rsc publishing nov 2012 (14 Ergebnisse)

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The use of Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is increasing in many areas of science and technology for source allocation, authentication, and characterization of transformation reactions. Until now, there have been no textbooks available for students with an analytical chemical background or basic introductory books emphasising the instrumentation and theory. This book is the first to focus solely on stable isotope analysis of individual compounds in sometimes complex mixtures. It acts as both a lecture companion for students and a consultant for advanced scientists in fields including forensic and environmental science. The book starts with a brief history of the field before going on to explain stable isotopes from scratch. The different ways to express isotope abundances are introduced together with isotope effects and isotopic fractionation. A detailed account of the required technical equipment and general procedures for CSIA is provided. This includes sections on derivatization and the use of microextraction techniques in GC-IRMS. The very important topic of referencing and calibration in CSIA is clearly described. This differs from approaches used in quantitative analysis and is often difficult for the newcomer to comprehend. Examples of successful applications of CSIA in food authenticity, forensics, archaeology, doping control, environmental science, and extraterrestrial materials are included. Applications in isotope data treatment and presentation are also discussed and emphasis is placed on the general conclusions that can be drawn from the uses of CSIA. Further instrumental developments in the field are highlighted.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Soil is essential to agriculture and a resource that cannot be replaced easily. Nevertheless, its importance to food production and the threats to its sustainability are often overlooked. This book, the 35th volume of Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, examines the current status of soils across the globe and their potential for food production to meet the needs of the World's population in the 21st Century. Threats, such as the degradation, pollution and erosion of soil are discussed, along with the possible consequences of climate change for soil and food production. As an ecosystem service, soil also serves to capture nutrients and sequester carbon, and these issues are discussed in the context of adding value to soil protection. The influence of modern agricultural techniques in enhancing soil productivity is also discussed. Throughout the book case studies support the discussion. Together with the books on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Water, and Environmental Impacts of Modern Agriculture, this addition to the series will be essential reading for anyone concerned with the environment, whether as scientist, policy maker, student or lay reader.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This timely publication bridges and presents the latest trends and updates in three hot topics of current and future society: nanomaterials, energy and environment. It provides the state-of-the-art as well as current challenges and advances in the sustainable preparation of metal nanoparticles and their applications. The book fills a critical gap in a multidisciplinary area of high economic, social and environmental importance. Currently, there are no books published that deal with these ever increasing important topics, as most books in this area focus on a particular topic (eg. nanomaterials or catalysis or energy or environment). This is the first multidisciplinary edited book covering the very basics to the more advanced, trendy developments, containing a unique blend of nano, green, renewable and bio.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Guanosine and its derivatives have a high potential for self-recognition and self-assembly, as well as the recognition ability for other biologically important molecules. This book explores in detail these properties with the goal of increasing knowledge of the basic principles of guanosine-assembly, synthesis of new optimised materials and exploration of their electronic and optical properties. Following the work of COST Action MP0802, the aim is to design novel reproducible and well ordered supramolecular structures to serve as molecular-scale architectures for new hybrid molecular electronics. Coverage includes synthesis, characterisation and optimisation, theoretical modelling and prediction, biochemical and biorecognition properties and applications in nanotechnology especially in molecular electronics. Appealing to researchers working in the field ranging from chemists, biologists and material scientists, this title will be a welcome addition to the inter-disciplinary literature providing direction for future research and ideas for industrial applications.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Nuclear Receptors (NRs) are ligand-induced activated transcription factors that are involved in numerous biological processes. Since the 90's when the first structures were determined by means of X-ray diffraction, the number has increased considerably. Moreover several 'omics' projects have opened up great opportunities for the discovery of new targets, the characterization of abnormal protein patterns, the selection of 'tailored' drugs and the evaluation of drug efficacy even with a lack of structural data. Furthermore, structure-based drug design, computational methods for in silico screening and nanobiotechnology-based tools are simplifying this time-consuming and expensive research of identifying lead compounds and, possibly new drugs. Biological interactions such as those that occur between a protein and ligand are concerted events where flexible molecules interact. Understanding the flexibility of large molecules or biological complexes is of primary importance to help define the right model to approximate the reality for drug discovery, virtual screening and food safety analysis. NRs are known as flexible targets, with many structural similarities, in particular for their Ligand Binding Domain. To understand the behaviour of NRs, it is mandatory to approach the subject from a different perspective. The aim of this book is to provide a state-of- the-art review on investigations into Nuclear Receptors. The contents provide an introduction to their structure and function, a critical overview of experimental structural data as a base for modeling, development of theoretical approaches to modeling and computational studies to predict interactions with small ligands, in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate computational simulations, experimental applications, and as targets for endocrine disruptor screening.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Challenges and Opportunities describes how bioprocessing and biotechnology could enhance the value extracted from wood-based lignocellulosic fiber by employing both biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes. It documents recent accomplishments and suggests future prospects for research and development of integrated forest biorefineries (IFBR) as the path forward for the pulp, paper and other fiber-processing industries. This is the only book to cover this area of high economic, social, and environmental importance. It is aimed at industrialists and academics from diverse science and engineering backgrounds including chemical and biotechnology companies, governmental and professional bodies, and scholarly societies. The Editor and contributors are internationally recognized scientists and many are leaders in their respective fields. The book starts with an introductory overview of the current state of forest biorefining, technological challenges and perspectives for future developments. The next three chapters deal with economic, environmental and sustainability issues related to policy regulations, biomass production, supply chains, product development and market conditions for the forest products industry. The subsequent four chapters focus on the selective removal of hemicellulose, lignin and extractives from woody biomass and their potential utilization through economic modeling and process integration to obtain biofuels and value-added bioproducts. The last three chapters review the latest developments in utilization of woody biomass for production of hydrocarbon fuels through gasification and pyrolysis; biohydrogen by anaerobic dark fermentation; and bio-based composite materials. The economics of the described IFBR processes and products, and their environmental impact, is a major focus in most of the chapters. Practical examples are presented where relevant and applicable.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Graphene is an emerging material for generating polymer nanocomposites. Its heat conducting properties are greater than any other material, yet so dense not even helium can pass through its honeycomb lattice. The inclusion of small amounts of graphene to polymer matrices has the possibility of significantly improving their electrical, barrier and mechanical properties. Since the Nobel prize for Physics was awarded in 2010 for the isolation of graphene there has been an explosion in graphene research and the discovery of new applications. This book discusses the current state-of-the-art in graphene nanocomposites with expertise drawn from across the globe. Insights into the functionalisation of graphene are presented, in the context of various polymer systems, along with appropriate methodologies to be adopted. Grasping this view from several active researchers in the field gives the editor the opportunity to look where future trends are heading. This is an important handbook for anyone wishing to get a comprehensive view of graphene nanocomposites and bring established methodologies into their laboratory. Post-graduate students and established researchers alike will benefit from this book.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans is the first definitive guide to discuss the adverse effects of veterinary medicinal products in humans. The chapters focus on occupational safety and consumer issues and examine the circumstances under which exposure is likely to occur.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans is the first definitive guide to discuss the adverse effects of veterinary medicinal products in humans. The chapters focus on occupational safety and consumer issues and examine the circumstances under which exposure is likely to occur.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Molecular logic-based computation is a relatively young field but mature enough for its story to be told. It is a growing branch of chemical science which highlights the connection between information technology (engineering and biological) and chemistry. With his co-workers, the author launched molecular logic as an experimental field by publishing the first research in the primary literature in 1993 and is uniquely placed to recount how the field has grown. There is no other book at present on molecular logic and computation. It shows how designed molecules can play the role of information processors in a wide variety of situations, once we are educated by those information processors already available in the semiconductor electronics business and in the natural world. Following a short history of the field, is a set of primers on logic, computing and photochemical principles which are an essential basis in this field. The book covers all of the Boolean logic gates driven by a single input and all of those with double inputs. The wide range of designs which lie beneath these gates is a particular highlight. The easily-available diversity of chemical systems is another highlight, especially when it leads to reconfigurable logic gates. Further on in the book, molecular arithmetic and other more complex logic operations, including those with a memory and those which stray beyond binary are covered. Then follows molecular logic with quantum aspects and finally, the book catalogues the useful real-life applications of molecular logic and computation which are already available. This book is an authoritative, comprehensive, state of the art, reference and a 'one-stop-shop' for scientists, academics and postgraduate students in this field.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Analytical Archaeometry describes this interesting and challenging field of research - on the border between natural sciences (chemistry, spectroscopy, biology, geology) and humanities (archaeology, (art-)history, conservation sciences). It fills the gap between these two areas whilst focussing on the analytical aspects of this research field. The first part of the book studies the main analytical techniques used in this research field. The second part expands from the different types of materials usually encountered, and the final part is organised around a series of typical research questions. The book is not only focussed on archaeological materials, but is also accessible to a broader lay audience. Overall the book is clearly structured and gives insight into different approaches to the study of analytical providing extensive discussion on a wide range of techniques, materials, questions and applications. Due to the advances in analytical instrumentation and applications in this field, it is important to have all this information merged together. Academics as well as professionals in archaeology, art history, museum labs and conservation science will find this an invaluable reference source ensuring the reader is provided with the latest progress in this research field.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Dietary sugars are known to have medical implications for humans from causing dental caries to obesity. This book aims to put dietary sugars in context and includes the chemistry of several typical subclasses eg glucose, galactose and maltose. Modern techniques of analysis of the dietary sugars are covered in detail including self monitoring and uses of biosensors. The final section of the book details the function and effects of dietary sugars and includes chapters on obesity, intestinal transport, aging, liver function, diet of young children and intolerance and more. Written by an expert team and delivering high quality information, this book provides a fascinating insight into this area of health and nutritional science. It will bridge scientific disciplines so that the information is more meaningful and applicable to health in general. Part of a series of books, it is specifically designed for chemists, analytical scientists, forensic scientists, food scientists, dieticians and health care workers, nutritionists, toxicologists and research academics. Due to its interdisciplinary nature it could also be suitable for lecturers and teachers in food and nutritional sciences and as a college or university library reference guide.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The discovery and development of effective medicines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression has been heralded as one of the great medical achievements of the past century. Indeed, the profound impact of these medicines on our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these diseases, the treatment of psychiatric patients and even our social perception of mental illnesses cannot be underestimated. However, there is still an urgent medical need for even more effective, safe and well-tolerated treatments. For example, currently available treatments for schizophrenia address mainly the positive symptoms and largely neglect the negative symptoms and cognitive disfunction which greatly impact overall morbidity. Similarly, whilst current first line antidepressants show significantly improved side effect profiles compared to the first generation therapies, there are still up to 40% of patients who are treatment resistant, and even in the patient population which responds well, the onset of action is slow at typically 2-3 weeks. The aim of this book is to provide the first point of call for those involved or just interested in this rapidly expanding and increasingly fragmented field of research in drug discovery. The editors have combined their wide ranging experience and extensive network of contacts with leading scientists and opinion leaders in this field to provide an authoritative reference text covering the evolution, major advances, challenges and future directions in drug discovery for major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, addiction and autism. Written by leading experts from industry and academia the book will be essential reading for medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, and pharmaceutical scientists working in psychiatric diorders drug discovery and development.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This volume focuses on the mechanisms of biological crystal growth, including identification of biogenic mineralisation strategies and 'non-classical' crystallisation pathways. While it had long been assumed that crystalline biominerals typically form by ion-by-ion growth, it is now recognised that they often precipitate via amorphous precursor phases. This is well established for calcium carbonate and there is growing evidence that biogenic crystalline calcium phosphate phases may form via an analogous route. Significantly, these mechanisms are not unique to the biological world. There is currently great interest from the general crystal growth community in these new and controversial ideas. A number of studies on crystal nucleation have recently re-examined classical nucleation theory, and the observation of pre-nucleation clusters is a recurrent theme of great interest. This controversial result contradicts classical nucleation theory which leads the subject of crystal nucleation and growth via assembly to demand attention. Work is presented in a range of areas including biological crystallisation mechanisms, current ideas in nucleation, amorphous precursor phases and self-assembly crystal growth mechanisms.