springer apr 1982 (4 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Modern philosophy has benefited immensely from the intelligence and sensitivity, the creative and critical energies, and the lucidity of Polish scholars. Their investigations into the logical and methodological founda tions of mathematics, the physical and biological sciences, ethics and esthetics, psychology, linguistics, economics and jurisprudence, and the social sciences - all are marked by profound and imaginative work. To the centers of empiricist philosophy of science in Vienna, Berlin and Cambridge during the first half of this century, one always added the great school of analytic and methodological studies in Warsaw and Lw6w. To the world centers of Marxist theoretical practice in Berlin, Moscow, Paris, Rome and elsewhere, one must add the Poland of the same era, from Ludwig Krzywicki (1859-1941) onward. (From our preface to Wiatr [1979p. Other movements also have been distinctive in Poland. Phenomenology was developed in the impressive school of Roman Ingarden at Cracow, semiotics from the early work of the philosopher and psychologist Kazimierz Twardowski at Lw6w in the 1890's, with masterful develop ment by his disciples Kotarbinski and Ajdukiewicz onward, conceptual foundations of physics in the incisive methodological reflections of Marian Smoluchowski, and mathematical logic from Jan I:.ukasiewicz and Stanislaw Lesniewski to Tarski, Mostowski, and many others.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Proceedings of an International Symposium on Absorbed Specific Energy and Strain Energy Density Criterion, Budapest, September 1980. In memory of the late Professor László Gillemot.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The design of asynchronous circuits is increasingly important in solving problems such as complexity management, modularity, power consumption and clock distribution in large digital integrated circuits. Since the second half of the 1980s asynchronous circuits have been the subject of a great deal of research following a period of relative oblivion. The lack of interest in asynchronous techniques was motivated by the progressive shift towards synchronous design techniques that had much more structure and were much easier to verify and synthesize. System design requirements made it impossible to totally eliminate the use of asynchronous circuits. Given the objective difficulty encountered by designers, the asynchronous components of electronic systems, such as interfaces, became a serious bottleneck in the design process. The use of new models and some theoretical breakthroughs made it possible to develop asynchronous design techniques that were reliable and effective. Algorithms for Synthesis and Testing of Asynchronous Circuits describes a variety of mathematical models and of algorithms that form the backbone and the body of a new design methodology for asynchronous design. The book is intended for asynchronous hardware designers, for computer-aided tool experts, and for digital designers interested in exploring the possibility of designing asynchronous circuits. It requires a solid mathematical background in discrete event systems and algorithms. While the book has not been written as a textbook, it could nevertheless be used as a reference book in an advanced course in logic synthesis or asynchronous design. Algorithms for Synthesis and Testing of Asynchronous Circuits also includes an extensive literature review, which summarizes and compares classical papers from the 1960s with the most recent developments in the areas of asynchronous circuit design testing and verification. The validity and utility of employment tests have become entangled in the debate over the 1991 Civil Rights Bill. Worried about compliance with new federal guidelines for test validity, and concerned about possible lawsuits, the business world became wary of pre-employment testing in the early 1980s, but the use of employment testing increased throughout that decade.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - I. General Methodological Problems.- Reflections on Science and Rationality.- The Epistemological and Methodological Sense of the Concept of Rationality.- On Two Kinds of Conventionalism with Respect to Empirical Sciences.- Realism and Instrumentalism: On A Priori Conditions of Science.- Once More about Empirical Support.- The Context of Discovery and the Context of Justification: A Reappraisal.- Continuity and Anticumulative Changes in the Growth of Science.- Some Remarks in Defense of the Incommensurability Thesis.- Marxism and the Controversy over the Development of Science.- Are there Definitively Falsifying Procedures in Science .- The Pluralistic Approach to Empirical Testing and the Special Forms of Experiment.- Dialectical Correspondence and Essential Truth.- Testing Idealizational Laws.- Practical Idealization.- II. Formal Analysis.- An Interpretation of a Concept in Science by a Set of Operational Procedures.- A Formal Definition of the Concept of Simplicity.- Characteristics of Additive Quantities.- III. Ontological Problems.- On the Concept of Matter.- Time Separation.- Four Conceptions of Causation.- IV. Philosophy of Mathematics and Information Theory.- On the Philosophy of Mathematics.- Information, Regulation, Negentropy.- Information and Signal.- V. Philosophy of Physics.- Principles of Physics as Meta-laws.- Structural Laws in Physics.- Controversial Problems of the Probabilistic Interpretation of Quantum Phenomena.- Quantum Mechanics and the Structure of Physical Theories.- Difficulties with the Reduction of Classical to Relativistic Mechanics.- VI. Philosophy of Biology and Linguistics.- Genetic and Historical Explanation in Biology.- The Idealizational Status of Theoretical Biology.- Chomsky's Inconsistencies in his Critique of EvolutionaryConceptions of Language.- VII. Other Papers.- The Problem of the Chemical Organization of Matter in the Light of a Closed Development Model.- An Outline of a Simulation Model of Science as a Part of the Model of Action.- The Notion of Technological Research and its Place among other Informational Activities.- Difficulties with Absolutism: The Case of Von Weizsäcker's Philosophy.- Bibliographies.- Abbreviations used in the Bibliographies.- Bibliography of Polish Philosophy of Natural Science.- Bibliography of Non-Polish Authors Cited.- List of Contributors.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.