New Jersey and sponsored by the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden, Philadelphia Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion and the American Society of Extracorporeal Technology -Region II. The symposium was devoted to cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiologists, cardiovascular perfusionists, and nurses involved in the management of the cardiac surgical patient. Therefore, the context of the book represents the multidisciplinary nature of cardiac surgery at its present level of development. The contributors to this book have critically examined their experience and discussed controversial issues regarding cardiac pathophysiology, surgical indications, operative techniques, and long term care and outcome. The co-editors wish to express their gratitude for the contributors' efforts in the production of this manuscript. We would also like to thank the members of the Organizing Committee, Jane V. Stewart MSN, RN, CCRN, Roger A. Vertrees BA, CCP, Rosemary Volosin, MSN, RN, Rosemary Morrone and Paul R. Cappola BS, CCP, who have greatly contributed to the success of the symposium.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The present volume is based upon the invited review lectures delivered to the European Brain and Behaviour Society's Workshop on Recovery of Function Following Brain Damage held at Goldsmiths' College, University of London, in April 1991. Coming exactly ten years after the Society's ftrst mee…ting on this subject, held at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, a major objective of the Workshop was to review progress in the intervening years. This task was begun by Professor D. G. Stein in his opening presentation. Looking ahead to possible developments in recovery research in the next decade was the subject of Professor B. Kolb's closing lecture. The intervening presentations reviewed progress made in speciftc areas of recovery research. In addition to reviewing progress over the last decade we sought to achieve an additional objective in the way that the invited review lectures were organised. This was to bring together those doing basic research, usually animal research, and those whose of the lectures were 'paired', research interests are more clinically orientated. Thus some one concentrating on the results of animal studies and one on clinical research findings.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The present volume is a continuation of Volume 8 in the Annals series. Together Volumes 8 and 9 are intended to show the contribu tion of history to theory in psychology. The reader is referred to the Introduction by Hans Rappard and Pieter van Strien, and the Preface in Volume 8 that serve a…s a prelude to the papers included in both volumes. Volume 8 includes three major papers: Psychological objects, practice, and history by Kurt Danziger, with commentaries by Mitchell Ash, Franz Samelson, and John Mills; History and the psychological imagination by Irmingard Staeuble, with commentar ies by Carl Graumann and Roger Smith; and The historical practice of theory construction by Pieter 1. van Strien, with commentaries by Helmut Luck, Kenneth Gergen, and Ian Lubek. Similarly, the present volume includes three major papers and ten commentaries. In preparation of this volume and its companion, Volume 8, we gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Valerie Welch who entered the text, and Casey Boodt who proofread the text and prepared the indexes. Leendert P. Mos and William J. Baker June, 1993 vii Contents Chapter 1. History and system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . Hans V Rappard Psychology as its history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Daniel N. Robinson Theoretical psychology, systematology, and phenomenological variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . Eckart Scheerer Systematization and history. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 K. B. Madsen Towards the remarriage of theoretical psychology and psychology: Reply to commentators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Hans V Rappard Chapter 2.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This monograph contains the proceedings from the Advanced Study Institute on 'Vascular Endothelium: Physiological Basis of Clinical Problems' which took place in Corfu, Greece in June 1990. The meeting consisted of twenty-eight lectures, most of them adapted as full length papers in this volu…me, as well as numerous short oral and poster communications which are abstracted and also included in alphabetical order (pages 239-302). There were ninety-six participants from ten NATO and four other European countries. The meeting was the second in as many years dealing with a specific subject in Endothelial Cell biology. Following the 1988 discussion on 'Receptors and Transduction Mechanisms', the present ASI recognized and tried to deal with the increasing overlap in interest between basic scientists studying endothelial cell functions and clinicians facing problems of known or suspected endothelial pathological involvement. As with any similar effort, we opted to be selective, rather than fail by trying to be inclusive, in the subjects covered. We chose to discuss diseases, such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, ARDS and stroke, based on their relevance to endothelial cell function and urgent need for new insights into their pathogenesis and treatment. Similarly, we examined endothelial cell functions by considering their relevance to disease and their potential for elucidating important pathologies. Obviously, some areas were covered superficially or not at all; this should not distract from their importance, but rather reflect on the constraints of time and -not at all negligibly -the bias of the organizing committee.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Volume 2 of Contnnporary Xephrology updates the major developments which ha'e occurred during the past 2 years in 15 major areas of both basic and clinical nephrology. In addition, this volume has a section, Chapter 8, uitten by Drs. Pederson, Llach, and Papper, from the Med ical School at th…e Universitv of Oklahoma, which reviews the recent developments on nonilwasive diagnostic techniques in nephrology. The other chapters are presented in such a way as to emphasize the major advances that have occurred in the different areas in the last 2 years. In Chapter 1, Dr. Schafer analyzes in detail the new information available regarding the action of aldosterone both in anuran membranes and in the mammalian kidney. Drs. Knox and Romero, in Chapter 2, update the information accrued du ring the last 2 years in the area of renal hemodynamics and sodium chloride excretion. In the area of renal me tabolism (Chapter 3), Schoolwerth, Little, and Idell-Wenger review in detail the metabolism of lipids in the kidney and its potential relation to renal function. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first compre hensive review of this subject in any textbook of nephrology. Dr. Dunn provides an authoritative review of the major advances in the rapidly expanding field of prostaglandins with particular emphasis on renal prostaglandins (Chapter 4). Drs. Batlle and Kurtzman update new con cepts of acid-base phvsiology and pathophysiology, and Dr.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The First International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) provided a new forum for the presentation of low-temperature materials research. The confer ence, held in conjunction with the 1975 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, provided materials research personnel with excellent exposure to…current develop ments in the cryogenics field and beneficial interactions with designers of cryogenic systems. Because of the large response to a late call for papers, the enthusiasm and encouragement at the meeting, and the wide spectrum and high quality of papers, the Second International Cryogenic Materials Conference is being planned along with the 1977 Cryogenic Engineering Conference for Boulder, Colorado, in the summer of 1977. The success of the First International Cryogenic Materials Conference was certainly in large measure due to the excellent hospitality of our Canadian hosts, the Royal Military College of Canada and Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. In particular, the efforts of A. C. Leonard and his staff ensured an excellent conference and a pleasant and memorable visit to Canada. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference Board was both generous and skillful in helping to initiate this new conference and their guidance and acceptance is gratefully acknowledged. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference program chairman, M. J. Hiza, greatly facilitated the interaction for the two conferences and provided valuable assistance in generat ing a workable program. The proceedings of the 1975 Cryogenic Engineering Conference are published as Volume 21 of the Advances in Cryogenic Engineering and include many papers indicating innovative use of new cryogenic materials properties data.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - From the President of the Research Society on Alcoholism Alcohol research has entered an era of growth which brings enhanced opti mism regarding the elucidation of the biochemical and psychosocial factors which combine to produce the phenomena of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. The solidificati…on of knowledge regarding the genetic determinants of certain alcohol-related problems puts on firm footing the biological approaches for developing solutions to these problems. The current volume of Recent Devel opments in Alcoholism contains an excellent blend of information both on stud ies assessing the behavioral and physiological variables which may be ge netically linked to an individual's risk of developing problems with alcohol, and on clinical and basic science investigations of the pathological conse quences of excessive ethanol ingestion. Further progress in the alcoholism research area will continue to require investigation of the interactions of en vironmental variables with the genetically determined biology of an individ ual. Novel techniques in the fields of molecular genetics, physical chemistry, and behavioral pharmacology are being brought to bear on the central issues in the field, and the addition of these tools to the science of alcohol research brings closer the prospect of fruitful clinical application of our basic knowl edge. The Research Society on Alcoholism remains devoted to the task of promoting the generation of knowledge regarding the actions of alcohol and the mechanisms which produce alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - After long years of work that have seen little industrial application, high-level synthesis is finally on the verge of becoming a practical tool. The state of high-level synthesis today is similar to the state of logic synthesis ten years ago. At present, logic-synthesis tools are widely used… in digital system design. In the future, high-level synthesis will play a key role in mastering design complexity and in truly exploiting the potential of ASIes and PLDs, which demand extremely short design cycles. Work on high-level synthesis began over twenty years ago. Since substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic then, problems involved, although no single universally-accepted theoretical framework has yet emerged. There is a growing number of publications devoted to high-level synthesis, specialized workshops are held regularly, and tutorials on the topic are commonly held at major conferences. This book gives an extensive survey of the research and development in high-level synthesis. In Part I, a short tutorial explains the basic concepts used in high-level synthesis, and follows an example design throughout the synthesis process. In Part II, current high-level synthesis systems are surveyed.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) attract great attention in light of the wide spectrum of genes of biological and medical relevance identified as under their control. As a consequence, our knowledge of the role of these receptors in physiology and pathology continues to gro…w at a fast pace and PPARs have become an interesting target for the treatment of many pathological conditions, including diabetes and atherosclerosis. This volume provides an authoritative view of the current clinical and scientific developments within this evolving area of study.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Artificial Neural Networks have captured the interest of many researchers in the last five years. As with many young fields, neural network research has been largely empirical in nature, relyingstrongly on simulationstudies ofvarious network models. Empiricism is, of course, essential to any…science for it provides a body of observations allowing initial characterization of the field. Eventually, however, any maturing field must begin the process of validating empirically derived conjectures with rigorous mathematical models. It is in this way that science has always pro ceeded. It is in this way that science provides conclusions that can be used across a variety of applications. This monograph by Michael Lemmon provides just such a theoretical exploration of the role ofcompetition in Artificial Neural Networks. There is 'good news' and 'bad news' associated with theoretical research in neural networks. The bad news isthat such work usually requires the understanding of and bringing together of results from many seemingly disparate disciplines such as neurobiology, cognitive psychology, theory of differential equations, largc scale systems theory, computer science, and electrical engineering. The good news is that for those capable of making this synthesis, the rewards are rich as exemplified in this monograph.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Four years ago we began soliciting articles for this volume from authors who were engaged in comprehensive research on whales. From the outset we decided not to limit the subject matter to behavior but to also include natural history. Much of what is known about the behavior of whales arose f…rom studies whose principal aim was not behavior, much as it did for other animal groups before behavior was considered a distinct discipline. Thus in many of the articles behavior is closely intertwined with natural history and in others is completely overshadowed by a basic natural history approach. Our aim was to have the articles contain a review of the literature and include research findings not previously published. For all intents and purposes this aim has been realized, albeit perhaps not in as balanced a fashion in terms of species or subject matter as was originally planned. Nevertheless, we believe the articles present a wide range of informative works with a myriad of approaches and techniques represented. We are grateful to the contributors for their patience and understanding in awaiting publication, which has taken much longer than we originally expected. We are also grateful tor the assistance of a number of people, especially Julie Fischer and Lois Winn for their editorial efforts, and Jill Grover, Carol Samet, and Lois Winn for their help in indexing.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Sixteen volumes and one supplement have now appeared in the series known as Evolutionary Biology. The editors continue to seek critical re views, original papers, and commentaries on controversial topics. It is our aim to publish papers primarily of greater length and depth than those normall…y published by society journals and quarterlies. The editors make every attempt to solicit manuscripts on an international scale and to see that every facet of evolutionary biology-classical or modern-is cov ered. Manuscripts should be sent to anyone of the following: Max K. Hecht, Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; Bruce Wallace, Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061; Ghillean T. Prance, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458. The Editors vii Contents 1. Darwinian Selection of Self-Replicating RNA Molecules 1 Christ(~r K. Biehricher Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replication of Virus RNA in Vitro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Extracellular Darwinian Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Characterization of the QI3 Replicase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Nonviral RNA Templates of QI3 Replicase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II The Mechanism of RNA Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Initiation of Replication and Template Specificity . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Mechanism of Replica Chain Elongation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Termination of Replication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Replication of RNA Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 TheQuasispecies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 De NOl'O Synthesis of Self-Replicating RNA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 The Mechanism of Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Selection in the Exponential Growth Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Selection in the Linear Growth Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Appendix I. Replication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Appendix II. The Quasispecies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Appendix III. Selection under Various Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In transfusion medicine the scientific fundamentals of immunology have had a considerable clinical impact. Transfusion may suppress the immunity but some patients could suffer disadvantages including GvHD, alloimmunisation and possible cancer, where white cells (WBC) play pivotal roles in thi…s phenomenon, presenting antigens and producing cytokines. A clinical application of this practice is LAK-cells targeted against cancer. MHC on the WBC may provide additional immunological modulations through series of secondary messengers. Thus reduction of WBC in the blood and bone marrow may be advantageous for patients. On the other hand, sharing a part of MHC or making the transplanted white cells anergic by storage may be even more advantageous for patients. CMV infection could mimic part of this MHC. UV radiation is effective in the inactivation of the WBC although filters are easy means for such removal. However, their accurate quantification requires flow cytometry that has considerable potential application in blood transfusions. Idiotypic antibody could play an important role in platelet theory. However, the potential infection risks in transfusion like HIV and HCV remain, but application of molecular biological methods like PCR or RT/PCR has great potentials in detection of infectious diseases, transplantation and genetic disorders. Immuno affinity purified concentrates, like factor IX and protein C, could reduce patients' immune functions, where in the future protein C could be derived from transgenic animals. Advances are sure to emerge through adoptive immunotherapy and gene therapies are exciting prospects when genes transferred into lymphocytes could be used to correct cell mediated immune deficiency, as in ADA.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Montreal has had a longstanding interest in somatostatin. Two years ago when the final planning began for the International Con gress of Endocrinology in Quebec City in July 1984, we seized the op portunity for having a separate Satellite Symposium on somatostatin here in Montreal. We felt th…at after a decade of uniformly vigorous growth in somatostatin research, the opportune moment had arrived for a review of the most significant past developments and for setting the directions for the future. Knowing the futility of trying to cover every aspect of the burgeoning somatostatin field in a two day scientific program, we opted for a detailed analysis of selected areas which were reasonably mature and of areas of greatest new activity. To attain these objectives, 27 leading international experts actively involved in their fields were invited to present an indepth review of their work in one of five major categories of somatostatin research. Thirty minutes at the end of each session were assigned for a three way, comprehensive discussion of some of the core concepts between the session moderators, the panellists and the audience. The feedback that we have received from the particip ants leaves little doubt that the meeting was a scientific and social success. This book fulfills our final commitment towards the Meeting which was to record the proceedings in a timely publication.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Since the third Workshop on 'Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena' in 1973, one area within the scope of this con ference received increased attention: laser fusion. This possi bility was emphasized in February 1977 in a Seminar on US energy policies at The Hartford Graduate Center…by John F. O'Leary, Head of the Federal Energy Administration, who said that 'by the year 2100, --- laser fusion will be coming along, giving us a new age of choice'. Efforts in research and development were stepped up to investigate new concepts of laser ignition of controlled nuclear reactions. Here, one expects no radioactive waste from fuel. Th~ deuterium-tritium reaction - the only one which may be possible with magnetic field confinement in tokamaks - has a highly radio active tritium cycle, while, in principle, laser reactions are possible with pure deuterium, hydrogen-boron or others. The worldwide progress in laser compression was not only stim ulated by the energy crisis, but also by its advancements. In our first Workshop in 1969 F. Floux of the French Limeil Laboratories described his experiments, which led, only one month later, to the production of fusion neutrons in such large numbers as had not been achieved up to then (see appendix of Vol. I these Proceedings).
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In summary, the technical, scientific and medical aspects of transfusion me dicine continue to be critical. We all must find ways to provide a safer unit of blood and blood components. However, there must be a realization by all in volved in the profession that the management and administrati…on aspects of transfusion medicine deserve equal attention, respect and support. Why It is very simple! Without all aspectsoftransfusion medicine working togetherfor the common good - care ofthe patient - we will all fail. References 1. Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services, American Association of Blood Banks, 14th edition, Arlington, VA, USA, 1991. 2. Blood Assurance Act of 1979 (S.161O), Senator Richard S. Schweiker, United States Senate, Washington, DC, USA, July 31,1979. 3. Administrative Guidelines for Blood Banks, American Association of Blood Banks, Arlington, VA, 1989. 4. 'You're absolutely right: We goofed'. Howard Upton, Southwest Airlines Spirit, September 1991:24. 5. Administrative Manual, Volume II, American Association of Blood Banks, Arlington, VA, USA, 1987.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - It is necessary to realize that the term 'photosynthetic prokaryotes' encom passes the widest and most diverse grouping of bacteria, but in itself has no taxonomic or phylogenetic significance. It means those organisms, other than eukaryotes, which require, obligately or facultatively, light…for growth. The re cent application 16S rRNA sequencing to microbial phylogeny, asso ciated mainly with the work of Woese, emphasizes the evolutionarily dis persed nature of purpIe and green photosynthetic bacteria as weIl as the rather coherent phylogenetic connections of the cyanobacteria. It is not surprising, therefore, that a volume such as this which seeks to give an introduction to this collection of organisms must be highly selective; ac cordingly, several important features are discussed only superficiaIly, e. g. , differentiation, life cycles, and biochemical aspects of nutrition. Rather, we have attempted to provide adescription of the essential features which are common and those which are characteristic, e. g. , the physiology of photo synthesis and ecological distribution. Bearing in mind the aim of the series, we have asked our authors to emphasize aspects of the importance of these organisms in nature and their industrial applications. As will be seen from the text, these organisms have an ancient history in 'biotechnology,' having been used as foodstuffs by several cultures, but their exploitation has been limited to their natural patterns and products of growth.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: Springer US, Springer US Okt 2012, 2012
Serie: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, Buch 95 von 253. Buch 95 von 253 - Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Mechanisms of Heart Failure is based on papers selected from poster presentations made at the International Conference on Heart Failure, Winnipeg, May 20-23, 1994. Although the entire book is one continuous discussion of subcellular mechanisms of heart failure and its treatment, the presentat…ion has been divided into three sections: the opening section on the subcellular basis of heart failure includes discussions of cytokines, signal transduction, metabolism, extracellular matrix, organ level changes and newer approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of heart failure. The second section focuses on the pathophysiological aspects of cardiomyopathies and their treatment. In the final section, medical, surgical and pharmacological approaches to the treatment of heart failure are discussed in clinical and animal laboratory settings.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: Springer Us Okt 2012, 2012
Serie: The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, Buch 181 von 260. Buch 181 von 260 - The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Artificial Intelligence and Security in Computing Systems is a peer-reviewed conference volume focusing on three areas of practice and research progress in information technologies: -Methods of Artificial Intelligence presents methods and algorithms which are the basis for applications of art…ificial intelligence environments. -Multiagent Systems include laboratory research on multiagent intelligent systems as well as upon their applications in transportation and information systems. -Computer Security and Safety presents techniques and algorithms which will be of great interest to practitioners. In general, they focus on new cryptographic algorithms (including a symmetric key encryption scheme, hash functions, secret generation and sharing schemes, and secure data storage), a formal language for policy access control description and its implementation, and risk management methods (used for continuous analysis both in distributed network and software development projects).
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Digital signal processing (DSP) is used in a wide range of applications such as speech, telephone, mobile radio, video, radar and sonar. The sample rate requirements of these applications range from 10 KHz to 100 MHz. Real time implementation of these systems requires design of hardware which… can process signal samples as these are received from the source, as opposed to storing them in buffers and processing them in batch mode. Efficient implementation of real time hardware for DSP applications requires study of families of architectures and implementation styles out of which an appropriate architecture can be selected for a specified application. To this end, the digit-serial implementation style is proposed as an appropriate design methodology for cases where bit-serial systems cannot meet the sample rate requirements, and bit-parallel systems require excessive hardware. The number of bits processed in a clock cycle is referred to as the digit-size. The hardware complexity and the achievable sample rate increase with increase in the digit-size. As special cases, a digit serial system is reduced to bit-serial or bit-parallel when the digit-size is selected to equal one or the word-length, respectively. A family of implementations can be obtained by changing the digit-size parameter, thus permitting an optimal trade-off between throughput and size. Because of their structured architecture, digit-serial designs lend themselves to automatic compilation from algorithmic descriptions. An implementation of this design methodology, the Parsifal silicon compiler was developed at the General Electric Corporate Research and Development laboratory.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 1 Why Parsing Technologies .- 1.1 The gap between theory and application.- 1.2 About this book.- 2 The Computational Implementation of Principle-Based Parsers.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The principle ordering problem.- 2.3 Examples of parsing using the Po-Parser.- 2.4 Concluding remarks.- 3 Par…sing with Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Lexicalization of CFGs.- 3.3 Lexicalized TAGs.- 3.4 Parsing lexicalized TAGs.- 3.5 Concluding remarks.- 4 Parsing with Discontinuous Phrase Structure Grammar.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Trees with discontinuities.- 4.3 Disco-Trees in grammar rules.- 4.4 Implementing DPSG: An enhanced chart parser.- 4.5 Concluding remarks.- 5 Parsing with Categorial Grammar in Predictive Normal Form.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Overview of predictive normal form.- 5.3 Source grammar (G).- 5.4 Predictive normal form (G).- 5.5 Ambiguity in G.- 5.6 Equivalence of G and G.- 5.7 Concluding remarks.- 6 PREMO: Parsing by conspicuous lexical consumption.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The preference machine.- 6.3 Global data.- 6.4 Preference semantics.- 6.5 PREMO example.- 6.6 Comparison to other work.- 6.7 Concluding remarks.- 7 Parsing, Word Associations, and Typical Predicate-Argument Relations.- 7.1 Mutual information.- 7.2 Phrasal verbs.- 7.3 Preprocessing the corpus with a part of speech tagger.- 7.4 Preprocessing with a syntactic parser.- 7.5 Significance levels.- 7.6 Just a powerful tool.- 7.7 Practical applications.- 7.8 Alternatives to collocation for recognition applications.- 7.9 Concluding remarks.- 8 Parsing Spoken Language Using Combinatory Grammars.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Structure and intonation.- 8.3 Combinatory grammars.- 8.4 Parsing with CCG.- 8.5 Intonational structure.- 8.6 A hypothesis.- 8.7 Conclusion.- 9 A Dependency-Based Parser for Topic and Focus.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Dependency-based output structures.- 9.3 The semantic impact of topic-focus articulation.- 9.4 Parsing procedure for topic and focus.- 9.5 Parsing sentences in a text.- 9.6 Concluding remarks.- 10 A Probabilistic Parsing Method for Sentence Disambiguation.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Probabilistic context-free grammar.- 10.3 Experiments.- 10.4 Concluding remarks.- 11 Towards a Uniform Formal Framework for Parsing.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Context-free parsing.- 11.3 Horn clauses.- 11.4 Other linguistic formalisms.- 11.5 Concluding remarks.- 12 A Method for Disjunctive Constraint Satisfaction.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Turning disjunctions into contexted constraints.- 12.3 Normalizing the contexted constraints.- 12.4 Extracting the disjunctive residue.- 12.5 Producing the models.- 12.6 Comparison with other techniques.- 12.7 Concluding remarks.- 13 Polynomial Parsing of Extensions of Context-Free Grammars.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Linear indexed grammars.- 13.3 Combinatory categorial grammars.- 13.4 Tree Adjoining Grammars.- 13.5 Importance of linearity.- 13.6 Concluding remarks.- 14 Overview of Parallel Parsing Strategies.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 From one to many traditional serial parsers.- 14.3 Translating grammar rules into process configurations.- 14.4 From sentence words to processes.- 14.5 Connectionist parsing algorithms.- 14.6 Concluding remarks.- 15 Chart Parsing for Loosely Coupled Parallel Systems.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Parsing for loosely coupled systems.- 15.3 Parallelism and the chart.- 15.4 Distributing the chart.- 15.5 Communication vs. computation - Results for the Hypercube(TM).- 15.6 Towards wider comparability - The abstract parallel agenda.- 15.7 Termination and Synchronization.- 15.8 Testingthe portable system - Results of network experiment.- 15.9 Alternative patterns of edge distribution.- 15.10 Concluding remarks.- 16 Parsing with Connectionist Networks.- 16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 Incremental parsing.- 16.3 Connectionist network formalism.- 16.4 Parsing network architecture.- 16.5 Parsing network performance.- 16.6 Extensions.- 16.7 Concluding remarks.- 17 A Broad-Coverage Na.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) can generally be viewed as substituting background knowledge for the large training set of exemplars needed by conventional or empirical machine learning systems. The background knowledge is used automatically to construct an explanation of a few training exem…plars. The learned concept is generalized directly from this explanation. The first EBL systems of the modern era were Mitchell's LEX2, Silver's LP, and De Jong's KIDNAP natural language system. Two of these systems, Mitchell's and De Jong's, have led to extensive follow-up research in EBL. This book outlines the significant steps in EBL research of the Illinois group under De Jong. This volume describes theoretical research and computer systems that use a broad range of formalisms: schemas, production systems, qualitative reasoning models, non-monotonic logic, situation calculus, and some home-grown ad hoc representations. This has been done consciously to avoid sacrificing the ultimate research significance in favor of the expediency of any particular formalism. The ultimate goal, of course, is to adopt (or devise) the right formalism.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The Third International Symposium on Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, organized by George Frank, C. Paul Bianchi, and Henk E. DJ. ter Keurs, was held in Banff Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada during June 26 to June 30, 1991. The theme of these symposia ha…s been to recognize the similarities and dissimilarities of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Cross fertilization of concepts of excitation-contraction coupling in these three types of muscle has occurred since the early studies in the late fifties and early sixties on skeletal muscle. Investigators in each field meet only at specialized symposia which exclude investigators in the other fields. The purpose of the symposia has been to bring together international investigators studying excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle so that we may learn from each other and hence provide a more global concept of excitation-contraction. The Third International Symposia has accomplished its objective as we recognize that calcium channels of the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum play key essential roles in excitation-contraction coupling in all three types of muscles. In skeletal muscle the recognition that E-C coupling consists of two parallel mechanisms, one dependent upon a dihydropyridine voltage-sensitive sensors coupled to calcium release from the terminal cisternae via the ryanodine sensitive channel in the foot structure of the triad.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - PROFESSOR SIR KENNETH L. STUART Pain control has become one ofmedicine's most rapidly growing disciplines, and Iwelcome the opportunity to write this foreword to abook that Iam sure will make its own unique contribution to advancing this discipline. My pleasure in writing it is heightened by…my pride in the fact that its editor was at one time an undergraduate student of mine at the University of the West Indies in Jamaica. One of the uncertainties teachers always face is that they can never predict how their charges will turn out. This uncertainty has been happily resolved. Dr. Parris' professional career has been marked by the same dedication and commitment that characterized his undergraduate days and that clearly has been brought to the preparation of this scholarly and practical work. Pain reliefhas been until recently acomparatively neglected field. Its neglect was determined not so much by lack ofprofessional awareness ofits import ance but mainly because so little could be done about it in the past.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: Springer Us Okt 2012, 2012
Serie: Cancer Treatment and Research, Buch 122 von 180. Buch 122 von 180 - Cancer Treatment and Research
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Gastric cancer has been one of the great malignant scourges affecting man kind for as long as medical records have been kept. Until operative resection pioneered by Bilroth and others became available, no effective treatment was feasible and death from cancer was virtually inevitable. Even wi…th resection by total gastrectomy, the chances of tumor eradication remained small. Over recent years, however, the situation has been changing. Some changes have resulted from better understanding of the disease, early detec tion, and better management techniques with applied clinical research, but the reasons for other changes are poorly understood. For example, the incidence of gastric cancer is decreasing, especially in westernized societies, where it has fallen from one of the most common cancers to no longer being in the top five causes of cancer death. Still it remains the number one killer of adult males in Japan and Korea. Whether the reduced incidence in western societies is a result of dietary changes or methods of food preservation, or some other reason, is as yet uncertain. Improvements in outcome have been reported from mass screening and early detection; more refined techniques of establishing early diagnosis, tumor type, and tumor extent; more radical surgical resection; and resection at earlier stages of disease.
