springer netherlands springer netherlands apr 1979 (5 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Very few people have contributed as much to twentieth-century physics as Julian Schwinger. It is therefore appropriate to offer a retrospective of his work on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday (February 12, 1978). We hope, in offering this selection of his papers, to bring to light ideas and results that may have been partly overlooked at the time of the original publication. Schwinger has published prodigiously on a great variety of subjects, as is evident from the comprehensive list of publications arranged in chronological order which appears on p. xiii. Needless to say, only a small subset could be included in the present modest volume. In the selection, great weight was assigned to papers that seem to be less widely known or appreciated than they deserve. Many important papers are therefore omitted. (Examples: Paper [64] 'On Gauge Invariance and Vacuum Polarization' and Paper [69] 'On Angular Momentum', both of which have been reprinted elsewhere. ) The collection is a personal one, having been chosen by Schwinger himself, and is therefore of particular interest. It would probably not be interesting to offer an analysis, by the editors, of Schwinger's contributions to physics. However, we are very pleased to be able to include Schwinger's own informal and very personal comments about each article that appears in this volume. These comments indicate his reasons for choosing these particular articles and, in many cases, provide a capsule synopsis of what he considers most valuable.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 444 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book is intended as a practical manual for chemists, biologists and others whose work requires the use of pH or metal-ion buffers. Much information on buffers is scattered throughout the literature and it has been our endeavour to select data and instructions likely to be helpful in the choice of suitable buffer substances and for the preparation of appropriate solutions. For details of pH measurement and the preparation of standard acid and alkali solutions the reader is referred to a companion volume, A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant's The Determination of Ionization Constants (1971). Although the aims of the book are essentially practical, it also deals in some detail with those theoretical aspects considered most helpful to an understanding of buffer applications. We have cast our net widely to include pH buffers for particular purposes and for measurements in non-aqueous and mixed solvent systems. In recent years there has been a significant expansion in the range of available buffers, particularly for biological studies, largely in conse quence of the development of many zwiUerionic buffers by Good et al. (1966). These are described in Chapter 3.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 188 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The book brings together research communities from different disciplines and countries, and offers an exchange about theoretical frameworks and practical experiences to guide research and policy 'towards environmental innovation systems'. The contributions selected explore new directions of research at the borderline between two established research traditions: systems of innovation and environmental innovations. For this purpose, the book draws on recent conceptual and empirical insights as well as on policy-oriented analyses. It is structured according to the four main areas of interest with respect to environmental innovation systems: conceptual foundations, empirical experiences, strategic approaches, and experiences with policy instruments.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 334 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -For Louis Pasteur, the two distinctive properties of dissymmetric systems, optical activity and chiral discrimination, provided prime evidence for a Divine origin to the universe. Handedness appeared to be built into the macrocosm of the galaxies, each with a non-superposable mirror image by virtue of its rotation, as well as the microcosm of each molecule of most natural products. The best that the chemist in the laboratory could accomplish appeared to be the synthesis of the detordu internally-compensated meso-form and, as Pasteur ultimately came to admit, the externally-compensated racemic form. In the latter case the chemist generated not merely one but two chiral structures, although parity, and secondary symmetry generally, seemed to be conserved in the enantiomer antipode pair. The cosmic element in the Pasteur tradition received an augmentation in secular form from demonstrations of the non conservation of parity in the weak interactions, and from the discovery of net circularity in the extra-terrestrial photons, such as those from the less-distant planets, particularly the photons from the Jupiter red-spot. The development of the photoacoustic circular analysers a decade ago was received in fact with as much enthusiasm by the astronomers as by the chemists. It would be just to add, however, that the majority of these circular analysers are now to be found, not in the observatories, but in the physical and chemistry laboratories devoted to the molecular aspects of the Pasteur tradition.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 388 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -of Ontology II.- 1. System.- 1. Basic Concepts.- 1.1. Aggregate and System.- 1.2. Concrete System: Definition.- 1.3. More of the Same.- 1.4. Subsystem.- 1.5. Level.- 1.6. Systems Association.- 1.7. Other Kinds of System: Property and Functional.- 1.8. Concluding Remarks.- 2. System Representations.- 2.1. Coupling Graphs and Matrices.- 2.2. The State Space Representation.- 3. Basic Assumptions.- 3.1. Structural Matters.- 3.2. Assembly and Emergence.- 3.3. Selection.- 3.4. Evolution.- 4. Systemicity.- 4.1. Integration, Cohesion, Coordination.- 4.2. Holism, Atomism, Systemism.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 2. Chemism.- 1. Chemical System.- 1.1. Atom.- 1.2. Molecule.- 1.3. Chemical System.- 1.4. Chemical Reaction.- 1.5. Chemical Control.- 2. Biochemical System.- 2.1. Biomolecule.- 2.2. DNA Replication, and RNA and Protein Synthesis.- 2.3. Biochemical System.- 2.4. Concluding Remarks.- 3. Life.- 1. From Chemism to Life.- 1.1. Self-Organization of Biochemical Systems.- 1.2. Definition of a Biosystem.- 1.3. Cell and Organism, Biospecies and Biopopulation.- 1.4. Biolevel.- 1.5. Concluding Remarks.- 2. Biofunction.- 2.1. Health and Death.- 2.2. Function and Value.- 2.3. Biocontrol.- 2.4. Development.- 2.5. Reproduction and Heredity.- 2.6. Development, Heredity, and the Metaphysical Tradition.- 3. Evolution.- 3.1. Adaptation.- 3.2. Adaptation Mechanism.- 3.3. Evolution and Coevolution: Basic Ideas.- 3.4. A Schema of the Evolutionary Process.- 3.5. The Underlying Mechanism.- 3.6. Bioprogress.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- 4. Mind.- 1. Central Nervous System.- 1.1. Philosophical Background.- 1.2. Neural Units.- 1.3. Initial Definitions.- 1.4. Basic Assumptions.- 2. Brain States.- 2.1. Brain Functions.- 2.2. Mental States and Processes.- 2.3. Psychosomatic Interaction.- 2.4. Location of the Mind.- 2.5. Mentalist Predicates.- 3. Sensation to Valuation.- 3.1. Sensing and Perceiving.- 3.2. Mapping Body and Environment.- 3.3. Behavior: Definitions and Principles.- 4. Recall to Knowledge.- 4.1. Memory and Learning.- 4.2. Expectation and Purpose.- 4.3. Thinking.- 4.4. Cognition and Decision.- 4.5. Creativity.- 5. Self to Society.- 5.1. Awareness, Consciousness, Will.- 5.2. Person and Self.- 5.3. Social Behavior.- 5.4. The Root of Social Cohesion.- 5.5. Communication.- 5.6. Protoeconomy, Protoculture, Protopolity.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 5. Society.- 1. Human Society.- 1.1. Definitions.- 1.2. Subsystem, Supersystem. Specific Function.- 1.3. Institution.- 2. Social Subsystems and Supersystems.- 2.1. Work.- 2.2. Labor.- 2.3. Cultural and Managerial Work.- 2.4. The Main Subsystems of a Human Society.- 2.5. The Supersystems: Nation and World.- 3. Economy, Culture, and Polity.- 3.1. The Economic System.- 3.2. The Cultural System.- 3.3. The Political System.- 4. Social Structure.- 4.1. Root Social Relations.- 4.2. Social Structure.- 4.3. Differentiation and Cohesion.- 4.4. Social Relations and Structures: Real .- 5. Social Change.- 5.1. The Social Structure Approach.- 5.2. History.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- 6. A Systemic World View.- 6.1. A World of Systems.- 6.2. System Genera.- 6.3. Novelty Sources.- 6.4. Emergence.- 6.5. Systemism Supersedes Atomism and Holism.- 6.6. Synopsis.- Appendix A. System models.- 1. Input-Output Models.- 1.1. The Black Box.- 1.2. Connecting Black Boxes.- 1.3. Control System.- 1.4. Stability and Breakdown.- 2. Grey Box Models.- 2.1. Generalities.- 2.2. Deterministic Automata.- 2.3. Probabilistic Automata.- 2.4. Information Systems.- Appendix B. Change models.- 1 Kinematical Models.- 1.1. Global Kinematics.- 1.2. Analytical Kinematics.- 1.3. Balance Equations.- 1.4. Lagrangian Framework.- 1.5. Kinematical Analogy.- 2. Dynamical Models.- 2.1. Generalities.- 2.2. Formalities.- 2.3. The Pervasiveness of Cooperation and Competition.- 2.4. The Dynamics of Competitive-Cooperative Processes.- 3. Qualitative Change Models.- 3.1. Kinematical: Birth and Death Operators.- 3.2. Dynamical: Random Hits.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.S.