springer us dez 2006 (16 Ergebnisse)

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Metagraphs and their Applications is a presentation of metagraph theory and its applications that begins by defining a metagraph and its uses. They are more complex than a simple graph structure, but they allow for representation and analysis of more complex systems. The material contained in this book is presented in two parts. The first develops the theoretical results with the emphasis on the development of a metagraph algebra. In the second part of the book, four promising applications of metagraphs are examined: 1) modeling of data relations, 2) the modeling of decision models, 3) the modeling of decision rules, and 4) the modeling of workflow tasks. Hence, the theoretical results in the initial chapters lay the foundation for the application areas in the second part of the book. The book concludes by examining several possible extensions of this work.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Demonstrational Optics presents a new didactical approach to the study of optics. Emphasizing the importance of elaborate new experimental demonstrations, pictorial illustrations, computer simulations and models of optical phenomena in order to ensure a deeper understanding of wave and geometric optics. It includes problems focused on the pragmatic needs of students, secondary school teachers, university professors and optical engineers. Part 2, Coherent and Statistical Optics, contains chapters on interference, diffraction, Fourier optics, light quanta, thermal radiation (Shot noise and Gaussian light), Correlation of light fields and Correlation of light intensities. A substantial part of this volume is devoted to thermal radiation and its properties, especially with partial coherence. A detailed treatment of the photo-effect with respect to statistical properties leads to the basics of statistical optics. To illustrate the phenomena covered by this volume, a large number of demonstration experiments are described and discussed. In the chapters devoted to statistical phenomena computer simulations are described, the code of all relevant programs being included.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Past, Present and Future of Research in the Information Society examines the role of research and the production of knowledge in the information society, with special emphasis on developing areas of the world.Past, Present and Future of Research in the Information Society is based on a three day conference that immediately precedes the second phase of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), in Tunisia (November 2005). Core issues of the conference lie at the intersection of computer science and engineering, information and communication technologies, the world wide web and development.Past, Present and Future of Research in the Information Society is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable for graduate-level students in computer science, engineering and sociology.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Current-mode circuits, where information is represented by the branch currents of the circuits rather than the nodal voltages as of voltage-mode circuits, possess many unique and attractive characteristics over their voltage-mode counterparts including a small nodal time constant, high current swing in the presence of a low supply voltage, reduced distor tion, a low input impedance, a high output impedance, less sensitive to switching noise, and better ESD immunity. CMOS current-mode circuits have found increasing applications in telecommunication sys tems, instrumentation, analog signal processing, multiprocessors, high speed computer interfaces, and the backplane of complex electronic sys tems. This book deals with the analysis and design of continuous-time CMOS current-mode circuits for data communications over wire chan nels. CMOS current-mode sampled-data networks, such as switch- current circuits, and current-mode logic circuits, are excluded. The book is organized as the followings : Chapter 1 examines the distinct characteristics of ideal voltage-mode and current-mode circuits. The topology duaUty of these two classes of circuits is investigated using the concept of inter-reciprocity and adjoint network. A critical comparison of the input and output impedances, bandwidth, slew rate, propagation delay, signal swing, supply voltage sensitivity, and ESD sensitivity of voltage-mode and current-mode cir cuits is provided. Chapter 2 investigates design techniques that improve the perfor mance of low-voltage current-mode circuits including input impedance reduction, output impedance boosting, bandwidth enhancement, mis match compensation, power consumption reduction, and swing improve ment. Chapter 3 investigates the modeling of wire channels.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - As natural phenomena are being probed and mapped in ever-greater detail, scientists in genomics and proteomics are facing an exponentially growing vol ume of increasingly complex-structured data, information, and knowledge. Ex amples include data from microarray gene expression experiments, bead-based and microfluidic technologies, and advanced high-throughput mass spectrom etry. A fundamental challenge for life scientists is to explore, analyze, and interpret this information effectively and efficiently. To address this challenge, traditional statistical methods are being complemented by methods from data mining, machine learning and artificial intelligence, visualization techniques, and emerging technologies such as Web services and grid computing. There exists a broad consensus that sophisticated methods and tools from statistics and data mining are required to address the growing data analysis and interpretation needs in the life sciences. However, there is also a great deal of confusion about the arsenal of available techniques and how these should be used to solve concrete analysis problems. Partly this confusion is due to a lack of mutual understanding caused by the different concepts, languages, methodologies, and practices prevailing within the different disciplines.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The design and development of electrical devices involves choosing from many possible variants that which is the best or optimum according to one or several criteria. These optimization criteria are usually already clear to the designer at the statement of the design problem. The methods of optimization considered in this book, allow us to sort out variants of the realization of a design on the basis of these criteria and to create the best device in the sense of the set criteria. Optimization of devices is one of the major problems in electrical engi neering that is related to an extensive class of inverse problems including synthesis, diagnostics, fault detection, identification, and some others with common mathematical properties. When designing a device, the engineer ac tually solves inverse problems by defining the device structure and its pa rameters, and then proceeds to deal with the technical specifications followed by the incorporation of his own notions of the best device. Frequently the so lutions obtained are based on intuition and previous experience. New meth ods and approaches discussed in this book will add mathematical rigor to these intuitive notions. By virtue of their urgency inverse problems have been investigated for more than a century. However, general methods for their solution have been developed only recently. An analysis of the scientific literature indicates a steadily growing interest among scientists and engineers in these problems.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - As postal liberalization gains momentum, traditional postage meter markets are being transformed into digital meter markets for enterprise mailers. Modern technologies such as cryptography, digital signatures, hardware security devices, the Internet, 2D bar codes, and high-speed scanning equipment have come together to establish different flavors of electronic postage, addressing the needs of postal operators, private carriers and mailers.Electronic PostageSystems: Technology, Security, Economicsintroduces a taxonomy of electronic postage systems and explains their security risks and countermeasures. The underlying cryptographic mechanisms are introduced and explained, and the industrial-scale electronic postage systems existing worldwide, are sorted out with respect to this taxonomy. The author also discusses privacy and anonymous mail, the state of standardization of electronic postage, and the process of security evaluation and testing of electronic postage systems.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Injuries kill and maim millions each year, and seriously impact the lives of countless loved ones. Yet until recently they have been considered a random, normal part of life. Preventing injuries, on the other hand, requires not only effective communication with the public, but also a reliable framework for creating and evaluating suitable interventions.The Handbook of Injury and Violence Prevention is the first book to address both halves of this challenge, reviewing evidence-based intervention programs in depth so professionals can identify successful, promising, and ineffective (and potentially harmful) prevention strategies. Over fifty experts present the current landscape of intervention methods - from risk reduction to rethinking social norms - as they address some of the most prevalent forms of accidental and violent injury, as well as emerging areas.- Overview chapters examine the social and economic scope of unintentional and violent injury today- Extensive literature review of specific intervention programs to prevent violence and injury-Special chapters on childhood injuries, alcohol-related accidents, and disasters - 'Interventions in the Field' section offers solid guidelines for implementing and improving existing programs- Critical analysis of issues involved in delivering programs to wider audiences - Helpful appendices list relevant agencies and professional resources.This dual focus on intervention and application makes the Handbook a bedrock text for professionals involved in delivering or managing prevention programs. Its what-works-now approach gives it particular utility in the graduate classroom, and researchers will benefit from the critical attention paid to knowledge gaps in the field. Itis a major resource for any reader committed to reducing the number of incidents just waiting to happen.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Overweight and the Metabolic Syndrome will provide an overview of topics related to obesity, including associated health risks, childhood obesity, genetics, evaluation, treatment, behavioral strategies, and successes and failures in preventing obesity. The body composition that underlies obesity and the metabolic syndrome is key to understanding the problem. The mechanisms by which energy balance is maintained is key to how the problem goes wrong. The metabolic syndrome is in part a consequence of central fat storage, but includes more issues such as insulin resistance, low levels of inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. This volume will cover evaluation guidelines, different approaches to treatment, including diet, exercise, behavior, drugs, and surgery to deal with the current world-wide obesity epidemic.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Residual Stress Measurement and the Slitting Method provides complete coverage of the slitting method with new results in analysis, computation and estimation. It discusses different roles of residual stresses from the fracture mechanics perspective. Covering both near-surface and through-thickness residual stress measurements, the book serves as a reference tool for graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers. The authors include discussions on the general expressions for residual stresses acting on the site of a slit, the analysis based on fracture mechanics solutions and finite element computations, the estimations using continuous and piecewise functions with and without least squares fit, examples of residual stress measurement and error analysis, the measurement of stress intensity factors, and many more timely topics. With more than 130 figures, Residual Stress Measurement and the Slitting Method provides detailed formulations and examples of compliance functions, weighted least squares fit and convergence test in stress estimation, and computer programs to facilitate the implementation of the slitting method. This book is an invaluable reference for professionals and researchers in the field.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Optical Networking Standards: A Comprehensive Guide for Professionals provides a single source reference of over a hundred standards and industry technical specifications for optical networks at all levels: from components to networking systems through global networks, as well as coverage of networks management and services. This book focuses on the recently approved, adopted and implemented standards that have fueled the development of versatile switches, routers and multi-service provisioning platforms. These networking elements have enabled the service-providers world-wide to offer flexible yet customized bundled-services based on IP, MPLS and Carrier-Grade Ethernet. Lead implementers, contributors and editors of the new standards have come together to produce this uniform and complete reference. The list includes independent consultants, professionals, and researchers from such companies as AMCC, Agere Systems, British Telecom, Ciena Corporation, Cisco Systems, Lucent Technologies, Marconi, Nortel, PMC-Sierra, Strix Systems and Tellabs.Highlights include recent advancements involving:- Critical technical standards and implementation from ITU-T, IETF, MEF, and OIF- Optimization of SONET/SDH and OTN infrastructure for data delivery, GFP, VCAT and LCAS- IP, MPLS, Ethernet and Fibre Channel services over public networks- Optical control plane for dynamically switched optical networks, ASON- Network survivability and recovery- Timing in global optical networks- Architecture of optical transport networks- Network element design using standardized components and inter-components communication- Numerous illustrative examples showing actual situations or cases implementedThe volume has been edited by Dr. Khurram Kazi, a networking veteran with over 19 years of real-world expertise in architecting and designing ASICs and systems for SONET, IP, ATM, PDH and Ethernet networks. Dr. Kazi has published refereed articles and conference tutorials on topics ranging from optical components to ASICs and Optical Networks.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Database security is one of the classical topics in the research of information system security. Ever since the early years of database management systems, a great deal of research activity has been conducted. Fruitful results have been produced, many of which are widely adopted in commercial and military database management systems. In recent years, the research scope of database security has been greatly expanded due to the rapid development of the global internetworked infrastructure. Databases are no longer stand-alone systems that are only accessible to internal users of - ganizations. Instead, allowing selective access from different security domains has become a must for many business practices. Many of the assumptions and problems in traditional databases need to be revisited and readdressed in decentralized en- ronments. Further, the Internet and the Web offer means for collecting and sharing data with unprecedented flexibility and convenience. New data services are eme- ing every day, which also bring new challenges to protect of data security. We have witnessed many exciting research works toward identifying and addressing such new challenges. We feel it is necessary to summarize and systematically present works in these new areas to researchers. This book presents a collection of essays, covering a wide range of today's active areas closely related to database security organized as follows. In Part I, We review classical work in database security, and report their recent advances and necessary extensions.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Whatever its final readership and impact, we, the Editors, feel this book is im portant. It addresses the realisation that there is a deep and abiding synergy, albeit one only now being properly explored and exploited, between immunol ogy and computational science. This area of intersection we christen in silico immunology. Immunology is an inspiration for computational scientists seek ing practical and philosophical metaphors for their work; but, at the same time, it is itself a biological discipline of such discombobulating complexity that only computational help as different as simulation and data warehousing can make its modern study tractable. Thus immunology both inspires but also requires computational science. This book deals in detail with the three main areas of in silico immunology: theoretical immunology, immunoinformatics, and artificial immune systems. While all of these are now well-established the interactions between the three are only beginning to be developed. It is a truly exciting time to be working in in silicio immunology. We are reaching a critical mass that will enable great strides to be taken and significant achievements to be made. Like David Hume, we may yet come to regret that this book falls still born from the press but we hope not. Hopefully it will instead strike a cord and tap into a burgeoning Zeitgeist ready to capitalise on the remarkable potential that is in silico immunology.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Transport phenomena is used here to describe momentuin, energy, mass, and entropy transfer [1, 2]. It includes thermodynamics, a special case of which is thermosiaiics. Interfacial transport phenomena refers to momentum, energy, mass, and entropy transfer within the immediate neighborhood of a phase interface, including the thermodynamics of the interface. In terms of qualitative physical observations, this is a very old field. Pliny the Elder (Gains Plinius Secundus, 23-79 A. D. ; Pliny [3]) described divers who released small quantities of oil from their mouths, in order to damp capillary ripples on the ocean surface and in this way provide more uniform lighting for their work. Similar stories were retold by Benjamin Franklin, who conducted experiments of his own in England [4]. In terms of analysis, this is a generally young field. Surface thermostat ics developed relatively early, starting with Gibbs [5] and continuing with important contributions by many others (see Chap. 4). Derjaguin and Lan dau [6] and Verwey and Overbeek [7] indicated how London-van der Waals and electrostatic double-layer forces were to be incorporated in continuum mechanics, now often referred to as DLVO theory. But prior to 1960, there were relatively few notable papers concerned with the analysis of dynamic systems. Two stand out in my mind. Boussinesq [8] recognized the surface stress tensor and proposed the constitutive equation that we now refer to as the Boussinesq surface fluid model (Sect. 4. 9. 5).

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Aortic dissection affects approximately two in ten thousand individuals and can be fatal. This state-of the-art publication is a result of the combined efforts of participants from the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD). The book has been divided into sections. Each chapter provides a succinct overview of the current clinical literature and incorporates illustrations for further explanation.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Ontology, or the nature of being, has been a focal area of study in the philosophical disciplines for a long time. Interpreted simply, the term ontology refers to the question 'what kinds of things exist ' to a philosopher, while a computer scientist grapples with the question 'what kinds of things should we capture and represent ' Together, research on the two questions yield a broad framework for the analysis of a discourse universe, its representation in some abstract form and the development of organizations and systems within the universe. The philosophical perspective on ontology provides a description of the essential properties and relations of all beings in the universe, while this notion has been expanded as well as specialized in the fields of computer science and artificial intelligence. The AI/CS communities now use this notion to refer to not one but multiple ontologies. In the AI/CS perspective, an ontology refers to the specification of knowledge about entities, and their relationships and interactions in a bounded universe of discourse only. As a result, a number of bounded-universe ontologies have been created over the last decade. These include the Chemicals ontology in the chemistry area, the TOVE and Enterprise ontologies for enterprise modeling, the REA ontology in the accounting area, organizational knowledge ontology in the knowledge management area, an ontology of air campaign planning in the defense area, and the GALEN ontology in the medical informatics area.