mdpi ag jun 2017 (16 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The essays in this collection engage and build upon the exciting new scholarship in the histories of Christian nationalism within the United States. They cover topics ranging from the Native American preacher William Appess, Federalist party leaders, Manifest Destiny, and West Point, to Donald Trump, the evangelical thinker Richard Mouw, the ecumenical movement, evangelical internationalism, and religious pluralism. Taken together, the contributors discard the old question of whether or not America was ever a Christian nation. Instead, they are concerned with how and why certain persons and groups throughout American history have either embraced or rejected the myth of a religious founding as a political project.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Many medically relevant bacteria cause severe human and animal diseases because they produce and release protein toxins that target mammalian cells. Because the toxin-induced cell damage is the reason for the clinical symptoms, the targeted pharmacological inhibition of the cytotoxic mode of action of bacterial toxins should prevent or cure the respective toxin-associated disease. Toxin inhibitors might be beneficial when the toxin acts in the absence of the producing bacteria (e.g., food poisoning), but also in combination with antibiotics in infectious diseases when the toxin-producing bacteria are present. The focus of this Special Issue of Toxins is on the development and characterization of novel inhibitors against bacterial toxins, e.g., toxin neutralizing antibodies, peptides or small compounds, as well as toxin pore blockers, which interfere with bacterial toxins and thereby protect cells from intoxication.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The role of many phytochemicals in the modulation of the carcinogenesis process has been well documented by combining in vitro and animal studies, as well as epidemiological evidence. When acting in synergy, phytochemicals exert potential anti-cancer properties and much progress has been made in defining their many biological activities at the molecular level. However, an interesting feature in the field of phytochemicals and cancer is the role of some phytochemicals in promoting cancer development. This Special Issue of Toxins aims to provide a comprehensive look at the contribution of dietary and non-dietary phytochemicals to cancer development and at the molecular mechanisms by which phytochemicals inhibit or promote cancer. These aspects are extremely useful for the definition of efficient preventive measures against cancer.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Yeasts are truly fascinating microorganisms. Due to their diverse and dynamic activities, they have been used for the production of many interesting products, such as beer, wine, bread, biofuels, and biopharmaceuticals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewers' or bakers' yeast) is the yeast species that is surely the most exploited by man. Saccharomyces is a top choice organism for industrial applications, although its use for producing beer dates back to at least the 6th millennium BC. Bakers' yeast has been a cornerstone of modern biotechnology, enabling the development of efficient production processes. Today, diverse yeast species are explored for industrial applications. This Special Issue is focused on some recent developments of yeast biotechnology, i.e., bioethanol, wine and beer, and enzyme production. Additionally, the new field of yeast nanobiotechnology is introduced and reviewed.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the West, and vascular disease is the most common cardiovascular clinical problem. The disease results in serious morbidity and mortality, and carries economic cost implications. While conventional risk factors are well established, and their biomarkers regularly monitored, patients may continue to suffer subclinical active disease, even in the absence of risk factors, until they present with sudden cardiac death or stroke. Early disease detection using direct imaging has shown to be more accurate in identifying vulnerable patients and unstable plaques than conventional risk factors. This IJMS issue deals with the current opinion concerning the state-of-the-art imaging technologies available for clinical applications and their unique value over the sole use of conventional risk factor analysis, in identifying vulnerable patients, recommending aggressive treatments, prognosticating, and in assessing related nutritional and environmental issues.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Flexible and stretchable electronics are receiving tremendous attention as future electronics due to their flexibility and light weight, especially as applications in wearable electronics. Flexible electronics are usually fabricated on heat sensitive flexible substrates such as plastic, fabric or even paper, while stretchable electronics are usually fabricated from an elastomeric substrate to survive large deformation in their practical application. Therefore, successful fabrication of flexible electronics needs low temperature processable novel materials and a particular processing development because traditional materials and processes are not compatible with flexible/stretchable electronics. Huge technical challenges and opportunities surround these dramatic changes from the perspective of new material design and processing, new fabrication techniques, large deformation mechanics, new application development and so on. Here, we invited talented researchers to join us in this new vital field that holds the potential to reshape our future life, by contributing their words of wisdom from their particular perspective.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Game theory addresses situations with multiple agents in which the outcome of an agent's act depends on the acts of the other agents. The agents may be mindless organisms. Epistemic game theory addresses games in which the agents have minds. An agent reasons about the acts of other agents and-if the other agents observe the agent's act-reasons about the other agents' responses to the act. The agents use logic to draw conclusions about the prospects of the acts that they can perform. This Special Issue of Games deals with epistemic game theory and the contributions that logic makes to an agent's practical reasoning about the strategy to adopt in a game. Although behavioral studies are relevant, the emphasis is on rational reasoning. Models of such reasoning may deal with cognitively ideal agents as well as humans. Possible topics include the players' common knowledge of their game and their rationality; reasoning that supports the players' in playing their part in a Nash equilibrium of the game; backwards induction, its results, and the conditions that support it; forward induction; learning in sequential games or in repetitions of games; Hintikka models and Kripke models of agents' information; applications of modal logic's methods to epistemic logic; interactive epistemology; Bayesian game theory and Bayesian equilibrium; and games with imperfect, incomplete, or asymmetric information.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Disability Human Rights Law is an emerging field. It is an amalgamation of human rights law, disability studies, and disability rights law. It views rights in a novel way, opening a new line of scholarly inquiry. It sees rights as they apply to the individual, with regard to the individual's particular abilities, needs, and circumstances.Disability Human Rights Law represents a shift in the field of human rights. The traditional, and often archaic, rights boundaries are broken down. Civil and political rights exist entwined with social, economic, and cultural rights. The rights of the community and the rights of the individual are not always distinguishable and are often dependent upon one another. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is the epitome of this shift and the epicenter of a new wave of rights protection.This book focuses on this new field. The aim of the book is to begin to explore the potential of Disability Human Rights Law to transform modern human rights law.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Following the classical work of Norbert Wiener, Ross Ashby, Ludwig von Bertalanffy and many others, the concept of System has been elaborated in different disciplinary fields, allowing interdisciplinary approaches in areas such as Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Cognitive Science, Economics, Engineering, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and Philosophy. The new challenge of Complexity and Emergence has made the concept of System even more relevant to the study of problems with high contextuality. This Special Issue focuses on the nature of new problems arising from the study and modelling of complexity, their eventual common aspects, properties and approaches-already partially considered by different disciplines-as well as focusing on new, possibly unitary, theoretical frameworks. This Special Issue aims to introduce fresh impetus into systems research when the possible detection and correction of mistakes require the development of new knowledge. This book contains contributions presenting new approaches and results, problems and proposals. The context is an interdisciplinary framework dealing, in order, with electronic engineering problems; the problem of the observer; transdisciplinarity; problems of organised complexity; theoretical incompleteness; design of digital systems in a user-centred way; reaction networks as a framework for systems modelling; emergence of a stable system in reaction networks; emergence at the fundamental systems level; behavioural realization of memoryless functions.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The Bunyaviridae is the largest family of RNA viruses, with over 350 isolates worldwide distributed into five genera (i.e., Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus). Many of these viruses are significant human or agricultural pathogens. The increasing number of reports on new emerging bunyaviruses and infection episodes makes it essential that we obtain a comprehensive understanding of bunyaviruses and their infection mechanisms. Although all bunyaviruses possesses a tripartite, negative-sense (or ambi-sense) RNA genome, they exhibit substantial differences in their structure, genome organization and replication strategies, which make functional interpolation across genus boundaries difficult.Fortunately, the bunyavirus field has witnessed many exciting new findings and breakthroughs in recent years. These discoveries span a wide spectrum of research areas, including structural characterization of viruses and viral proteins, the identification of new viruses, investigations into host switch and vectors of transmission, genome-based analysis of virus evolution and phylogenetic lineages, the development of new research tools, such as replicons and reverse genetics, molecular characterization of the virus life cycle at the cell level (i.e., cell entry, replication, transcription, translation, genome packaging, reassortment, and virus assembly, etc.), studies of virus-host interactions and host antiviral defense, the development of vaccines/drugs and the use of bunyaviruses for novel applications. This book includes both research and review papers that together provide a glimpse into the latest research on bunyaviruses and, at the same time, highlight some of the important research achievements made in recent years. Study topics of both a fundamental and applied nature are collated. An informed perspective for future research directions is provided and can stimulate research in some of the understudied areas.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The new competitive electricity markets make it imperative for companies related to electricity production and retail to have tools in place for energy offers. Price forecasting is critical when making offers in electricity markets, since it is considerably more complex than demand forecasting and the level of uncertainty is higher. Knowing electricity prices beforehand makes it possible for generators to determine their optimal production strategy in order to maximize their profit. Similarly, consumers and retailers can plan their consumption and produce energy bids to maximize their utility. Therefore, price forecasting is instrumental both for producers, retailers and consumers.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This special edition of Toxins will cover recent developments in snake venom metalloproteinase structure, function and clinical implications. It will include a historical retrospective of the discovery of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (SVMPs) and early insights into their biochemical mechanisms and how they function in envenomation. The individual articles will review ? SVMP Structure ? Pathologies associated with SVMPs activities ? Mechanism of action; evolution and orthologs ? SVMP processing and disintegrins ? Potential clinical applications of SVMP scaffolds.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - For many years people assumed that children did not experience chronic pain. However, recent epidemiological studies show that chronic pain, defined as constant or recurrent pain lasting three months or longer, is common in childhood. Empirical studies have characterized chronic pain conditions including headaches, abdominal pain, chest pain, and musculoskeletal pains including fibromyalgia. These pain conditions are associated with school absence, emotional distress, disruption in family activities, and significantly reduced quality of life in both the affected child and their families. For some of these children, chronic pain persists from childhood into adulthood, causing substantial long-term personal and financial costs to the individual, society, and our health care systems.Despite the prevalence and serious consequences of pediatric chronic pain, it is still under-recognized and under-treated. Too often, chronic pain is treated as a symptom of something else, rather than as a separate condition requiring its own treatment. The goal of this Special Issue was to discuss recent advances in the understanding and treatment of pediatric chronic pain. The Special Issue Book contains 22 notable articles including original research, reviews, and commentaries. Together they provide an excellent overview of the field of chronic and recurrent pediatric pain as it stands in 2016-2017.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This Special Issue of Water will focus on the relationship of water governance practices and stakeholder engagement approaches to the development, evaluation, and adoption of solutions to water management challenges. It is well recognized that the human dimensions of considering alternative water management scenarios and policy options are as least as important as their engineering, hydrological, and financial aspects. Identifying good governance practices and successful stakeholder engagement approaches can assist decision makers and water managers as they grapple with meeting the multiple environmental, economic, and societal objectives associated with sustainable water management. Papers are solicited that connect governance and/or stakeholder engagement approaches to the identification, characterization, and/or adoption of sustainable water management strategies, including conservation focused, flood risk reduction and technological solutions. The Guest Editors will consider papers addressing water governance and stakeholder engagement at all geographic scales, including transboundary. Papers addressing surface water, groundwater, and/or integrated water resources management are of interest, as are papers that examine indicators for governance and stakeholder engagement practices.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - This book contains 21 research papers, one review and one editorial focusing on studies in the field of electric power systems research in 2016. These 23 published papers can be classified into five categories: generation systems; transmission systems; distribution systems; end-users; and the power market. Among these, the subjects of generation and distribution systems has caused the most concern due to the realization of smart grids. Papers presented in this book cover research, the development of new procedures or components, an original application of existing knowledge, or new design approaches. The authors of the published articles are from a variety of Asian, North American, and European countries. This book shows that authors in China are the most active and their research covers all of the above-mentioned areas.