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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Many chemists and biochemists require to know the ionization constants of organic acids and bases. This is evident from the Science Citation Index which lists The Determination of Ionization Constants by A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant (1971) as one of the most widely quoted books in the chemical literature. Although, ultimately, there is no satisfactory alternative to experimental measurement, it is not always convenient or practicable to make the necessary measure ments and calculations. Moreover, the massive pK. compilations currently available provide values for only a small fraction of known or possible acids or bases. For example, the compilations listed in Section 1. 3 give pK. data for some 6 000--8 000 acids, whereas if the conservative estimate is made that there are one hundred different substituent groups available to substitute in the benzene ring of benzoic acid, approximately five million tri-substituted benzoic acids are theoretically possible. Thus we have long felt that it is useful to consider methods by which a pK. value might be predicted as an interim value to within several tenths of a pH unit using arguments based on linear free energy relationships, by analogy, by extrapolation, by interpolation from existing data, or in some other way. This degree of precision may be adequate for many purposes such as the recording of spectra of pure species (as anion, neutral molecule or cation), for selection of conditions favourable to solvent extraction, and for the interpretation of pH-profiles for organic reactions.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - It is a pleasure to present the book, Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity, for reference and textbook use. The text is an outgrowth of the Obesity Weight Control Track of the 1982 La Crosse Health and Sports Science Symposium, sponsored annually by the La Crosse Exercise Program, Uni versity of Wisconsin-La Crosse. With versatile faculty, topics, and attend ing professionals, the Obesity-Weight Control Track stimulated an effort to produce interdisciplinary resources on obesity. Out of this effort, three books have been compiled and edited. This book, Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity, introduces an interdis ciplinary, practical approach to obesity management. The other two books, Nutrition and Exercise in Obesity Management and Behavioral Management of Obesity, expand on the basic theories introduced in this book, providing in-depth information of value to the practicing profes sional. These three books apply the latest information from the fields of medicine, nutrition, exercise, and psychology to the problem of obesity. The information is intended to guide health professionals in the inter disciplinary management of obesity. In 1983 the Obesity-Weight Control Track focused on controversial issues of theoretical and practical concern. The speakers from this track contributed their expertise to the compilation of two additional books. Thus, Trends and Controversies in Obesity Research and Innovation in Obesity Program Development will complete the series. Consider the five volumes a consolidated, comprehensive reference related to the growing, interdisciplinary field of weight control.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'When you are doing something that is a brand new adventure, breaking new ground, whether it is something like a techno logical breakthrough or simply a way of living that is not what the community can help you with, there is always the danger of too much enthusiasm, of neglecting certain mechan ical details. Then you fall off. 'A danger path this is. ' When you follow the path of your desire and enthusiasm and emotion, keep your mind in control, and don't let it pull you compulsively into disaster. ' Joseph Campbell, The Power of Myth Through ten years of working with and observing scientists in the bio medical fields, I have found Joseph Campbell's words to be especially applicable to the scientist who decides to embark on an entrepreneurial journey. Joseph Campbell was not a student of entrepreneurship. His scholarship was contained in a series of comprehensive studies of mythology, the captivating stories of mankind's search over the ages for truth, meaning and significance. Still, his advice here contains many of the essential ingredients of successful science-based venturing: the charting of new ground socially, technological breakthroughs, enthusiasm and emotion balanced by careful reasoning, and finally, awareness of the danger of neglecting details. Coming from such a different philosophical and occupational culture into entrepreneurship and business, the scientist faces extraordinary challenges although the rewards of putting together a successful company can be equally satisfying.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - since the earliest results on the linkage between ras activation and cell transformation appeared a vast amount of additional information has been generated which emphasizes the importance of ras-related genes in membrane trafficking, cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer. These advances led to the development of new strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis and prevention of cancer. Ras-related genes appear to be central to the mechanism of transformation by other oncogenes and therefore constitute a focal point upon which attempts to intervene in the process of carcinogenesis will be concentrated. The present volume contains the contributions to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the 'The Superfamily of ras-Related Genes' held in Agia Pelagia, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 1991. At this meeting the leading researchers in this field carne together to discuss the most recent progress in analysis of biological function of the ras-related genes. As an organizer I feel that the Workshop was a success, and would like to thank all the participants and the contributors to this volume. I thank the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Brussels, the Greek Ministry of Industry, Energy and Technology, the International Center for Cancer Research, the National Hellenic Research Foundation and the Medical School, University of Crete for sponsoring the Meeting.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 1 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Prostaglandins.- I. Introduction.- II. Mass Spectrometry Systems for Prostaglandin Analysis.- III. Methods of Extraction and Chromatography.- IV. Biological Applications.- V. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 2 Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Metabolism as Measured by Radioimmunoassay.- I. Introduction.- II. Serological Specificities of the Prostaglandin Immune Systems.- III. Prostaglandin Synthetase.- IV. Prostaglandin E 9-Ketoreductases.- V. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases.- VI. Prostaglandin 13-Reductase.- VII. PGE Dehydrase, PGA Isomerase, and PGC Isomerase.- VIII. Regulation of PGE and PGF Levels.- IX. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 3 The Endocrine System: Interaction of Prostaglandins with Adenylyl Cyclase-Cyclic AMP Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. Thyroid.- III. Pituitary.- IV. Pancreas.- V. Adrenal.- VI. Ovaries.- VII. References.- 4 Induction of Labor with Prostaglandins.- I. Historical Background.- II. Induction of Labor with Intravenous Prostaglandins.- III. Other Routes of Administration.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References.- 5 Cardiovascular Responses to the Prostaglandin Precursors.- I. Introduction.- II. Blood Pressure.- III. Cardiac Effects.- IV. Renal Circulation.- V. Pulmonary Circulation.- VI. Other Regional Circulations.- VII. Platelets 141 VIII Summary.- IX. References.- 6 Role of Prostaglandins in Fever and Temperature Regulation.- I. Introduction.- A. Temperature Regulation B. Fever 148.- II. Role of PGs in Fever.- III. PG Synthesis in Brain during Fever.- IV. Difficulties with the PG Hypothesis.- V. PGs in Normal Temperature Regulation.- VI. Summary of the Existing Evidence.- VII. Addendum.- VIII. References.- 7 Prostaglandins and the Lung.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Content andSynthesis in the Lung.- III. Catabolism and Uptake of Prostaglandins in the Lung.- IV. Release of Prostaglandins from the Lung.- V. Bronchopulmonary Effects of Prostaglandins.- VII. Summary and Conclusions.- VIII. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 8 Prostaglandins and the Digestive System.- I. Introduction.- II. Salivary Glands.- III. Esophagus.- IV. Stomach.- VI. Bile and Pancreatic Secretion.- VII. Cytoprotection by Prostaglandins.- VIII. References.- 9 Prostaglandins and Renal Function, or 'A Trip down the Rabbit Hole'.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Synthesis and Metabolism.- III. Role of Prostaglandins in the Control of Renal Blood Flow.- IV. Role of Prostaglandins in Salt and Water Homeostasis.- V. Conclusion.- VI. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 10 Prostaglandins and Cancer.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Synthesis by Tumors and Its Effects on Tumor Cell Replication.- III. Prostaglandins, Bone Resorption, and Hypercalcemia.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This volume records the papers presented in Chieti, Italy, at the 1991 meeting of the International Society for Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC). This was the eleventh of a series of assemblies held since 1959. This field of research, which examines the critical function and mechanisms of O and pHIPC0 sensitive cells in 2 2 the body, is unique in that it encompasses diverse biological and medical areas. The reader of this book will note chapters concerning modem techniques like in situ hybridization; analysis of cell membrane channels and intracellular ion movements; immunohistochemistry of peptides, hormones, and the corresponding receptors of chemoreceptor cells; and systemic analysis of reflex pathways involving chemoreceptor cells and their meaning in health and disease. This broad spectrum will appeal to readers interested in the chemoreceptor field, as well as young scientists seeking a scientific field where not only structural analysis but also a sense for functional connections is required. In recognition of the importance of the contribution of a new scientific generation to this field, ISAC awarded the prestigious F. de Castro-C. Heymans E. Neil prize to A. G6rlach, a young scientist. Also at this meeting, the Ferdinando Data Foundation Award, for helping scientists from non-developed countries to pursue their interest in chemoreception, was initiated. ISAC held plenary lectures in honor of C. Eyzaguirre and R. Forster, both of whom have contributed greatly to research in the chemoreceptor field.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book is about compressing data to make digital systems work more effi ciently. According to the dictionary, when something is compressed, it is con densed, squeezed, constricted, or pressed together to fit into less space. Air is compressed for a variety of useful purposes. Businesses are downsized to make them more efficient. We pack our daily schedules tighter and tighter to accomplish more. Who has not crushed an empty soda can for recycling Many different things can be compressed, including the data in computers, communications links, consumer-electronics gear, and all sizes and shapes of digital systems. Are you curious about how data compression squeezes the 'air' out of digital bits Would you like to know where it is used and, increasingly, why the marketplace demands it be used Would you like to learn the right way to build data compres sion into your products Then, this book is for you. This exciting technology and its importance for current and future digital systems are explained in easy to understand terms. No previous knowledge of data compression is required because the necessary technical background is carefully developed. Neither is an extensive understanding of mathematics be cause there are few equations and important ideas are graphically illustrated. If you read any of the popular or professional monthly magazines that cover the latest advances in digital systems, your background is adequate. If you understand this preface, you are ready to tackle this book.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The need for writing a monograph on polymer blends and composites became apparent during presentation of material on this subject to our advanced polymers class. Although the flood of important research in this area in the past decade has resulted in many symposia, edited collections of papers, reviews, contributions to scientific journals, and patents, apparently no organized presentation in book form has been forthcoming. In a closely connected way, another strong impetus for writing this monograph arose out of our research programs in the Materials Research Center at Lehigh University. As part of this effort, we had naturally compiled hundreds of references and become acquainted with many leaders in the field of blend and composite research. Perhaps the most important concept stressed over and over again is that engineering materials are useful because of their complexity, not in spite of it. Blends and composites are toughened because many modes of resistance to failure are available. Although such multimechanism processes are diffi cult to describe with a unified theory. we have presented available develop ments in juxtaposition with the experimental portions. The arguments somewhat resemble the classical discussion of resonance in organic chemistry, where molecular structures increase in stability as more electronic configura tions become available.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Highlighting examples of positive, evidence based practice throughout, this book explores working with people with learning disabilities at all life stages. With contributions from people with learning disabilities and their families, its person-centred approach illustrates how policy can be translated into practice with life-changing consequences.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - PRINCIPLES OF PERINATAL-NEONATAL METABOLISM, SECOND EDITION assembles a stellar international group of contributors to examine the various aspects of metabolism in the human adult during pregnancy, in the fetus, and in the newborn. Completely updated and revised with more than 17 new chapters, the book is divided into five sections: 1) Methodology and General Principles; 2) Maternal Metabolism During Pregnancy; 3) Fetal-Placental Metabolism; 4) Organ Specific Metabolism During the Perinatal Period; 5) Neonatal Metabolism. New to the second edition are discussions of methodologies using molecular biology technqiues, expanded coverage of central nervous system metabolism, and an entirely new section on organ-specific metabolism that is organized by organ-system. A must for every physician who cares for the pregnant patient and her child. From reviews of the critically acclaimed first edition: 'an incredible amount of information.of utmost value not only to the basic investigator but also to the clinician.' - JAMA 'a first-rate reference textbook that should be on the shelves of every institution that provides care for the pregnant women or her children' - NEJM 'I know of no other volume in which these important topics are integrated into a single text.I enthusiastically recommend it as a valuable reference to researchers, clinicians, fellows, and students.' - TEM.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The goal of Advances in Clinical Child Psychology is to provide clinicians and researchers in clinical child psychology, child psychiatry, and relat- ed mental health disciplines with an annual compilation of statements that summarize the new data, concepts, and techniques that advance our ability to help troubled children. Looking forward, the series intends to highlight the emerging developments that will guide our field of inquiry and practice. Looking back, the dozen volumes in this series chronicle the changes in our attempts to understand and solve the psychological problems of children and adolescents. Each year, scholars are chosen whose recent work is on the leading edge of clinical child psychology and related disciplines. They are se- lected either because their own work offers potentially important new information or theoretical viewpoints or because they are especially well qualified to discuss critical topics in the field that are not identified with one particular research program.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Judging from the articles published in Biochemistry, magnetic resonance techniques (NMR and ESR) are now among the most popular methods in biochemical research. The series Biological Magnetic Resonance, the fifth volume of which we are proudly presenting, is intended to provide authori tative coverage of topics of current interest. Previous volumes have covered a number of aspects in a thorough and pedagogical fashion rarely found in other publications in this field. Continuing to fulfill the mission of the series, this volume presents a chapter by Baxter, Mackenzie, and Scott on the applications of carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy in investigations of methabolic pathways in vivo. Blom berg and Ruterjans give a comprehensive summary of the use of nitrogen-15 NMR in studies of systems of biological interest. Phosphorus-3I NMR investigations of enzyme systems are described by Rao. Tsai and Bruzik outline the principles of and summarize the state-of-the-art advances in the 18 use of oxygen isotopes e 70 and 0) in phosphorus-3I and oxygen-17 NMR studies of biophosphates. Lipid-protein interactions as reflected in ESR and NMR data are discussed by Devaux. We wish to thank the authors for their cooperation in maintaining the and continued high standards of the series.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) sponsored its second annual conference on nutrition and cancer. The theme was 'Exercise, Calories, Fat, and Cancer' and the conference was held September 4-5, 1991 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Pentagon City, Virginia. This proceedings volume contains chapters from the platform presentations and abstracts from each poster presentation. Relationships among physical activity, calorie consumption, energy expenditure, dietary fat, and cancer are described in the context of epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro studies. Dietary recommendations to lower cancer risk are based on expanding evidence relating nutrition and cancer. Identification of the precise dietary contribution to disease is complicated by the concurrent genetic and environmental contributions, in addition to the inherent difficulties in gathering and interpreting epidemiologic data. Individual variations in cancer risk are the result of differences in genetic and environmental factors including sources and amounts of calories consumed, metabolism, and energy expenditure. Human and animal studies describing independent and combined influences of exercise, calorie restriction, and dietary fat on carcinogenesis are reported in this volume.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This long-awaited second edition has been thoroughly updated and revised by Dr. Michael Salcman with the assistance of Edward R. Laws, MD, Roberto Heros, MD, and Volker Sonntag, MD, yet still preserves the user-friendly aspects of the original book: brevity and ease of practical application in the operating room environment.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - All the papers in this volume were presented at a conference on Transportation and Urban Life, held in Munich during the third week of September, 1975. The conference was sponsored by the Special Programme Panels on Systems Science and Human Factors of the Science Committee of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The distinguishing characteristic of the conference and of this volume lies in the combination of systems science and human factors contributions in the field of urban transportation. The initiative for attempting such a synthesis came from the sponsors. It is increasingly realised that the complexity of contemporary problems which applied scientists are being asked to solve is such that the coordinated efforts of several disciplines are needed to solve them. The brief which we formulated for the conference and distribu ted in our international call for papers was as follows: 'The conference is intended to highlight significant psycho logical, SOCiological and economic aspects of transportation and urban life and to present new techniques which can be applied to these aspects and their interfaces'. Papers were invited in four topic areas: Communities (transportation problems in relation to social needs, residential planning, industry and c0l1lITlerce) ; Cities and large urban areas (the econOlnic environment, material fl~l, resources); Regional development and transportation (administration and management at the project and multiprogramme level); and Quality of life and transportation (noise, visual intrusion, severance, air pollution).

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Microcloning of Microdissected Chromosome Fragments.- Transient Expression of Cloned Genes in Mammalian Cells.- Transposable Elements in Archaebacteria.- The Application of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism to Plant Breeding.- Antibodies Agains Synthetic Peptides.- Wheat -Amylase Genes: Cloning of a Developmentally Regulated Gene Family.- Yeast DNA Replication.- Chromosome Engineering in Wheat Breeding and Its Implications for Molecular Genetic Engineering.- Bovine Papillomavirus Shuttle Vectors.- Chemical Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides: A Simplified Procedure.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Evolutionary Biology, of which this is the eighteenth volume, con tinues to offer its readers a wide range of original articles, reviews, and commentaries on evolution, in the bro~dest sense of that term. The topics of the reviews range from anthropology and behavior to molecular biology and systematics. In recent volumes, a broad spectrum of articles have appeared on such subjects as natural selection among replicating molecules in vitro, mate recognition and the reproductive behavior of Drosophila, molecular systematics ofCrocodilia, evolution of the monocotyledons, and the com munication network made possible among even distantly related genera of bacteria by plasmids and other transposable elements. Articles such as these, often too long for standard journals , are the stuff of Evolutionary Biology. The editors continue to solicit manuscripts on an international scale in an effort to see that everyone of the many facets of biological evolution is covered. Manuscripts should be sent to anyone of the following: Max K. Hecht, Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; Bruce Wallace, Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacks burg, Virginia 24061; Ghillian T. Prance, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Genomic Footprinting.- Theoretical and Computer Analysis of Protein Primary Sequences: Structure Comparison and Prediction.- Affinity Chromatography of Sequence-Specific DNA-Binding Proteins.- Applications of the Firefly Luciferase as a Reporter Gene.- Fluorescence-Based Automated DNA Sequence Analysis.- Phosphorothioate-Based Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis.- Design and Use of Agrobacterium Transformation Vectors.- Cell Commitment and Determination in Plants.- Plasmids Derived from Epstein-Barr Virus: Mechanisms of Plasmid Maintenance and Applications in Molecular Biology.- Chromosome Jumping: A Long Range Cloning Technique.- Isolation of Intact mRNA and Construction of Full-Length cDNA Libraries: Use of a New Vector, gt22, and Primer-Adapters for Directional cDNA Cloning.- The Use of Transgenic Animal Techniques for Livestock Improvement.- Plant Reporter Genes: The Gus Gene Fusion System.- Structure of the Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Blood Clotting.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Teratology is at once among the oldest and youngest of human preoccupations. Coincident with man's first observations of the stars were his recordings of human and animal deformities. But, such aberrancies must have occurred even earlier, for although it is one of those things-like evolution-that cannot be proven, it is nevertheless indisputable that dysmorphogenesis must have occurred from the time complex forms of life first arose on our planet; and that from the beginnings of human awareness our species was conscious of such happenings. From the earliest recordings of this fascination with the form and meaning of abnormality a tortuous but continuous line extends to modern struggles to understand and control these manifestations. And now, after long occupying an honorable but peripheral place in the halls of philosophical and scientific pursuits, teratology has quite suddenly come to take a prominent position at the hub of a complex crossroads of human concerns. This shift in its fortune has taken several forms. Fetal maldevelopment has become the concern of environmentalists, activists of various persuasions, indus trial organizations, government agencies, ethicists, parents-i. e. , individuals and groups whose actions are impelled by apprehension. Such motives are of course not without basis; the trauma of thalidomide left a scar yet raw. For still others clinicians, academics, experimentalists-the upsurge in the interest in fetal mal development is at a different level, and their pursuits are broad, taking external agents as but one of the causes of defective development.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Fifteen volumes and one supplement have now appeared in the series known as Evolutionary Biology. The editors continue to seek critical reviews, original papers, and commentaries on controversial topics. It is our aim to publish papers primarily of greater length and depth than those normally published by society journals and quarterlies. The editors make every attempt to solicit manuscripts on an international scale and to see that no facet of evolutionary biology-classical or modern-is slighted. Manuscripts should be sent to anyone of the following: Max K. Hecht, Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367; Bruce Wallace, Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061; Ghillean T. Prance, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458. The Editors vII Contents 1. Patterns of Neotropical Plant Species Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Alwyn H. Gentry Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Sites and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Sample Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Identifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Structural Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Community Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Floristic Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Dispersal Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Pollination Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Appendix. Sites and Communities Studied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 2. Evolution on a Petri Dish: The Evolved fJ-Galactosidase System as a Model for Studying Acquisitive Evolution in the Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Barry G. Hall Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Approaches to Molecular Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 The Descriptive Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 The Experimental Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Mechanisms for the Acquisition of New Genetic Material. . . . . 97 The EBGSystem a s a Model for Acquisitive Evolution . . . . . . . 98 The Unevolved Enzyme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, SIld disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) \* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna and broader dissemination. tional publishing house to assure improved service Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 30 (thesis year 1985) a total of 12,400 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 186 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Much of the information currently available on the transport systems of bacterial and animal cell membranes and their mode of coupling to metabolic supply of energy can be found in this volume. Consideration of the participating enzymes dictated the choice of topics: Several transport systems where little information is available on the enzymology of the process are not included, while separate chapters deal with y-glutamyl transpeptidase and intestinal disaccharidases which meet many of the requirements of transport enzymes. The volume also includes two chapters on photosynthetic membranes as a general introduction to the topic. Other aspects of biological transport and photosynthesis will be developed in detail in a forthcoming volume now in preparation. These chapters reveal the excitement and rapid advance of the field, the daily reports of new concepts, new techniques, and new experimental findings which instantly interact to generate further progress. Our aim was to provide a starting point for those who are just beginning, and an opportunity for others to stop, take stock, and start in a new direction. My warmest thanks to all who contributed to this volume.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - To meet the needs of an ever-growing world population for food and fiber, agriculture uses an arsenal of chemicals to control insects, weeds and other pests that compete with man in the agricultural arena. In addition to their intended effect, many of these biologically active materials affect non-target organisms including man himself. There is concern about the resulting occupational exposure of those who work in agriculture and the environmental health of those who live in rural areas. Unintended side effects from the use of agricultural chemicals are further complicated by the dispersal of these substances well beyond the area of immediate use, through food chains, atmospheric transport, irrigation runoff, percolation to and diffusion through ground water, sometimes giving rise to public health and environmental problems at a distance from the place of application. In addition to toxic substances introduced into the agro ecosystem by man, one must be concerned about naturally occurring agents including mfcotoxins, plant poisons, infective biological agents and the levels of certain heavy metals. The formation of toxic substances, many of them mutagenic, during cooking and other processing of food is a related problem. While acute effects are more immediate and somewhat readily discerned, chronic and genetic effects tend to be more obscure and sometimes surface in a crisis situation long after substantial damage has been sustained. Genotoxicity assays and epidemiological studies play increasing roles in predicting and evaluating long term effects of low-level exposure to toxic materials.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - On the understanding that few people ever read the preface to any book and also on the understanding that even those few people who do read the preface realize that virtually nothing of any substance is ever said, I shall write at such length as will be proportional to my expected readership. The meetings of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue provide a forum for discussion amongst scientists who, although being from very diverse and specialized backgrounds, have tissue oxygenation as a unifying theme of interest. The wide variety of research material presented in this volume and the multiplicity of the experimental techniques described, should serve as an adequate gauge to the range of expertise and knowledge of the society's members. Such diversity should also stress the importance of the need for multidisciplinary approaches to complex biological problems. In attempting a fundamental characterization of a biological process such as tissue oxygenation, the application of very many separate research skills are necessary, such as mathematics, engi neering, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology, histology and clini cal medicine. The success of the ISOTT has - and we hope - will con tinue to be causing a combination of individuals to direct their specialized knowledge to the many facets of a single proces- tissue oxygenation.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The Fifth International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-legumes was held in Florence (Italy) on 10-14 September, 1990. Earlier Symposia of this series were held in Piracicaba (Brazil), Banf Alberta (Canada), Helsinki (Finland) and Rio De Janeiro (Brazil). The Symposium's main objectives were to bring together scientists working in many different fields of nitrogen fixation, to stimulate discussion on this important process and to have an appraisal of the most recent studies concerning nitrogen fixation with non-legumes. The Symposium was attended by 230 scientists from 32 different countries. This volume collects the contributions of 65 lectures and 87 posters, which are an up-to-date account of the state of knowledge on biological nitrogen fixation with non-legumes. The book provides a valuable reference source not only for specialists in nitrogen fixation, but also for researchers working on related aspects of agronomy, biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology and plant physiology. It is with great pleasure that we aknowledge the contributions of the authors in assuring the prompt pubblication of this volume. We would also like to express our thanks to Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V. for the publication of these Proceedings. M. Polsinelli R. Materassi M. Vincenzini ORGANIZING COMMITTEE President M. Polsinelli M. Vincenzini Secretary F. Favilli Treasurer E. Galli E. Gallori L. Giovannetti R. Materassi M.P. Nuti M.R. Tredici SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE M. Bazzicalupo Florence, Italy H. Bothe Cologne, West Germany R.H. Burris Madison, U.S.A.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Kosik writes that the history of a text is in a certain sense the history of its interpretations. In the fifteen years that have passed since the first (Czech) edition of his Dialectics of the Concrete, this book has been widely read and interpreted throughout Europe, in diverse centers of scholarship as well as in private studies. A faithful English language edition is long overdue. This publication of KosIk's work will surely provoke a range of new interpretations. For its theme is the characterization of science and of rationality in the context of the social roots of science and the social critique which an appropriately rational science should afford. Kosik's question is: How shall Karl Marx's understanding of science itself be understood And how can it be further developed In his treatment of the question of scientific rationality, KOSIK drives bluntly into the issues of gravest human concern, not the least of which is how to avoid the pseudo-concrete, the pseudo-scientific, the pseudo-rational, the pseudo historical. Starting with Marx's methodological approach, of 'ascending from the abstract to the concrete', KOSIK develops a critique of positivism, of phenomenalist empiricism, and of 'metaphysical' rationalism, counter posing them to 'dialectical rationalism'. He takes the category of the concrete in the dialectical sense of that which comes to be known by the active transformation of nature and society by human purposive activity.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Scoring Performance Assessments Based on Judgements focuses on the applications of Generalizability Theory to Performance Assessment. The author developed an objective method to examine the dependability of the scoring of large-scale performance assessments by humans. This book presents principles in identifying common missing data patterns inherent in assessment designs. These principles can be used to guide the design of assessment procedures including those used in large-scale testing programs, observations, and structured interviews.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book is about compressing data to make digital systems work more effi ciently. According to the dictionary, when something is compressed, it is con densed, squeezed, constricted, or pressed together to fit into less space. Air is compressed for a variety of useful purposes. Businesses are downsized to make them more efficient. We pack our daily schedules tighter and tighter to accomplish more. Who has not crushed an empty soda can for recycling Many different things can be compressed, including the data in computers, communications links, consumer-electronics gear, and all sizes and shapes of digital systems. Are you curious about how data compression squeezes the 'air' out of digital bits Would you like to know where it is used and, increasingly, why the marketplace demands it be used Would you like to learn the right way to build data compres sion into your products Then, this book is for you. This exciting technology and its importance for current and future digital systems are explained in easy to understand terms. No previous knowledge of data compression is required because the necessary technical background is carefully developed. Neither is an extensive understanding of mathematics be cause there are few equations and important ideas are graphically illustrated. If you read any of the popular or professional monthly magazines that cover the latest advances in digital systems, your background is adequate. If you understand this preface, you are ready to tackle this book. 432 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -1 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Prostaglandins.- I. Introduction.- II. Mass Spectrometry Systems for Prostaglandin Analysis.- III. Methods of Extraction and Chromatography.- IV. Biological Applications.- V. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 2 Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Metabolism as Measured by Radioimmunoassay.- I. Introduction.- II. Serological Specificities of the Prostaglandin Immune Systems.- III. Prostaglandin Synthetase.- IV. Prostaglandin E 9-Ketoreductases.- V. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases.- VI. Prostaglandin 13-Reductase.- VII. PGE Dehydrase, PGA Isomerase, and PGC Isomerase.- VIII. Regulation of PGE and PGF Levels.- IX. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 3 The Endocrine System: Interaction of Prostaglandins with Adenylyl Cyclase-Cyclic AMP Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. Thyroid.- III. Pituitary.- IV. Pancreas.- V. Adrenal.- VI. Ovaries.- VII. References.- 4 Induction of Labor with Prostaglandins.- I. Historical Background.- II. Induction of Labor with Intravenous Prostaglandins.- III. Other Routes of Administration.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References.- 5 Cardiovascular Responses to the Prostaglandin Precursors.- I. Introduction.- II. Blood Pressure.- III. Cardiac Effects.- IV. Renal Circulation.- V. Pulmonary Circulation.- VI. Other Regional Circulations.- VII. Platelets 141 VIII Summary.- IX. References.- 6 Role of Prostaglandins in Fever and Temperature Regulation.- I. Introduction.- A. Temperature Regulation B. Fever 148.- II. Role of PGs in Fever.- III. PG Synthesis in Brain during Fever.- IV. Difficulties with the PG Hypothesis.- V. PGs in Normal Temperature Regulation.- VI. Summary of the Existing Evidence.- VII. Addendum.- VIII. References.- 7 Prostaglandins and the Lung.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Content andSynthesis in the Lung.- III. Catabolism and Uptake of Prostaglandins in the Lung.- IV. Release of Prostaglandins from the Lung.- V. Bronchopulmonary Effects of Prostaglandins.- VII. Summary and Conclusions.- VIII. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 8 Prostaglandins and the Digestive System.- I. Introduction.- II. Salivary Glands.- III. Esophagus.- IV. Stomach.- VI. Bile and Pancreatic Secretion.- VII. Cytoprotection by Prostaglandins.- VIII. References.- 9 Prostaglandins and Renal Function, or 'A Trip down the Rabbit Hole'.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Synthesis and Metabolism.- III. Role of Prostaglandins in the Control of Renal Blood Flow.- IV. Role of Prostaglandins in Salt and Water Homeostasis.- V. Conclusion.- VI. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 10 Prostaglandins and Cancer.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Synthesis by Tumors and Its Effects on Tumor Cell Replication.- III. Prostaglandins, Bone Resorption, and Hypercalcemia.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References. 376 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -by Ronald G. Corwin What do the following have in common: regulatory agencies, magnet schools, a declining empire, puritan asceticism, plea bargaining, the recent tax revolt in California, the Boston Tea Party, the Vietnam War, public drinking halls during Prohibi tion, police entrapment, and Yosemite National Park on Labor Day weekend If the answer is not readily apparent, read this engaging book. Dr. Sam Sieber makes a convincing case that harbored in a potpourri of such events are countless instances of how well-intentioned social interventions often produce harmful effects. Searching for a general framework that will force us to think of heretofore discrete events in new ways, he has chosen to use the term 'intervention' in its broadest sense. His approach is a superb example of how serious schol arship can produce a new creative synthesis from familiar knowledge when the scholar is guided by a lively curiosity. The wide-ranging subject matter of this book provides a re freshing vision of social reform movements and programs. I think that Sieber has succeeded in doing what he set out to do: namely, to develop a general and inclusive typology for cl- ix x RONALD G. CORWIN sifying and interpreting the perverse effects of all kinds of social interventions. This is not merely another treatise on the 'unintended effects' of purposeful action, however. As Dr. 256 pp. Englisch.