springer berlin heidelberg springer berlin heidelberg nov 2011 (240 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -By definition, an indefinite inner product space is a real or complex vector space together with a symmetric (in the complex case: hermi tian) bilinear form prescribed on it so that the corresponding quadratic form assumes both positive and negative values. The most important special case arises when a Hilbert space is considered as an orthogonal direct sum of two subspaces, one equipped with the original inner prod uct, and the other with -1 times the original inner product. The subject first appeared thirty years ago in a paper of Dirac [1] on quantum field theory (d. also Pauli [lJ). Soon afterwards, Pontrja gin [1] gave the first mathematical treatment of an indefinite inner prod uct space. Pontrjagin was unaware of the investigations of Dirac and Pauli; on the other hand, he was inspired by a work of Sobolev [lJ, unpublished up to 1960, concerning a problem of mechanics. The attempts of Dirac and Pauli to apply the concept and elemen tary properties of indefinite inner product spaces to field theory have been renewed by several authors. At present it is not easy to judge which of their results will contribute to the final form of this part of physics. The following list of references should serve as a guide to the extensive literature: Bleuler [1], Gupta [lJ, Kallen and Pauli [lJ, Heisen berg [lJ-[4J, Bogoljubov, Medvedev and Polivanov [lJ, K.L.Nagy [lJ-[3], Berezin [lJ, Arons, Han and Sudarshan [1], Lee and Wick [1J.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 240 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -R. Baer: Complementation in finite gropus.- M. Lazard: Groupes, anneaux de Lie et problème de Burnside.- J. Tits: Sur les groupes algébriques afffines. Théorèmes fondamentaux de structure. Classification des groupes semisimples et géométries associées. 268 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th Conference of the Workgroup Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering of the Austrian Computer Society, USAB 2011, in Graz, Austria, in November 2011.The 18 revised full papers together with 29 revised short papers and 2 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 103 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on cognitive approaches to clinical data management for decision support, human-computer interaction and knowledge discovery in databases (hci-kdd), information usability and clinical workflows, education and patient empowerment, patient empowerment and health services, information visualization, knowledge & analytics, information usability and accessibility, governmental health services & clinical routine, information retrieval and knowledge discovery, decision making support & technology acceptance, information retrieval, privacy & clinical routine, usability and accessibility methodologies, information usability and knowledge discovery, human-centred computing, and biomedical informatics in health professional education.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 732 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Self-organization of systems belonging to quite different discipl ines has been a central topic of synergetics since its beginning. I am therefore particularly plea sed that Hans Ulrich and Gilbert Probst have not only undertaken to organize an interdisciplinary meeting on Self-Organization and Management of Social Systems, but have also edited these articles written by leading scientists after and based upon that symposium. While the previous volumes of the Springer Series in Synergetics were mainly de voted to physical, chemical and biological systems, with only the book by W. Weidlich and G. Haag deal i ng with 'Quant i tat i ve Soc i 01 ogy' (Spri nger Ser. Syn., Vo 1. 14), the present volume opens a new perspective. As the reader will notice, the multitude of facets of self-organization is well reflected by various authors belonging to different discipl ines and representing different schools of thought. When such a wide scope of fields - ranging from phy sics to sociology - is covered, it is not surprising that the existence of a 'hiatus' between sociology and the natural sciences was felt by some participants.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 172 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The algebra of square matrices of size n ~ 2 over the field of complex numbers is, evidently, the best-known example of a non-commutative alge 1 bra ¿ Subalgebras and subrings of this algebra (for example, the ring of n x n matrices with integral entries) arise naturally in many areas of mathemat ics. Historically however, the study of matrix algebras was preceded by the discovery of quatemions which, introduced in 1843 by Hamilton, found ap plications in the classical mechanics of the past century. Later it turned out that quaternion analysis had important applications in field theory. The al gebra of quaternions has become one of the classical mathematical objects; it is used, for instance, in algebra, geometry and topology. We will briefly focus on other examples of non-commutative rings and algebras which arise naturally in mathematics and in mathematical physics. The exterior algebra (or Grassmann algebra) is widely used in differential geometry - for example, in geometric theory of integration. Clifford algebras, which include exterior algebras as a special case, have applications in rep resentation theory and in algebraic topology. The Weyl algebra (Le. algebra of differential operators with polynomial coefficients) often appears in the representation theory of Lie algebras. In recent years modules over the Weyl algebra and sheaves of such modules became the foundation of the so-called microlocal analysis. The theory of operator algebras (Le.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 248 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the proceedings of the International Conference on Trusted Systems, held in Beijing, China, in December 2010.The 23 contributed papers presented together with nine invited talks from a workshop, titled 'Asian Lounge on Trust, Security and Privacy' were carefully selected from 66 submissions. The papers are organized in seven topical sections on implentation technology, security analysis, cryptographic aspects, mobile trusted systems, hardware security, attestation, and software protection.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 376 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Information theory and cybernetics have developed along somewhat different lines in Europe and in the U. S. A. This book is to be seen as a contribution towards bridging the gap. Anyone who seeks to apply information theory in the fields of education and psychology very soon comes up against a central diffi culty: in the form in which it was developed by Shannon information theory excludes the semantic aspect. This problem is fundamental for in education, as in psychology, the semantic aspect is the very heart of the matter. Thus, while Attneave, Miller and Quastler, among others, successfully employed the concepts and units of measurement of in formation theory in the interpretation of the findings of experimental psychology, they were obliged to restrict their work to its syntactic and statistical aspects. Before we can make use of the methods and results of information we have to solve the central problem: How can theory in actual teaching, we measure the semantic information of a verbal message The only way to do this is by extending the theory. A special concept has been deve loped for this purpose: subjective information. In place of an objectively measurable quantity (frequency of sign sequences) we set an empirically determined one: the subjective probability with which the recipient expects a certain sign sequence.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 220 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Not very many years ago, it was common for language researchers and theorists to argue that language development was somehow special and separate from other aspects of development. It was a period when the '1 ittle 1 inguist' view of language development was common, and much discussion was devoted to develop mental 'linguistic universals,' in contrast to more broadly defined cognitive universals. It seemed to me at the time (and still does) that such views reflected more their promulgators' ignorance of those aspects of cognitive development most likely to provide illuminating parallels with language development than they did the true developmental state of affairs. Coming from a neo-Piagetian frame of reference, it seemed to me that there were striking parallels be tween the development of children's language comprehension abilities and the cognitive developmental changes occurring contemporaneously, largely during the period Piaget characterized as the preoperational stage. And, though more difficult to see even now, there appeared also to be developmentally earlier parallels during the sensory-motor stage.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 136 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -It is not uncommon in science that following a period of turbulent growth, a skeptical mood builds up and doubts begin to be expressed as to the rationale of progress achieved and the extent to which the position reached coincides with the original goals. This kind of discomfort is felt today by linguists and their close companions, the psycholinguists. Despite its growing intensity, this discomfort is not readily verbalizable. Still, we will try to characterize it tentatively with a few angry assertions, each of which taken separately is perhaps untenable in its extreme form, but which together convey a sense of the malaise that seems to afflict the area in question, For one thing, the models and theories current in linguistics tend to approach a level of complexity at which extreme sophistication borders on folly. Further, the present inflation of macro- and microsystems testifies to the growing arbitrariness of theorizing - in spite of the abundance of publications specifying the criteria by which to evaluate these systems against a meta theory of science; thus we are made aware of the widening gulf between linguistic theory and the realities of language.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 352 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Roland Berger Strategy Consultants and the University of St. Gallen's Chair of Logistics Management conducted this study in order to identify and assess switchpoints that will shape the future of the logistics industry. Rather than making projections focused on a fixed point in time, the authors instead aimed to identify the most unpredictable developments that could impact logistics. Consequently, the topics for discussion range from fairly specific near-future developments to more exploratory 'blue-sky' topics. Throughout their highly interesting discussions with respondents and experts, the authors encountered a wide range of uncommon and unexpected, but not at all unlikely projections for the future.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The field of spatial econometrics, which is concerned with statistical and econo metric techniques to be used to handle spatial effects in multiregional models, was first touched upon in the 1950s. It was given its name in the early 70s by Jean Paelinck and has expanded since. Its development can be monitored in various monographs that have been published since, starting with the seminal work by Andrew Cliff and Keith Ord. Also, the wide array of journals in which contributions to spatial econometrics have been published, shows that the relevance of the field is not restricted to regional science, but extends to geography, spatial statistics, biology, psychology, political science and other social sciences. This volume contains a collection of papers that were presented at special sessions on spatial econometrics organized in the context of the European and North American conferences of the Regional Science Association International, that took place in Louvain la Neuve (August 25-28,1992) and in Houston (November 11-14, 1993), respectively. Apart from these conference papers some contributions were written especially for this volume. The central idea of this book is to communicate the state of the art of spatial econometrics and to offer a number of new directions for future research. In order to do so, the editors sought contributions of leading scholars currently active in this field.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 444 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -There have been many significant microbiological, biochemical and technological advances made in the understanding and implementation of anaerobic digestion processes with respect to industrial and domestic wastewater treatment. Elucida tion of the mechanisms of anaerobic degradation has permitted a greater control over the biological parameters of waste conversion and the technical advances achieved have reduced the time and land area requirements and increased the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the various processes presently in use. By product recovery in the form of utilisable methane gas has become increasingly feasible, while the development of new and superior anaerobic reactor designs with increased tolerance to toxic and shock loadings of concentrated effiuents has established a potential for treating many extremely recalcitrant industrial wastestreams. The major anaerobic bioreactor systems and their applications and limitations are examined here, together with microbiological and biochemical aspects of anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. London, June 1986 S. M. Stronach T. Rudd J. N. Lester v Table of Contents 1 The Biochemistry of Anaerobic Digestion 1 1. 1 Kinetics of Substrate Utilisation and Bacterial Growth 3 1. 1. 1 COD Fluxes and Mean Carbon Oxidation State 3 1. 1. 2 Bacterial Growth and Biokinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 1 Growth and Single Substrate Kinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 2 Multisubstrate Systems . 8 1. 2 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Hydrolysis 8 1. 3 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Fermentation and J1-0xidation . 11 1.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 200 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -After reading the manuscript, some biologists inquired why, on the basis of the broad experimental material presented in this book, we had not come up with a model describing the operation of the cerebellum. To answer this question, we decided to write a preface to our book. How the nervous system copes with the complexity of the world is one of the central problems of neurophys iology. The question was clearly formulated for the frrst time by N. A. Bernstein. Considering the problem of motor control, he pointed out that the main objective of motor coordination is to overcome the redundant number of degrees of freedom of the motor apparatus or, in other words, to diminish the number of independent variables which control the movement (Bernstein 1967). These I. M. Gelfand and M. L. Zetlin ideas were further developed by (Gelfand and Zetlin 1966). They proposed, in particular, the 'non-individualized' ('non-addressed') mode of control in complex systems, where only the highest levels of the system have the full notion about the fmal task while the main 'effectors' act on the basis of very limited information. These propositions were made by Gelfand and Zetlin in a very general form, but, nevertheless, proved to be fruitful in determining the direction of experimental research. For instance, the discovery of the 'locomotory region' of the brain stem (Shik et al.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 184 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -What is balanced growth This book shows that the definitions and implications of the concept of balanced growth vary significantly among the different disciplines in economic science, but are not exclusive at all.Terms such as sustainability or balanced growth have become buzzwords. In practice, they are often a desirable vision rather than an achievable objective. Why Doubts may arise about the extent to which such concepts are compatible with a modern market economy. Is balanced growth possible at all Is it reasonable to accept balanced growth as a norm Why should a balanced growth path be a desirable strategy to pursue for policymakers, managers, employees, and other societal stakeholders Empirical evidence suggests that the actual worldwide economic growth is not balanced at all. Meanwhile, ever since the beginning of the financial and economic crisis in 2007 and its accompanying spillover effects, our globalizing world has uncompromisingly shown the flip side of its coin. Its crisis-prone character has intensified the discussion about our economic system¿s sustainability. Questions related to acceptable sovereign debt levels, suitable trade deficits and surpluses, firms¿ growth targets, resource management and efficiency have aroused high interest. What is the cause of the observed imbalances In our opinion, this debate must involve rethinking the qualitative and quantitative dimension of our present understanding of the nature of economic growth.This book accompanies the 9th DocNet Management Symposium of the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. It contains contributions of the symposium's panel speakers, renowned authors to the field and young researchers. The Ph.D. students¿ and post-doctoral association DocNet organizes the DocNet Management Symposium on a yearly basis with the goal to foster exchange between academia and practitioners.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 216 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This study appears at a time when a decisive turn is due in the research on personality development. After many years of stagna tion and misguided research in this field, this book should lead to a thorough revision and a better understanding of current views on the factors which have an influence on personality. Let us consider the unsatisfactory aspects of the recent develop ments in personality studies. At the beginning of this century, the revolutionary insight gained ground that personality is susceptible to various influences, in particular to those resulting from human interaction. This insight swept away many of the old scholastic concepts and gained special importance in the fields of pedagogics and psychotherapy. How ever, in the wake of every great discovery we find inherent dangers. For years, various claims and creeds on the malleability of personality have been put forward as if they were proven facts. Lay literature, too, was permeated with wrong and distorted information on factors which might endanger child development.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 368 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book provides an introduction to Quantum Field Theory (QFT) at an elementary level¿with only special relativity, electromagnetism and quantum mechanics as prerequisites. For this fresh approach to teaching QFT, based on numerous lectures and courses given by the authors, a representative sample of topics has been selected containing some of the more innovative, challenging or subtle concepts. They are presented with a minimum of technical details, the discussion of the main ideas being more important than the presentation of the typically very technical mathematical details necessary to obtain the final results.Special attention is given to the realization of symmetries in particle physics: global and local symmetries, explicit, spontaneously broken, and anomalous continuous symmetries, as well as discrete symmetries. Beyond providing an overview of the standard model of the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions and the current understanding of the origin of mass, the text enumerates the general features of renormalization theory as well as providing a cursory description of effective field theories and the problem of naturalness in physics. Among the more advanced topics the reader will find are an outline of the first principles derivation of the CPT theorem and the spin-statistics connection.As indicated by the title, the main aim of this text is to motivate the reader to study QFT by providing a self-contained and approachable introduction to the most exciting and challenging aspects of this successful theoretical framework.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 308 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The role of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has substantially changed in a world characterized by globalized financial markets and truly global products. The accelerated development of new technologies, products, and markets has led to an increasingly dynamic and uncertain competitive situation. The book demonstrates and discusses the impact of this changing corporate environment on the role and responsibilities of the CFO. A more holistic view that integrates business and financial decisions is required in order to manage these challenges of globalization. The book shows how the CFO can adopt and implement this management approach and thus play a vital role in the firm¿s value creation.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 332 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Based on class-tested notes, this text offers an introduction to Conformal Field Theory with a special emphasis on computational techniques of relevance for String Theory. It introduces Conformal Field Theory at a basic level, Kac-Moody algebras, one-loop partition functions, Superconformal Field Theories, Gepner Models and Boundary Conformal Field Theory.Eventually, the concept of orientifold constructions is explained in detail for the example of the bosonic string.In providing many detailed CFT calculations, this book is ideal for students and scientists intending to become acquainted with CFT techniques relevant for string theory but also for students and non-specialists from related fields.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 280 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Gives an account of clinical procedure. Based on the des- cription of the functional anatomy of the craniofacial arte- ries given in Volume 1. Treats technical aspects such as pa- tient preparation, technical equipment, embolic agent, and flow control as well as a description of the therapy for different kinds of tumors, fistulas, aneurysms, and vascular malformation.Springer-Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 452 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Commissioned by the Swiss Federation of Manual Medicine and under the patronage of FIMM (International Federation of Manual Medicine) we conducted an international seminar during the week following the 7th Inter national Congress of FIMM (Zuerich/Switzerland - September 1983). Thirty Manual Medicine experts had come together in the education center of the Cloister Fischingen secluded in the eastern part of Switzerland and away from any city life, to discuss in a week long seminar the status of Man ual Medicine. Working together in the form of several groups, the following points were emphasized: - terminology - diagnostic criteria (are Manual Medicine findings reproducible ) - therapeutic interventions (degree of congruity of treatment plans) The participants demonstrated great enthusiasm and commitment, and so it was possible to have the content of the individual group's discussion com municated to and presented for further scrutiny to all participants during the seminar week. As members of the organizing committee and as the editors of this publica tion, we hope to help establish a more standardized international terminolo gy concerning the field of Manual Medicine. As this clinical trial (investigating the diagnostic reliability and the therapeu tic efficiency of MM) shows, factors such as terminology, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic plans are a prerequisite for multi-center studies.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 228 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -to Number Theory Translated from the Chinese by Peter Shiu With 14 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982 HuaLooKeng Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Beijing The People's Republic of China PeterShlu Department of Mathematics University of Technology Loughborough Leicestershire LE 11 3 TU United Kingdom ISBN -13 : 978-3-642-68132-5 e-ISBN -13 : 978-3-642-68130-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-68130-1 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Hua, Loo-Keng, 1910 -. Introduc tion to number theory. Translation of: Shu lun tao yin. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Numbers, Theory of. I. Title. QA241.H7513.5 12'.7.82-645. ISBN-13:978-3-642-68132-5 (U.S.). AACR2 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustra tions, broadcasting, reproductiOli by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to 'VerwertungsgeselIschaft Wort', Munich. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982 Typesetting: Buchdruckerei Dipl.-Ing. Schwarz' Erben KG, Zwettl. 214113140-5432 I 0 Preface to the English Edition The reasons for writing this book have already been given in the preface to the original edition and it suffices to append a few more points.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 596 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The fully automated estimation of the 6 degrees of freedom camera motion and the imaged 3D scenario using as the only input the pictures taken by the camera has been a long term aim in the computer vision community. The associated line of research has been known as Structure from Motion (SfM). An intense research effort during the latest decades has produced spectacular advances; the topic has reached a consistent state of maturity and most of its aspects are well known nowadays. 3D vision has immediate applications in many and diverse fields like robotics, videogames and augmented reality; and technological transfer is starting to be a reality.This book describes one of the first systems for sparse point-based 3D reconstruction and egomotion estimation from an image sequence; able to run in real-time at video frame rate and assuming quite weak prior knowledge about camera calibration, motion or scene. Its chapters unify the current perspectives of the robotics and computer vision communities on the 3D vision topic: As usual in robotics sensing, the explicit estimation and propagation of the uncertainty hold a central role in the sequential video processing and is shown to boost the efficiency and performance of the 3D estimation. On the other hand, some of the most relevant topics discussed in SfM by the computer vision scientists are addressed under this probabilistic filtering scheme; namely projective models, spurious rejection, model selection and self-calibration.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 188 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The acute abdomen is one of the most frequent, most dangerous and most difficult problems that the diagnostic radiologist has to deal with. This comprehensive manual presents a clinico-radiologic approach to the use of diagnostic imaging techniques for acute abdominal conditions. Imaging techniques, radiologic symptoms and clinical conditions are treated separately. This lucid format, together with a detailed subject index, offer the reader a quick and reliable reference aid in daily practice. The text is clearly structured and concise in style, and provides helpful practical hints, including discussion of diagnostic pitfalls. It is supported by a wealth of illustrations covering native diagnosis, ultrasonography, computer tomography and angiography.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 472 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -In this self-consistent monograph, the author gathers and describes different mathematical techniques and combines all together to form practical procedures for the inverse analyses. It puts together topics coming from mathematical programming, with soft computing and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, in order to show, in the context of structural analyses, how the things work and what are the main problems one needs to tackle.Throughout the book a number of examples and exercises are worked out in order to make reader practically familiar with discussed topics.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 220 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Very thorough knowledge of breast pathology is a sine qua non for interpretation of breast films . progress in X-ray diagnosis could only be made by careful comparison of the film with the actual specimen. H.INGLEBY Multiplication of the same e'oneous diagnosis does not make that diagnosis co'ect. J.G.AzZOPARDI Paradoxically enough, our specialty considers the radiologist who mis takes a skin fibroma or the calcifications in a sponge kidney for a kid ney stone to lack basic knowledge, while the radiologist who imme diately calls for the surgeon because of a few white spots on a mammogram is thought to be acting according to the rules of medical practice. Misunderstandings and confusion with regard to breast pathology as well as the comfortable philosophy that superfluous biopsies are the price we have to pay for the early detection of carcinomas have in many places led to a loss of confidence in mammography. Yet this is a meth od with which carcinomas can be detected earlier than with any other imaging technique.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 268 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The past decade has seen a revolution in the field of spoken dialogue systems. As in other areas of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, data-driven methods are now being used to drive new methodologies for system development and evaluation.This book is a unique contribution to that ongoing change. A new methodology for developing spoken dialogue systems is described in detail. The journey starts and ends with human behaviour in interaction, and explores methods for learning from the data, for building simulation environments for training and testing systems, and for evaluating the results. The detailed material covers: Spoken and Multimodal dialogue systems, Wizard-of-Oz data collection, User Simulation methods, Reinforcement Learning, and Evaluation methodologies.The book is a research guide for students and researchers with a background in Computer Science, AI, or Machine Learning. It navigates through a detailed case study in data-driven methods for development and evaluation of spoken dialogue systems. Common challenges associated with this approach are discussed and example solutions are provided. This work provides insights, lessons, and inspiration for future research and development ¿ not only for spoken dialogue systems in particular, but for data-driven approaches to human-machine interaction in general.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 272 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Multimedia environments suggest to us a new perception of the state of changes in and the integration of new technologies that can increase our ability to process information. Moreover, they are obliging us to change our idea of knowledge. These changes are reflected in the obvious synergetic convergence of different types of access, communication and information exchange. The multimedia learning environment should not represent a passive object that only contains or assembles information but should become, on one side, the communication medium of the pedagogical intentions of the professor/designer and, on the other side, the place where the learner reflects and where he or she can play with, test and access information and try to interpret it, manipulate it and build new knowledge. The situation created by such a new learning environments that give new powers to individuals, particularly with regard to accessing and handling diversified dimensions of information, is becoming increasingly prevalent in the field of education. The old static equilibrium, in which fixed roles are played by the teacher (including the teaching environment) and the learner, is shifting to dynamic eqUilibrium where the nature of information and its processing change, depending on the situation, the learning context and the individual's needs.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 268 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -German scholars, against odds now not only forgotten but also hard to imagine, were striving to revivify the life of the mind which the mental and physical barbarity preached and practised by the -isms and -acies of 1933-1946 had all but eradicated. Thinking that among the disciples of these elders, restorers rather than progressives, I might find a student or two who would wish to master new mathematics but grasp it and use it with the wholeness of earlier times, in 1952 I wrote to Mr. HAMEL, one of the few then remaining mathematicians from the classical mould, to ask him to name some young men fit to study for the doc torate in The Graduate Institute for Applied Mathematics at Indiana University, flourishing at that time though soon to be destroyed by the jealous ambition of the local, stereotyped pure. Having just retired from the Technische Universitat in Charlottenburg, he passed my inquiry on to Mr. SZABO, in whose institute there NOLL was then an assistant. Although Mr.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 340 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The subject of the book is electron transfer reactions in organic chemistry, with the emphasis on mechanistic aspects. The theoretical framework is that of the Marcus theory, well-known from its extensive use in inorganic chemistry. The book deals with definitions of electron transfer, theory of electron transfer reactions (Marcus' and Pross-Shaik's approach) experimental diagnosis of electron transfer reactions, examples from inorganic/organic reactants and purely organic reactants, electro- and photochemical electron transfer, electron transfer catalyzed reactions, connections between electron transfer and polar mechanisms, and applications of electron transfer, such as electrosynthesis of organic chemicals, photochemical energy storage, conducting organic materials and chemiluminescence. The approach is new in so far as no comparable book has been published. The book will be of value to anyone interested in keeping track of developments in physical organic chemistry.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 252 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -At first sight it may appear strange that a volume of Progress in Pediatric Surgery should be devoted to the history of our specialty. One assumes that progress is concerned primarily with recent developments whilst history deals with matters of the past. However, in the past there has also been considerable progress in the development of our understand ing of paediatric surgical problems, otherwise we would not have pro gressed to our present achievements. The editors, therefore, do not apologize for compiling this volume but, on the contrary, feel that the publication of this volume is most timely. Modern paediatric surgery has now been practised for three genera tions. The handful of pioneers who were the founders of our specialty worked mainly before the last world war. A few dozen of the inter mediary generation started work immediately after the war, while the new generation who are now dominating our specialty must be counted in thousands. Two factors have radically altered paediatric surgery as practised by the intermediary and the present generation of surgeons.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 304 pp. Englisch.