springer jan 2005 (37 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The change-point problem has attracted many statistical researchers and practitioners during the last few decades. Here, we only concentrate on the sequential change-point problem. Starting from the Shewhart chart with app- cations to quality control [see Shewhart (1931)], several monitoring procedures have been developed for a quick detection of change. The three most studied monitoring procedures are the CUSUM procedure [Page (1954)], the EWMA procedure [Roberts (1959)] and the Shiryayev Roberts procedure [Shiryayev (1963) and Roberts (1966)]. Extensive studies have been conducted on the p- formancesofthesemonitoringproceduresandcomparisonsintermsofthedelay detection time. Lai (1995) made a review on the state of the art on these charts and proposed several possible generalizations in order to detect a change in the case of the unknown post-change parameter case. In particular, a wind- limited version of the generalized likelihood ratio testing procedure studied by Siegmund and Venkatraman (1993) is proposed for a more practical treatment even when the observations are correlated. In this work, our main emphasis is on the inference problem for the chan- point and the post-change parameters after a signal of change is made. More speci cally, due to its convenient form and statistical properties, most d- cussions are concentrated on the CUSUM procedure. Our goal is to provide some quantitative evaluations on the statistical properties of estimators for the change-point and the post-change parameters.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A problem of broad interest - the estimation of the spectral gap for matrices or differential operators (Markov chains or diffusions) - is covered in this book. In particular, it studies a subset of the general problem, taking some approaches that have, up till now, only appeared largely in the Chinese literature. Eigenvalues, Inequalities and Ergodic Theory serves as an introduction to this developing field, and provides an overview of the methods used in an accessible and concise manner. Each chapter starts with a summary and, in order to appeal to non-specialists, ideas are introduced through simple examples rather than technical proofs. In the latter chapters readers are introduced to problems and application areas, including stochastic models of economy. Intended for researchers, graduates and postgraduates in probability theory, Markov processes, mathematical physics and spectrum theory, this book will be a welcome introduction to a growing area of research.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A complete overview of the geometry associated with computer graphics that provides everything a reader needs to understand the topic.Includes a summary hundreds of formulae used to solve 2D and 3D geometric problems; worked examples; proofs; mathematical strategies for solving geometric problems; a glossary of terms used in geometry.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - An Annotated Timeline of Operations Research: An Informal History recounts the evolution of Operations Research (OR) as a new science - the science of decision making. Arising from the urgent operational issues of World War II, the philosophy and methodology of OR has permeated the resolution of decision problems in business, industry, and government. The Timeline chronicles the history of OR in the form of self-contained, expository entries. Each entry presents a concise explanation of the events and people under discussion, and provides key sources where further relevant information can be obtained. In addition, books and papers that have influenced the development of OR or helped to educate the first generations of OR academics and practitioners are cited throughout the book. Starting in 1564 with seminal ideas that form the precursors of OR, the Timeline traces the key ideas and events of OR through 2004. The Timeline should interest anyone involved in OR -researchers, practitioners, academics, and, especially, students - who wish to learn how OR came into being. Further, the scope and expository style of the Timeline should make it of value to the general reader interested in the development of science and technology in the last half of the twentieth century.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The value of ultrasound contrast agents (USCA) in everyday clinical practice depends on the pharmacokinetics, the signal processing, and the contrast-specific imaging modalities.Second-generation USCA, are blood pool agents that do not leak into the organ tissue to be examined but remain in the intravascular compartment increasing the Doppler signal amplitude during their dynamic vascular phase. Taking advantage of the stability of their microbubbles, they can withstand the acoustic pressure of insonation much better than first-generation contrast media, which results in an increased half-life of the agent and, consequently, in a prolonged diagnostic window. Concomitant with the improvement of contrast agents, different contrast-specific imaging modalities have been developed which, used in combination with USCA and a low mechanical index, allow continuous real-time grey-scale imaging. These recent technical improvements have opened new possibilities in the use of USCA in a variety of indications. Written by internationally renowned experts, the contributions gathered in this book give an overview of current and possible future new applications of USCA in routine and clinical practice.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book examines the various competing interpretations of Kant's foundational Perpetual Peace since its initial publication in the late eighteenth-century. According to Easley's analysis, there are two patterns of interpretations: 1) the text endorses peace proposals above the state level, 2) the text is in favour of peace proposals at the state level. The principal explanation for these two patterns resides in the rise and fall of hopes for peace through international organizations. It can also be attributed to the rise in the number of liberal states over time. Eric Easley provides a comprehensive historical background and analytical framework for understanding Perpetual Peace, allowing scholars of international relations to better understand and appreciate its complex meaning and see beyond the conventionally accepted interpretations of the day.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - It has long been recognized that advances in science contribute to economic growth. While it is one thing to argue that such a relationship exists, it is quite another to establish the extent to which knowledge spills over within and between sectors of the economy. Such a research agenda faces numerous challenges. Not only must one seek measures of inputs, but a measure of output is needed as well to estimate the knowledge production function. The identification of such a measure was a compelling goal for Zvi Griliches, if not the holy grail: 'The dream of getting hold of an output indicator of inventive activity is one of the strong motivating forces for economic research in this area.' (Griliches 1990, p. 1669). Jaffe (1989) made a significant contribution to estimating the knowledge production function when he established a relationship between patent activity and R&D activity at the state level. Feldman and coauthors (1994a, 1994b) added considerably to this line of research, focusing on innovation counts as the dependent variable instead of patent counts. This work was particularly important given that many innovations are never patented. Feldman's work also differentiated by firm size and showed that knowledge spillovers from universities play a key role as sources of knowledge for small firms.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A sine qua non of control system development for modern sewer networks is the preservation of the water system around a network's outflow(s). Several approaches have been proposed for the optimisation of sewage control and Optimal Real-time Control of Sewer Networks provides a comparative synthesis of a central sewer network flow control based on two of these: nonlinear-optimal and multivariable-feedback control.Testing and comparison of these protocols are made on the basis of their control results for the large-scale sewer network located around the river Obere Iller in Bavaria. The control strategies implemented within this network are based on this study.From the selection of possible methods of control and moving to the implementation of those methods in a real sewer system, this monograph will be invaluable to control and civil engineers working in sewage flow and wastewater treatment and of interest to academics wishing to see how their ideas on optimal control work out when practically applied.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Allelopathy is a fascinating and perplexing topic that concerns the chemical interactions of plants. It has profound implications in agriculture and forestry where species are grown artificially in mixture, with no evolutionary history of co-existence. The topic of allelopathy is widely credited as commencing in 1937, when the term 'allelopathy' was coined by Molisch. However, the concept of allelopathy has been recorded since Greek and Roman times, became extremely controversial in the first half of the 19th century, and remains so today. This book concerns a virtually unknown treatise by Justus Ludewig von Uslar, published in 1844, which emerges as the first book entirely devoted to the concept of allelopathy. The book provides the historical background to allelopathic knowledge, from antiquity to c. 1840. It also provides for the first time a biography of Justus Ludewig von Uslar, who is best known as the first Consul-General for Hannover in Mexico, and Director of the Mexican Company, a British venture mining company. In many ways von Uslar epitomises the tradition of the gentleman scientist of the 19th century. The book then offers a full translation into English of von Uslar's rare treatise, which foreshadows many ideas current in allelopathic research.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This manual is intended for the practising chemist who has to do a job in analysing plant material. Therefore, the present manual only contains ready-to-hand procedures without any comment. The procedures described are only for inorganic components, which frequently occur in the plant. Most procedures are designed to give a total content value of the element under consideration, regardless of the chemical structure in which it occurs in the plant. We have chosen for a design in which all digestion procedures are described in one chapter, all extraction procedures in one chapter and all determination procedures in one chapter. As a consequence, one has to choose a suitable digestion method in combination with the intended determination technique; this has been indicated within each individual determination procedure.For determination of the elements, mainly spectrometric techniques are used here. Depending on the kind of element and the expected concentration level, the following methods are applied: flame atomic emission spectrometry (flame AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (flame AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), electrothermal atomisation (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA-AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), spectrophotometry and segmented flow analysis (SFA). Besides, potentiometry (ion selective electrodes (ISE)) and coulometry will be encountered. In many cases, more than one method is described to determine a component. This provides a reference, as well as an alternative in case of instrumental or analytical problems.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - At the start of every school day, it s not an unfamiliar sight to see younger children bounding toward school, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, ready to seize the day. In contrast, adolescents sometimes seem to sleepwalk toward their middle and high schools, often bleary-eyed, cantankerous, and less than enthusiastic to get down to work. Why the difference Recent developmental research has demonstrated a relationship between sleep/wake patterns and different kinds of problem behaviors, including social adjustment problems, family coercion, and disaffection from school. Adolescents who prefer staying up later in the evening and arising late in the morning (i.e., eveningness) have often been considered at greater risk of suffering from such problem behaviors as delinquency and negative relationships with parents and teachers. Those who tend to go to bed and arise earlier (i.e., morningness) have long been associated with more positive outcomes. In the majority of previous research, however, these concepts have never been adequately tested.In Sync with Adolescence: The Role of Morningness-Eveningness in Development examines the possible effects of adolescent preferences on problem behavior in different contexts. This volume presents a new way of looking at morningness-eveningness in relation to adolescent development in general and on problem behavior in particular. The study has produced results, the implications of which necessitate a reinterpretation of the current thinking about morningness-eveningness and adolescent adjustment.This volume should be of particular interest to developmental psychologists and researchers who are interested in examining the role of biological factors in psychological processes as well as to sleep researchers who are interested in both the clinical and behavioral aspects. In addition, it is a valuable resource for clinical child and school psychologists, medical staff, teachers, and anyone who works with adolescents.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Introduces the theory of multi-port signals and systems with a focus on vector-valued signal transmissionProvides an introduction to the fundamentals, implementation and applications of MIMO techniquesAn excellent guide for advanced students, practicing engineers and researchers working on multi-port electrical circuits, RF networks and wireless communications.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book seeks to address the question of how the task of teaching mathematics to young children might be better understood. But rather than starting out with a conception of mathematics derived from the many histories mathematics might claim as its own we centre the analysis instead within the social practices that surround the teaching of the subject to children aged four to eleven in English primary schools today. That is, we do not commence with an a priori conception of mathematics and see what people are saying about it. Rather, we start from what people are saying and see where this points. We probe how the desires of society have manifested themselves in a societal decision to teach mathematics and how this decision now shapes that which is called 'mathematics'. We focus on the operation of the noun 'mathematics' and verb 'mathematical' and consider how the meanings of these terms derive from the social domain in which they are being used. This extends and develops a conception of how language intervenes in the task of mathematics education presented elsewhere (Brown, 2001). In this present book however, we have a particular focus on trainee and newly qualified teachers, with a view to pinpointing how this conception of mathematics manifests itself in their evolving practices. We question how such teachers with many years of experience as a pupil in school might now re-orient themselves towards the demands of teaching mathematics in schools.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Children born during the post-WWII era of peace and prosperity entered history at a time dominated by I-Like-Ike politics and domestic security. As they approached adolescence, however, their world was shaken by major cultural, economic, social, and political upheaval. And although it was time of great innovation and progress, a sense of chaos and bitterness began to envelop the country. It was the '60s. For many Americans, a mere mention of this decade evokes an extraordinary time and place in the country's - and their own - history.Adolescents who had been enjoying the technological and medical advances of the era - television, drive-in movies, rock-and-roll, vaccinations that prevented once-incurable diseases - now were also experiencing the fallout from the Civil Rights Movement, domestic terrorism, stagflation, and (perhaps most significant) the Vietnam War.From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Vietnam Era provides a unique, detailed, long-term study of the psychological and social worlds of male adolescents who were on the cusp of adulthood as the 1960s were ending. This longitudinal analysis follows adolescent boys who graduated with the class of 1969 and transitioned into adulthood either through military service, full-time employment, or college life. The results examine the different pathways these boys chose and the affect these choices had on their transition from adolescents to young adult men.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - At about the age of 13 I began to realise that my formal education was separating itself off from my philosophical education. Of course, at the time I did not know it in this way. I experienced it as a split between what I was being taught and my experience of what I was being taught. It was, I now know, the philosophical experience of formal schooling. It was not until beginning the study of sociology at 16 that I came across the idea of dualisms-pairs of opposites that always appeared together but were never reconciled. In sociology it was the dualism of the individual and society. The question most asked in our classes was always regarding which aspect of the dualism dominated the other. The answer we always leaned towards was that both were mutually affected by the other. The answer seemed to lie somewhere in the middle. It was only at university, first as an undergraduate and then as a postgraduate, that I came across the idea of the dialectic. Slowly I began to recognise that the dualisms which plagued social theory-I and we, self and other, good and evil, modernity and post-modernity, autonomy and heteronomy, freedom and nature, truth and relativism, and so many more-were not only dialectical in being thought about, but also that the thought of them being dialectical had an even stranger quality. It was the same experience as being at school.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This is a unique book related to the theory of functions of a-bounded type in the half-plane of the complex plane, which is constructed by application of the Liouville integro-differential operator. In addition, the book contains improvements of several results such as the Phragmen-Lindelof Principle and Nevanlinna Factorization in the Half-Plane, and offers a new, equivalent definition of the classical Hardy spaces in the half-plane.The last chapter of the book presents an application of the constructed theory as well as M.M.Djrbashian s theory of Nevanlinna type classes in the disc in the spectral theory of linear operators. This is a solution of a problem repeatedly stated by M.G.Krein and being of special interest for a long time.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - A Sea Change in a Changing Sea The oceans, seas and coastal areas encompass over 70% of the earth's surface. They are a critical driver of the earth's hydrologic cycle and climate system, important for c- merce, transport, and tourism, a source of economically important living marine resources, minerals such as hydrocarbons, as well as new pharmaceutical compounds. The marine environment provides essential habitats for thousands of marine living 1 2 resources, which in turn contribute significantly to global food security, employment, 3 and trade. Overall, the sea's contribution to human welfare, in terms of market and non-market resources and environmental services, has been estimated at US$21 trillion/year (Costanza, 2000). However, despite the importance of the ocean realm to humans, there is a growing sense that human impacts are destabilizing this system. Some experts believe that current fishing levels are approaching or exceeding the total 4 productivity of the ocean ecosystem (National Research Council, 1999).

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 'This book is a 'must read' for those interestedin the preventionofHIV transmission. It has enough breadth to provide ageneral overview of 'prevention with positives' and enough detail to satisfy and educate those already working in this area.Clinicians who want to develop or refine their approaches to counseling patients with HIV will find this book valuable.' (Gary Marks, PhD., New England Journal of Medicine, August 4, 2005) The CDC has made a revision in their philosophy underlying recommended prevention techniques to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. The new approach focuses on 'positive prevention', that is, prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS. This important distinction has resulted in the need to reexamine the behaviors around HIV transmission and the approaches to prevention when working within this diverse population. Positive Prevention is a timely volume containing the latest contributions from the top scholars in the field on preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Issues covered include unprotected sex with HIV-positive gay and bisexual men; issues around whether disclosure leads to safer sex; mental health and HIV with young adults; the impact of HIV diagnosis on sexual risk behaviors; interventions in community settings; and more. There is also a important chapter on international perspectives on 'positive prevention'. This volume will serve as an invaluable sourcebook for all professionals working in the field of HIV / AIDS prevention.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Probabilistic Conditional Independence Structures provides the mathematical description of probabilistic conditional independence structures; the author uses non-graphical methods of their description, and takes an algebraic approach. The monograph presents the methods of structural imsets and supermodular functions, and deals with independence implication and equivalence of structural imsets. Motivation, mathematical foundations and areas of application are included, and a rough overview of graphical methods is also given. In particular, the author has been careful to use suitable terminology, and presents the work so that it will be understood by both statisticians, and by researchers in artificial intelligence. The necessary elementary mathematical notions are recalled in an appendix.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Biological invasions are a global problem whose local impact can be of great magnitude. The prevention and minimization of the impact of invasive alien species has become a priority because of their negative impact on biodiversity, economy and public health. Effective responses are needed; cooperation and coordination among countries and/or different sectors of society are a must. To combine and share experiences on biological invasions at international, regional and local level it is essential to develop compatible approaches to common problems.With this aim, the GEI (Grupo Especies Invasoras) organised the First National Conference on Invasive Alien Species in Spain in 2003. Scientists coming from different parts of the Iberian Peninsula belonging to universities, public administration, NGOs and environmental enterprises and world-renowned experts on biological invasions from other countries responded to this 'call for action' and participated in the conference.Issues in Bioinvasion Science contains key contributions of this conference. The themes included cut across different aspects of non-native species invasions. This volume is essential reading for anyone seeking an understanding of non-native species invasions.Our aim: to go beyond national boundaries in order to tackle these complex biological issues.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The book introduces the key ideas behind practical nonlinear optimization. Computational finance - an increasingly popular area of mathematics degree programs - is combined here with the study of an important class of numerical techniques. The financial content of the book is designed to be relevant and interesting to specialists. However, this material - which occupies about one-third of the text - is also sufficiently accessible to allow the book to be used on optimization courses of a more general nature. The essentials of most currently popular algorithms are described, and their performance is demonstrated on a range of optimization problems arising in financial mathematics. Theoretical convergence properties of methods are stated, and formal proofs are provided in enough cases to be instructive rather than overwhelming. Practical behavior of methods is illustrated by computational examples and discussions of efficiency, accuracy and computational costs. Supporting software for the examples and exercises is available (but the text does not require the reader to use or understand these particular codes). The author has been active in optimization for over thirty years in algorithm development and application and in teaching and research supervision.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This volume focuses on the cultural aspects of learning and cognitive processes, examining the theory, methods, findings, and applications in this area. The chapter authors cover such topics as family context, peer interaction and formal education.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book presents design guidelines and implementation approaches for enterprise safety management system as integrated within enterprise integrated systems. It shows new model-based safety management where process design automation is integrated with enterprise business functions and components. It proposes new system engineering approach addressed to new generation chemical industry. It will help both the undergraduate and professional readers to build basic knowledge about issues and problems of designing practical enterprise safety management system, while presenting in clear way, the system and information engineering practices to design enterprise integrated solution.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This is a guide to imaging techniques for sedimentologists, paleolimnologists, paleoceanographers and microscopists involved in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Case studies illustrate the range of information obtainable from different sediments (marine, lacustrine, aeolian) and different types of samples (cores, embedded blocks, microscopic slides) using different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (visible, UV, IR, X-ray). Includes comprehensive protocols, guidelines, and recommendations for the use of low cost image analysis techniques.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Tabu Search (TS) and, more recently, Scatter Search (SS) have proved highly effective in solving a wide range of optimization problems, and have had a variety of applications in industry, science, and government. The goal of Metaheuristic Optimization via Memory and Evolution: Tabu Search and Scatter Search is to report original research on algorithms and applications of tabu search, scatter search or both, as well as variations and extensions having 'adaptive memory programming' as a primary focus. Individual chapters identify useful new implementations or new ways to integrate and apply the principles of TS and SS, or that prove new theoretical results, or describe the successful application of these methods to real world problems.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Simulation Approaches in Transportation Analysis: Recent Advances and Challenges presents the latest developments in transport simulation, including dynamic network simulation and micro-simulation of people's movement in an urban area. It offers a collection of the major simulation models that are now in use throughout the world; it illustrates each model in detail, examines potential problems, and points to directions for future development. The reader will be able to understand the functioning, applicability, and usefulness of advanced transport simulation models. The material in this book will be of wide use to graduate students and practitioners as well as researchers in the transportation engineering and planning fields.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book shows how colonial and postcolonial forces have worked to reconstruct the national identity of Morocco, and North Africa in general, on the basis of cultural representations and ideological constructions closely related to nationalist and ethno linguistic trends.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Provides a broad sample of current information processing applicationsIncludes examples of successful applications that will encourage practitioners to apply the techniques described in the book to real-life problems.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In spite of important advances in asymmetric synthesis, chiral compounds cannot all be obtained in a pure state by asymmetric synthesis. As a result, enantiomer separation remains an important technique for obtaining optically active materials. Although asymmetric synthesis is a once-only procedure, an enantiomer separation process can be repeated until the optically pure sample is obtained. This book discusses several new enantiomer separation methods using modern techniques developed by experts in the field. These methods consist mainly of the following three types: 1) Enantiomer separation by inclusion complexation with a chiral host compound 2) Enantiomer separation using biological methods 3) Enantiomer separation by HPLC chromatography using a column containing a chiral stationary phase. Separation of a racemic compound has been called 'optical resolution' or simply 'resolution'. Nowadays, the descriptions 'enantiomer resolution' or 'enantiomer separation' are also commonly used. Accordingly, 'Enantiomer Separation' is used in the title of this book. The editor and all chapter contributors hope that this book is helpful for scientists and engineers working in this field.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Archaeological theory has gone through a great upheaval in the last 50 years - from the processual theory, which wanted to make archaeology more 'scientific' to post-processual theory, which understands that interpreting human behavior (even of past cultures) is a subjective study. This subjective approach incorporates a plurality of readings, thereby implying that different interpretations are always possible, allowing us to modify and change our ideas under the light of new information and/or interpretive frameworks. In this way, interpretations form a continuous flow of transformation and change, and thus archaeologists do not uncover a real past but rather construct a historical past or a narrative of the past.Post-processual theory also incorporates a conscious and explicit political interest on the past of the scholar and the subject. This includes fields and topics such as gender issues, ethnicity, class, landscapes, and consumption. This reflects a conscious attempt to also decentralize the discipline, from an imperialist point of view to an empowering one. Method and theory also means being politically aware and engaged to incorporate diverse critical approaches to improve understanding of the past and the present.This book focuses on the fundamental theoretical issues found in the discipline and thus both engages and represents the very rich plurality of the post-processual approach to archaeology. The book is divided into four sections: Issues in Archaeological Theory, Archaeological Theory and Method in Action, Space and Power in Material Culture, and Images as Material Discourse.