springer sep 1995 (16 Ergebnisse)

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This volume surveys oxidation activities in key biological systems, including heme proteins and enzymes, oxygenases and oxidases, photosynthetic systems, and cell and tissue damage.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A theoretical analysis of international trade and industrial policy, developing and using new models of trade with imperfect competition. Modeling of imperfect competition within international trade has been difficult until recent breakthroughs in this area, which have provided a more realistic view of the world economy. The book builds on the advances provided by such tools as game theory and the theory of monopolistic competition. The first section covers broad and basic trade issues which arise under imperfect competition. Section two examines implications for trade policy covering issues such as strategic trade policy in static and dynamic settings. Section three deals with various structural issues, such as optimal choice of trade liberalizing policies, the formation of trade blocks, and open dualistic economy with externalities.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In Symbolic Analysis for Parallelizing Compilers the author presents an excellent demonstration of the effectiveness of symbolic analysis in tackling important optimization problems, some of which inhibit loop parallelization. The framework that Haghighat presents has proved extremely successful in induction and wraparound variable analysis, strength reduction, dead code elimination and symbolic constant propagation. The approach can be applied to any program transformation or optimization problem that uses properties and value ranges of program names. Symbolic analysis can be used on any transformational system or optimization problem that relies on compile-time information about program variables. This covers the majority of, if not all optimization and parallelization techniques. The book makes a compelling case for the potential of symbolic analysis, applying it for the first time - and with remarkable results - to a number of classical optimization problems: loop scheduling, static timing or size analysis, and dependence analysis. It demonstrates how symbolic analysis can solve these problems faster and more accurately than existing hybrid techniques.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Corona- and related viruses are important human and animal pathogens which also serve as models for other viral-mediated diseases. The August-September 1994 symposium provided a current understanding of the molecular biology, immunology, and pathogenesis of corona-, toro-, and arterivirus infections'.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - I. Blood Coagulation.- The Molecular Biology of Haemophilia.- Molecular Biology of the Various Types of Von Willebrand Disease.- Molecular Basis of Thrombophilia.- Inhibitory Sequences Within the Clotting Factor VIII cDNA Block Transcriptional Elongation and Complicate Efforts Toward Gene Therapy for Haemophilia A.- II. Haemoglobin and Red Cells.- Globin Gene Regulation.- Molecular Pathology of the Thalassaemia Syndromes.- The Current Status of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Gene Therapy in the Management of TheHaemoglobinopathies.- The Molecular Biology of Blood Groups: Relevance to the Study of Erythroid Maturation and the Clinical Management of Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn.- Genetic Abnormalities in Blood Group Serology.- III. White Cells and Malignancies.- The Role of The Blood Bank in Human Gene Therapy Trials.- Translocation in Cancer: Mechanism of Oncogenic Conversion and Implications for Therapy.- Role of Topoisomerase II A and B Isozymes in Determining Drug Resistance In Vitro and In Vivo.- Impact of Cell Culture Technology on Transfusion Medicine.- Gene Therapy for Primary Immune Deficiencies.- IV. Gene Technology, Ethics and the Future.- Ethics and Genetic Manipulation.- Is There a Role for Transfusion Medicine in the Genetic Correction of Genetic Disorders and Other Diseases .- Vectors for Gene Therapy: Strategies for Making Gene Therapy Work.- From Blood Stain to Pathogenesis Study of Human Hereditary Diseases.- The Potential Impact of Gene Therapy in Blood Transfusion.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Error detecting codes are very popular for error control in practical systems for two reasons. First, such codes can be used to provide any desired reliability of communication over any noisy channel. Second, implementation is usually much simpler than for a system using error correcting codes. To consider a particular code for use in such a system, it is very important to be able to calculate or estimate the probability of undetected error. For the binary symmetric channel, the probability of undetected error can be expressed in terms of the weight distribution of the code. The first part of the book gives a detailed description of all known methods to calculate or estimate the probability of undetected error, for the binary symmetric channel in particular, but a number of other channel models are also considered. The second part of the book describes a number of protocols for feedback communication systems (ARQ systems), with methods for optimal choice of error detecting codes for the protocols. Results have been collected from many sources and given a unified presentation. The results are presented in a form which make them accessible to the telecommunication system designer as well as the coding theory researcher and student. The system designer may find the presentation of CRC codes as well as the system performance analysis techniques particularly useful. The coding theorist will find a detailed account of a part of coding theory which is usually just mentioned in most text books and which contains a number of interesting and useful results as well as many challenging open problems. Audience: Essential for students, practitioners and researchers working in communications and coding theory. An excellent text for an advanced course on the subject.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The role of orthography in reading and writing is not a new topic of inquiry. For example, in 1970 Venezky made a seminal contribution with The Structure of English Orthography in which he showed how both sequential redundancy (probable and permissible letter sequences) and rules of letter-sound correspondence contribute to orthographic structure. In 1972 Kavanagh and Mattingly edited Language by Eye and by Ear which contained important linguistic studies of the orthographic system. In 1980 Ehri introduced the concept of orthographic images, that is, the representation of written words in memory, and proposed that the image is created by an amalgamation of the word's orthographic and phonological In 1981 Taylor described the evolution of properties. orthographies in writing systems-from the earliest logographies for pictorial representation of ideas to syllabaries for phonetic representation of sounds to alphabets for phonemic representation of sounds. In 1985 Frith proposed a stage model for the role of orthographic knowledge in development of word recognition: Initially in the logographic stage a few words can be recognized on the basis of partial spelling information; in the alphabetic stage words are recognized on the basis of grapheme-phoneme correspondence; in the orthographic stage spelling units are recognized automatically without phonological mediation. In 1990 Adams applied connectionism to an analysis of the orthographic processing of skilled readers: letter patterns emerge from the association units linking individual letters.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The ongoing debate on the use of DNA profiles to identify perpetrators in criminal investigations or fathers in paternity disputes has too often been conducted with no regard to sound statistical, genetic or legal reasoning. The contributors to Human Identification: The Use of DNA Markers all have considerable experience in forensic science, statistical genetics or jurimetrics, and many of them have had to explain the scientific issues involved in using DNA profiles to judges and juries. Although the authors hold differing views on some of the issues, they have all produced accounts which pay due attention to the, sometimes troubling, issues of independence of components of the profiles and of population substructures. The book presents the considerable evolution of ideas that has occurred since the 1992 Report of the National Research Council of the U.S. Audience: Indispensable to forensic scientists, laying out the concepts to all those with an interest in the use of genetic information. The chapters and exhaustive bibliography are vital information for all lawyers who must prosecute or defend DNA cases, and to judges trying such cases.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The present volume contains the text of the invited talks delivered at the Eighth International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories held at SchloB Seggau, Province of Styria, Austria, during the period August 22-26, 1994. The pro ceedings of the Fifth Conference (Oulu, Finland 1987), the Sixth Conference (Arad, Israel 1989) and the Seventh Conference (Minneapolis, USA 1991) have been published. by Plenum as the first three volumes of this series. Papers from the First Conference (Trieste, Italy 1978) comprise Nuclear Physics volume A328, Nos. 1 and 2, the Second Conference (Oaxtepec, Mexico 1979) was published by Springer-Verlag as volume 142 of 'Lecture Notes in Physics,' entitled 'Recent Progress in Many Body Theories.' Vol ume 198 of the same series contains the papers from the Third Conference (Altenberg, 1983). These volumes intend to cover a broad spectrum of current research topics in physics that benefit from the application of many-body theories for their elucidation. At the same time there is a focus on the development and refinement of many-body methods. One of the major aims of the conference series has been to foster the exchange of ideas among physicists working in such diverse areas as nuclear physics, quantum chemistry, complex systems, lattice Hamiltonians, quantum fluids and condensed matter physics. The present volume contains contributions from all these areas. th The conference was dedicated on the occasion of Ludwig Boltzmann's 150 birthday.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Higher transmission speeds, larger traffic volumes and the unpredictable characteristics of new applications, coupled with new end-user functions and features and variability of bandwidth, demand new networking methods, technologies and algorithms. These new directions are explored in Control and Performance in Packet, Circuit, and ATM Networks, which includes discussions of static flow, fluid flow, dynamic flow, learning automata, neural networks, fuzzy logic and much more. These techniques are used in performance evaluation, control and optimization of communications networks. Each of the methods achieves a different goal, and understanding them helps in the evaluation of different aspects of control and performance in communication networks. The book combines queuing theory with static-flow models and static optimization methods in order to analyze the behavior of communication networks. In addition, it reviews queuing theory and static optimization methods for the study of control problems in telecommunication networks. A valuable reference that can also be used as a text for an advanced course on the subject.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Controlling the mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of materials by advanced fabrication methods (Le. ; Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) has become the new paradigm in our research era. Sensors, being the most vital part of the electronic data processing and decision making machines, stand to gain the most from engineering of the properties of materials. Microfabrication technology has already contributed significantly to the batch fabrication of micro-sensors with higher over all qualities compared to their counterparts that are fabricated using other methods. Batch fabrication of micro-sensors i) results in more uniform properties of co-fabricated devices, ii) nearly eliminates the need for characterization of individual sensors, and iii) eliminates a need for laborious alignment procedures. A less obvious benefit of using microfabrication methods is the possibility of precise control over the dimensions of the sensor. This control enables engineering of some of the properties of the material which affect the sensor's operation. There are many examples of this in the literature. Optical sensors are known to have superior properties over their counterparts that use other (i. e. ; electrostatic and magnetic) means of detection. To name a few, these advantages are: i) immunity to electromagnetic interferences, ii) higher sensitivities compared to the other types of sensors, iii) simplicity of operation principles, and iv) simplicity of overall construction.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In the ten years since the scientific rationale for the design, synthesis and application of inorganic and organometallic polymers (IOPs) was first conceptualised, we have witnessed the first tentative exploration of IOPs as precursors to new materials, with efforts focusing on the design and synthesis of novel ceramic precursors. Developing expertise led to precursor studies combined with the characterisation of the transformation processes that occur when IOPs are converted to ceramic materials. Now at maturity, the science presented in this volume reveals the polymer precursor approach to materials synthesis together with examples of processing ceramic shapes for a range of mechanical properties, the development of sophisticated, noninvasive analytical techniques, and IOP design rationales relying on well-defined processing-property relationships. The production of multifunctional IOPs is described, providing ion conductivity, gas sensing, bioactivity, magnetic properties, etc., combined with processability. The existence of well-defined IOPs and the exquisite control that can be exerted on sol-gel systems now provide access to such a variety of mixed organic-organometallic and/or inorganic hybrid systems that their exploitation is likely to develop into an entirely new field of materials chemistry. Future exciting avenues of research are also being opened up with the advent of buckyballs, Met-Cars, dopable preceramics, rigid-rod organometallics, and molecular tinkertoys.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Both the way we look at data, through a DBMS, and the nature of data we ask a DBMS to manage have drastically evolved over the last decade, moving from text to images (and to sound to a lesser extent). Visual representations are used extensively within new user interfaces. Powerful visual approaches are being experimented for data manipulation, including the investigation of three dimensional display techniques. Similarly, sophisticated data visualization techniques are dramatically improving the understanding of the information extracted from a database. On the other hand, more and more applications use images as basic data or to enhance the quality and richness of data manipulation services. Image management has opened a wide area of new research topics in image understanding and analysis. The IFIP 2.6 Working Group on Databases strongly believes that a significant mutual enrichment is possible by confronting ideas, concepts and techniques supporting the work of researcher and practitioners in the two areas of visual interfaces to DBMS and DBMS management of visual data. For this reason, IFIP 2.6 has launched a series of conferences on Visual Database Systems. The first one has been held in Tokyo, 1989. VDB-2 was held in Budapest, 1991. This conference is the third in the series. As the preceding editions, the conference addresses researchers and practitioners active or interested in user interfaces, human-computer communication, knowledge representation and management, image processing and understanding, multimedia database techniques and computer vision.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Industrial radiography is a well-established non-destructive testing (NDT) method in which the basic principles were established many years ago. However, during 1993-95 the European Standards Organisa tion (CEN) commenced drafting many new standards on NDT including radiographic methods, and when completed these will replace national standards in all the EC member countries. In some cases these standards vary significantly from those in use in the UK at present. These CEN standards are accepted by majority, not unanimous voting, so they will become mandatory even in countries which vote against them. As most are likely to be legal by the time this second edition is published, they are described in the appropriate places in the text. The most important new technical development is the greater use of computers in radiology. In the first edition, computerized tomography was only briefly mentioned at the end of Chapter 11, as it was then largely a medical method with only a few equipments having found a place in industrial use. The method depends on a complex computer program and a large data store. Industrial equipments are now being built, although their spread into industry has been slow. Computer data storage is also being used for radiographic data. Small computers can now store all the data produced by scanning a radiographic film with a small light-spot, and various programs can be applied to these data.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - depth overview of the retrovirus family. I have greatly enjoyed and learned from this experience. Each chapter is an excellent introduction to the topic covered and provides a good foundation for further work in the field. Jay A. Levy University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, California REFERENCES Brown, E. W., Yuhki, N., Packer, C., and O'Brien, S. J., 1994, A lion lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: Epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects, , Viral. 68:5953-5968. Merza, M., Larsson, E., Steen, M., and Morein, B., 1994, Association of a retrovirus with a wasting condition in the Swedish moose, Virology 202:956-961. Contents Chapter 1 The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Edward Barker, Susan W Barnett, Leonidas Stamatatos, and Jay A. Levy I. Introduction . 1 TI. Description of Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 A. Virus Structure . 2 B. Genetic Organization and Gene Function . 2 TIL Transmission. 7 A. General Observations . 7 B. HIV Transmission by Blood and Blood Products . 8 C. HIV Transmission by Genital Fluids . 10 D. HIV Transmission by Other Body Fluids . 12 E. Mother-to-Child Transmission . 12 IV. HIV Infection of the Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Introduction . 13 B. HIV-Cell Interaction. . . 15 C. CD4-Induced gp120 Conformational Changes . 16 D. Soluble CD4-Induced gp120-gp41 Dissociation. . 16 E. gp120 Proteolytic Cleavage . 17 F. pH-Independent Membrane Fusion . 19 G. Transmission of HIV by Cell-to-Cell Fusion. 19 H. Additional Cell Surface Receptors for HIV . 20 I. The Envelope Region and Cell Tropism . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . .

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The 43rd Annual Conference on Applications ofX-ray Analysis was held August 1-5, 1994, at the Sheraton Steamboat Resort & Conference Center in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The Denver X-Ray Conference has evolved from the 1950's into an international forum for the interaction of scientists, engineers and technologists interested in the use of x-rays in materials characterization. It has not only acted as a venue but has both stimulated and nurtured many of the principal developments in this field over the years. The major changes that have been occurring on the national and international scene as a result of the end of the cold war have dramatic-ally affected the way the materials community does business. The removal of defense priorities and development funds from most new materials initiatives has stimulated the char acterization communities to look to increasing the speed of their methods. This is being accom plished via the development of very fast dynamic characterization procedures which can rapidly and intelligently monitor and optimize the formation of a desired microstructure. The develop ment of intelligent characterization procedures applied in real-time during the manufacturing process can lead to the ability to design desired microstructures. Another potential advantage to this approach is its ability to characterize the actual amount of material which goes into a final product; permitting a rapid transition from R&D to manufacturing by avoiding the prob lems associated with scale-up.