springer apr 1985 (9 Ergebnisse)

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Interferon alpha-2 is a genetically engineered, highly purified pharmaceutical agent that has undergone extensive phase I and phase II clinical study in more than 1000 patients. The material has biological activity by intravenous, intramus cular and subcutaneous routes. Clinical toxicity principally involves the 'influen za like' syndrome previously seen with native interferons. Other important toxi cities include anorexia, hepatitis, confusion and myelosuppression. Tolerable doses in multiple schedules and routes of administration have been determined. Phase II clinical trials with multiple routes and schedules of administration have been performed. Significant clinical activity has been found in non Hodgkin's lymphomas (both low grade and high grade), refractory and relapsing multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, Kaposi's sarcoma, with suggestions of activity in Hodgkin's disease, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. The studies performed to date have for the most part involved small numbers of heavily pre-treated patients. Large-scale clinical trials in some of these disea ses are now warranted in populations of patients with as little bulk disease and prior treatment as is feasible for each tumour type. This is particularly the case in . Hodgkin's disease and subcategories of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Alterna tely, interferon alpha-2 might be used to maintain remissions induced by other modalities (i. e. , in NHL, multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer). In some advanced disease settings, combinations of interferon alpha-2 with chemotherapeutic agents should now be investigated.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series that will focus on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary car cinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be in volved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family of bioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respec tively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prosta glandin E2 (POE ), prostacyclin (POI ) and thromboxane A2 (TXA ), whereas 2 2 2 lipoxygenase products consist of hydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis-the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengl Samuelsson's extensive study of the metabolism of pros taglandins indicated that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in or in the vicinity of target tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local hormones or autocoids.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - 1. Introduction.- 2. Imaging Geometry and the Gradient Space.- 3. The Basic Shadow Problem.- 4. Variations in Lighting.- 5. Shadows Falling on Polyhedra.- 6. Shadows Cast by Polyhedra.- 7. Shadow Geometry for Curved Surfaces.- 8. Generalized Cylinders.- 9. Contour Analysis for SHGCs.- 10. Shadow Geometry for Solids of Revolution.- 11. Shadow Geometry and Other Techniques.- 12. Conclusions.- Appendix A. Terminology and Notation.- Appendix B. Basic Shadow Problem in Orthography.- Appendix C. Basic Shadow Problem in Perspective.- Appendix D. Catalog of Straight Homogeneous GCs.- Appendix E. The Slant Theorem.- Appendix F. The Pivot Theorem.- Author Index.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series that will focus on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary car cinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be in volved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family of bioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respec tively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prosta glandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), whereas lipoxygenase products consist of hydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di-and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis-the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengt Samuelsson's extensive study of the metabolism of pros taglandins indicated that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in or in the vicinity of target tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local hormones or autocoids.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series that will focus on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary car cinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be in volved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family of bioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from and lipoxygenase pathways, respec arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase tively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prosta glandin E2 (POE), prostacyclin (POI) and thromboxane A2 (TXA), whereas 2 2 2 lipoxygenase products consist of hydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis-the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengt Samuelsson's extensive study of the metabolism of pros taglandins indicated that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in or in the vicinity of target tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local hormones or autocoids.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - In summary, there are many animal models that are useful in selecting new antiarrhythmic drugs. The selection of which model is most idea depends upon precisely what question is being asked. The large number of experimental models used to evaluate antiarrhythmic compounds points out the inability of anyone model to define the probability of antiarrhythmic efficacy in man. It has therefore become standard practice to utilize a batter of animal models for the evaluation of new antiarrhythmic agents. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages and it is necessary to understand each model fully in oder to evaluate experimental findings and apply them to clinical settings. We believe that the availability of the chronic myocardial infarction ventricular tachyarrhythmia model provides 1) an excellent opportunity to more precisely understand arrhythmia mechanisms, 2) to develop new techniques such as signal averaging for evaluating late low level potentials identifying hearts at high risk of sudden death 3) to identify new antifibrillatory drugs versus drugs that are effective primarily against PVC's and ventricular tachycardia 4) to identify new surgical techniques to eliminate VT/VF, and 5) to evaluate new pacing modalities including implantable cardioverters. Although all animal models are wrong, many are very useful in furthering our knowledge directed at decreasing the distressingly high mortality from heart disease. NORMAL HtART TACHYCMDIA HtART , . '' I I I I I I I I I .

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The Institute for Amorphous Studies was founded in 1982 as the international center for the investigation of amorphous mate rials. It has since played an important role in promoting the und er standing of disordered matter in general. An Institute lecture series on 'Fundamentals of Amorphous Materials and Devices' was held during 1982-83 with distinguished speakers from universities and industry. These events were free and open to the public ,and were attended by many representatives of the scientific community. The lectures themselves were highly successful inasmuch as they provided not only formal instruction but also an opportunity for vigorous and stimulating debate. That last element could not be captured within the pages of a book I but the lectures concentrated on the latest advances in the field I which is why their essential contents are he re reproduced in collective form. Together they constitute an interdisciplinary status report of the field. The speakers brought many different viewpoints and a variety of back ground experiences io bear on the problems involved I but though language and conventions vary I the essential unity of the concerns is very clear I as indeed are the ultimate benefits of the many-sided approach.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Communication is one of the most challenging human phenomena, and the same is true of its paradigmatic verbal realization as a dialogue. Not only is communication crucial for virtually all interpersonal relations; dialogue is often seen as offering us also a paradigm for important intra-individual processes. The best known example is undoubtedly the idea of concep tualizing thinking as an internal dialogue, 'inward dialogue carried on by the mind within itself without spoken sound', as Plato called it in the Sophist. At first, the study of communication seems to be too vaguely defmed to have much promise. It is up to us, so to speak, to decide what to say and how to say it. However, on eloser scrutiny, the process of communication is seen to be subject to various subtle constraints. They are due inter alia to the nature of the parties of the communicative act, and most importantly, to the properties of the language or other method of representation presupposed in that particuIar act of communication. It is therefore not surprising that in the study of communication as a cognitive process the critical issues revolve around the nature of the representations and the nature of the computations that create, maintain and interpret these representations. The term 'repre sentation' as used here indicates a particular way of specifying information about a given subject.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Die Mastze11e mit ihren 500-1000 metachromatischen Granula im Zytoplasma kommt praktisch in allen Bindegewebsstrukturen des Korpers vor [72]. Sie ist bevorzugt entlang der Blut- und Lymphgefaaverlaufe vor a11em im Be reich der terminalen Strombahn im lockeren Stromagewebe lokalisiert. In den parenchymatosen Organen, die nur wenig Bindegewebe enthalten, wie z.B. der Leber, Niere und im Herzmuskel finden sich die Mastzellen im Bereich der Adventitia der Gefaaverlaufe und im regionaren Bindegewebe. Die Anzahl in diesen parenchymatosen Organen ist damit relativ gering. Die groate Anzahl der Mastzellen wird in den serosen Hauten,wie Pleura, Pericard, Peritoneum sowie in den Meningen gefunden, ferner im Corium der Haut und hier besonders an den Akren. Nahezu 100% des hohen Gewebshist aminspiegels sind in diesen Zellen deponiert [1,39,46,67,75,78]. Die Gewebsmastze11en zeigen gegenuber den Blutbasophilen wesentliche Unterschiede: Letztere enthalten wesentl ich weniger Granula und zeiger:! keine positive Naphthol-ASD-Chloracetat-Esterase-Reaktion [49].Die Granula der Gewebsmastzellen beinhalten das Proteoglycan Heparin, die Blutbasophi len Chondoitin-Sulfat [3]. Die ze11uliire Ausstattung mit Inhaltsstoffen und die Funktion der Mastzellen in den verschiedenen Organen ist ebenfalls unterschiedlich. HERKUNFT, ENTWICKLUNG UND STRUKTUR DER HASTZELLEN Lennert und Parwaresch [49] konnten immunhistochemische Hinweise dafur finden, daa die Mastze11en sich aus der myelomonozytaren Reihe ableiten. Als wichtigste Hinweise fuhren die Autoren folgende Punkte auf: 1. Nachwe i s von Obergangs formen zwi schen Monozyten und Mastze 11 en nach massiver Mastzelldestruktion. 2. Zytolytische Effekte an Mastzellen durch hochspezifische autologe Makrophagenseren. 3. Vorkommen einer KCN-sensitiven Myeloperoxydase in unreifen Rattenmast zellen.