grin verlag jul 2007 (Mehr als 2.800 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 2,3, Technical University of Chemnitz, language: English, abstract: This paper describes the basic elements of an experimental design, beginning with a short introduction to that topic with the example why are people contributing willingly money and why they act the way they act. Then the most commonly design of the voluntary contribution mechanisms is shortly analyzed followed from disturbing factors that might influence an experiment in an undesireable way. That may distort the evaluation process. Next to this most influencing factors are analysed which lead to different human behaviour and explain the experiments' results on factors like altruism, group size, earnings, etc. Finally a conclusion sums up and suggests an experiment over the internet where the 'experimentator' is able to follow the decision process in a kind of chatroom. Dieses Paper bietet ein Übersicht über experimentelle Rahmenbedingungen, die sich mit dem 'Trittbrettfahrerverhalten' beschäftigen. Dabei wird nach einer Einleitung auf die grundsätzlichen 'Basisbeschaffenheiten' eines Experiments abgestellt und es werden mögliche verzerrende (nichtintendierte) Faktoren analysiert, die das Expermiment 'verfälschen' können. Schließlich werden Erklärungsansätze für die unterschiedlichen experimentellen Resultate anhand der wichtigsten Einflussgrößen wie Altruismus, Gruppengröße, Lerneffekte, u.a. erklärt. Im Fazit wird dann ein letztes Beispiel gebracht, in dem die Interaktionen zwischen den Teilnehmern beobachtet werden können, da das Experiment über das Internet durchgeführt worden ist und es werden Dinge aufgezeigt, die künftig noch zu erforschen sind.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 1,0 (A), Leeds Metropolitan University, course: EU Policy and Business, language: English, abstract: Competition between companies, governments and states within and across the global trading areas1 has become a vital part in this new world of less political and economical boundaries. Competition law therefore has to regulate the market powers of those who participate in the global exchange of goods and services. ¿There are now at least 80 systems of competition law in the world, in all continents and in all types of economies; many others are in contemplation.[.]¿2. It has a substantial impact upon the outline of agreements.With Articles 81 and 82 of the EEC Treaty EU jurisprudence and the legislative bodies of the Member States (MMS) have a basis to work on this topic of immense importance. Ignoring the competition rules not seldom lead to large fines being levied by the European Commission (in July 1991 Tetra Pak was fined because of competition law infringement with a record sum of ¿52mn)3. The aim of this essay is to briefly outline the scope of EU¿s competition policy and laws and to give an insight into both the Agreements of Minor Importance (¿de Minimis¿) and the impact of Competition Law on the topic of parallel (grey) imports. The latter is examined on a case study given.The basis of this essay consists of secondary literature taken from books, treaties, articles, notices or webpages. A full bibliography can be found at the end of the main part.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Communications - Intercultural Communication, grade: 2 (B), Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (Economics), course: Intercultural Communication, language: English, abstract: Through the process of globalization, managers often have to deal with people from other countries with different cultural backgrounds. This cultural background includes not only the language; it means a completely different way of feeling, thinking, behaving and as a result also conflict management. Constructive conflict management is a competence which is of particular importance in international management. Furthermore, in an intercultural context, a manager not only needs to know how to handle conflicts in general, but also how his negotiation partners usually deal with them. This is important because the right way to solve a conflict i. e. in North America is not necessarily the right way in Indonesia. When coping with conflicts in international business negotiations, international managers must be aware of the fact that appropriate ways of solving conflicts in Western cultures like North America can very often be completely unacceptable in Asian cultures like Indonesia. The aim of this paper is to analyse typical conflict management strategies in North America and Indonesia, thereby highlighting major differences in appropriate conflict management between them.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, grade: very good, University of Vienna (Institute for Politcal Science), course: African Political Systems, language: English, abstract: In the vast field of political culture on the one hand and public participation, respectively democratisation, on the other hand I will start by limiting the field of my study by defining its aims. My first guiding thesis is that there is a cleavage between state and society in Egypt and I want to show some aspects and dimensions of its present status and its historical origins. The two central fields of my study will be firstly the actual secular state practice and its ideological origins and secondly Islam, its influence in Egyptian society, and its compatibility to liberal trends, the concept of civil society or democracy in general.To look at public participation in any state is an ambitious task, for the field of participation is broad and hard to measure. I will deal with political public participation. Public participation can be limited to social groups, like syndicates. By aims I am referring to the fact that different groups have different participatory intentions. This aspect becomes more interesting when looking at Islamist groups.Looking at public participation is at the same time looking at democratic processes and political culture of the society being analysed. This includes regarding in what way the preconditions for political participation are provided: Freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of press and last but not least education. Political culture includes as well many cultural aspects of the society analysed, here Islam comes in as a religion as well as a theoretical system for a society respectively a state. All those being components of political culture, the basic research questions are consequently: What is public participation, or rather what will be the definition I will base my study on What are the components of Egyptian political culture What definition of civil society is adequate for Egypt Is civil society only a term employed by ¿Western¿ scientists based on ¿Western¿ concepts and developments and thus not appropriate to describe Egyptian society The second central thesis of my study is that Egypt, still an authoritarian state, has begun a process of liberalisation to provide the possibility of political participation to its people. The aim of my research is to investigate how far this liberalisation went until today and what consequences this process has for Egyptian society. Thus the question of legitimacy will be a central one.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Sociology - Habitation and Urban Sociology, grade: A-, Yale University (school of management), course: management of global cities, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at casting light on the hidden challenge of shrinking cities. Its main hypothesis is that in the current debate on the effects of demographic change and city management shrinking cities are widely neglected but will be a major urbanization issue in the near future. The first part ¿Growth and decline of cities¿ presents and discusses world urbanization trends. Hereby the idea is to contrast trends of growing urbanization and population increase with the spreading phenomenon of shrinking cities. Furthermore the conditions for the rise and decline of cities are identified. Based on this more introductory part, the chapter ¿Cities with a past but no future ¿ focuses on case studies of city shrinkage. Among the most often found cases in the literature, which are also highlighted in this paper are cities such as Detroit and Manchester.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Bachelor Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, grade: A-, New York University School of Law, course: US corporate and commercial law, language: English, abstract: American company law traditionally offered a group of businessmen in quest of profit only two choices of business associations: a corporation or a partnership. Both forms have their advantages and disadvantages that depend upon various factors: the size of the envisaged business, its riskiness, capital requirements, need for a separation of ownership and management, liability, desired life of the venture, and transferability of share interests. The partnership has generally been used for smaller enterprises associated with less risk and capital requirements. The corporate form gives businessmen the opportunity to conduct risky business affairs with respect to potential tort liability as well as default risk without being exposed to unlimited personal liability because only the assets of the corporation can be used to satisfy claims. The benefit of limited liability came at the price of disadvantageous double taxation because, unlike a partnership, a corporation has been viewed as an independent entity and its income has consequently been taxed on the corporation¿s as well as the shareholders¿ level. This has driven smart entrepreneurs to conduct their business affairs in form of a hybrid entity, a combination of a partnership and a corporation, the limited partnership with a corporate general partner. In that form a corporation is the (sole) general partner of a limited partnership which results in limited liability for the owners and managers of this hybrid entity and the advantage of the preferential tax treatment of a partnership. Thus, this entity allows combining the benefits of a corporation and a partnership while reducing their shortcomings.The goal of this paper is to illustrate the development of the limited partnership with a corporate general partner in the United States over the past four decades and to analyze its advantages and disadvantages. The paper centers on the two main factors that have shaped this form ¿ the recognition of limited liability for its managers and the tax treatment of the limited partnership. For this purpose, the law of the limited partnership including its tax treatment will first be described. Secondly, the development of the hybrid form will be illustrated by means of the pertinent cases and statutory provisions. In the last chapter, I will elaborate on factors that have contributed to the relative unpopularity of the hybrid form in the United States.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 1,0 (A), Free University of Berlin (Otto-Suhr-Institute for Political Science), course: Empirisch-analytische Demokratietheorien, language: English, abstract: The central question of this paper is almost as old as the mere concept of consociationalism: to what extent can consociational democracy serve as the appropriate democratic form to divided and multiethnic societies Soon after Arend Lijphart and Gerhard Lehmbruch had depicted consociational democracy as a viable alternative to majoritarian forms of democracy, a fierce debate about its wider applicability took root. Lijphart and Lehmbruch had presented the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Switzerland as cases of consociational democracies ¿ but would the concept work in countries that are divided more deeply For a good reason, the issue regained relevance and interest of scholars during the 1990s: Intra-state wars now took their tolls on an unprecedented scale - many of which had an ethnic dimension. It requires no statistical analysis to acknowledge ethnic divisions as one of the most serious sources of today¿s violent conflicts. In this context, it has been asked whether consociational democracy is a suitable and appropriate model to accommodate the diverse interests and cultures of groups in a multiethnic society. Is it a sustainable model able to prevent conflicts from turning violent Should it be part of peacebuilding efforts in a post-conflict society If applied, how should a consociational design look like BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: Eastern Europe, grade: 1,0, Charles University in Prague (Social Sciences), language: English, abstract: Since the fall of communism CEE countries are undergoing a revival of civil society, also referred to as the ¿third sector¿, which emerged after restrictions imposed under the communist party were abolished. The concept of civil society in its broader sense is the part of a society that exists next to state and market, the London school of Economics Civil Society department refers to it as ¿the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values.¿ This collective action is formed by voluntary civic and social organisations or institutions referred to as non-profit organisations (NPOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This phenomenon is of high interest considering the current European wide dispute over the role civil society should have next to government and business. European institutions have been trying to enhance the development of NGOs in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries through financial as well as institutional help. The EU enlargement was assumed to even further encourage the development of NGOs in CEE countries. Thus, the Czech Republic, one of the first aspirants of the CEE countries entering the EU, is considered to be a prime example to show how the mutual relation between the non-governmental sector in CEE countries and the EU institutions developed. To be able to define the politics and policies for future assistance of the European Union to CEE NGOs, two aspects are of special importance. One, it is necessary to understand the success NGOs in CEE countries have had in terms of succeeding to promote their interests in EU decision-making before and after the accession. Second, it is crucial to determine the role the European Union has played in the achievement of their goals.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 44 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: 1,0, erg International School - Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel (The Social Science Faculty - The Department of International Relations), course: East Asia in the International System, language: English, abstract: In this work the Sri Lankan civil conflict and the Indian involvement at the end of the 1980s is examined by two different theoretical approaches that may fit the case and help describe patterns and actions of both sides. On the one hand two similar theories about regional power and small state behaviour in the face of a civil conflict in the small state by Benjamin Miller are taken out of their original context1 and applied to the case of Sri Lanka. In constituting India as the regional power and Sri Lanka as the small state in these scenarios, it can be examined whether this case can be seen as in accordance with Miller¿s theories in the main points, and maybe even help to understand the processes around the Indo-Sri Lankan accord better. India will be checked according to its capabilities and interests in the region, which will show, if Indiäs peace keeping role was actually motivated mainly by a regional hegemonic ambition And the question will be raised, if Sri Lanka accepted the accord out of its own will, or due to Indian dominace The second theoretical approach is the Two Level Games Theory by Robert Putnam. The Sri Lankan case actually seems to give a very fitting example for the main claims of this theory. Thus the work will look into the questions, if in both countries, India and Sri Lanka, a domestic position was present that supported an agreement like the Indo-Sri Lankan accord, but only through the combination of this inner motivations and outer pressures, made the signing of the accord - against all objectors - come reality And further, how important were domestic factors in the signing of the accord The main part of the work will take the first theory, since it asks for plenty material and is also the first place to introduce the most facts and political sequences around the conflict that are not repeated afterwards.Both theories are presented in a short overview and shortened were it was possible, giving an outlineof the theory that is understandable and makes working possible. Many facts, views and materials are only portrayed in outlines, too, and many illuminating quotes to keep the work in its frame and make the reading fluent.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.7, University of Regensburg (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Hauptseminar The Language of News Reporting, language: English, abstract: Mark Twain once said, ¿If you don¿t read the newspaper, you are uninformed; if you do read the newspaper, you are misinformed¿. Indeed, it¿s true that most newspapers tend to be biased and to represent a certain ideology. Nearly imperceptible, the newsmaker leaves marks or hints of his attitude and ideology in his work and thus very often looses the independence and objectivity that news reporting ought to have. Evidence can be found for example in the choice of vocabulary, the sentence structure or the narrative structure of an article. This analysis wants to examine and compare two leading newspapers, the Guardian and the New York Times, with regard to bias in the way they are treating the Middle-East conflict.For a long time, the violence in the Middle East and the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians have been a common topic in the news and therefore it is important to know how far the reader can rely on an objective point of view when events are reported. Not a day goes by without a headline dealing with peacemaking efforts or a new attack of a suicide bomber or another advance of the Israeli army on Palestinian ground. I want to verify the hypotheses that the Guardian takes a rather anti-Israeli position about which even its own reporters state that it is ¿so anti-Israeli it (is) embarrassing¿ , whereas the New York Times will probably be in favour of Ariel Sharon and Israel.After a short overview of the two newspapers, the topic will be introduced briefly. This will be followed by a linguistic analysis of a selection of articles which will focus on features with regard to the linguistic approach of critical linguistics and social semiotics of Roger Fowler (Fowler 1991). In the centre of attention will be the correlation of news language and its linguistic features within a social and ideological context. Finally, a conclusion will sum up and critically examine the results of the research done concerning the hypotheses of bias.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Stuttgart (Institute for Anglo Linguistics), course: Language Contact, language: English, abstract: Offers an overview over the fields of language policy and language planning and examines the German 'Verein deutscher Sprache' and its strategies to influence on the development of the German language as an NGO without legal competences.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, University of Bayreuth, course: Eurolinguistics, language: English, abstract: Unsere Hausarbeit für das Seminar Eurolinguistics bei Dr. Grzega schrieben wir über Höflichkeitsformen in Ungarn und England mit Fokus auf Begrüßungs- und Abschiedsformeln (Politeness strategies in Hungary and England with special focus on greetings and leave-taking terms). Interessant wurde dieses Thema für uns vor dem Sommersemester 2006, nach einem Urlaub in Ungarn, in dem wir der Vielfalt der Begrüßungs- und Höflichkeitsformen in dieser Sprache gewahr wurden und sie bewusst wahrnahmen. Als Studentinnen des Faches Anglistik ist es offensichtlich, dass die Englische Sprache Mittelpunkt unseres Interesses ist. So kamen wir auf die Idee, zunächst nur Begrüßungsformeln miteinander zu vergleichen, bis wir sahen, wie sehr dieses Thema eigentlich mit Höflichkeit verflochten ist.Um neben einem Theorieteil, in welchem wir uns in der Diskussion um Höflichkeitsformen auf andere wissenschaftliche Quellen beziehen, auch einen Praxisbezug in die Hausarbeit mit aufzunehmen, gab uns Dr. Grzega eine Vorlage eines Fragebogens, den er zuvor für andere Studienzwecke entworfen hatte; nach kleinen Änderungen verteilten wir diesen an 25 Engländer und 25 Ungarn im Alter von 14 bis 89 Jahren in einem recht ausgewogenen Verhältnis von 48% männlichen und 52% weiblichen Teilnehmern. Diese werteten wir getrennt voneinander aus, um sie später dann in der Seminararbeit miteinander zu vergleichen, um Übereinstimmungen, sowie auch Unterschiede feststellen zu können.Ungarn ist stark von seiner Geschichte und von Traditionen geprägt, und vor allem aus seiner Zeit der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie, was in einigen gängigen Begrüßungsformeln erkennbar wird. Das förmliche Siezen tritt ungewöhnlich häufig auf, auffallend vor allem in Familienkreisen gegenüber älteren Verwandten, die mit dem Vornamen, Tante/Onkel und Sie angesprochen werden. Der Vergleich zum Englischen ist hier natürlich schwierig, da das archaische thou nicht mehr gebräuchlich ist und durch das umfassende you ersetzt wurde.Im Allgemeinen ist es so, dass die Magyaren zu den contact cultures gehören und somit auch schnell die Nähe des Gesprächspartners suchen, sei es durch mehr Körperkontakt bei einer Unterhaltung oder der Begrüßung mit Küsschen, die in einer distance culture wie der der Briten nur bei sehr engem sozialen Kontakt üblich sind.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 44 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3 (A), University of Leipzig (Culture Studies GB), course: Looking Into England. The English Question, language: English, abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Ursprünge und Traditionen der englischen Küche zu untersuchen und eventuelle Beziehungen zur Ernährung der Engländer heutzutage aufzuzeigen. Dabei wird die Historie des englischen Essens bis in römische Zeiten zurückverfolgt und ihre Entwicklung dann bis in die heutige Zeit untersucht. Stereotypische Konzepte wie die Vorliebe der Engländer für weißes Brot, Fleisch und der oftmals kritisierte 'fade Geschmack' englischen Essens sollen ebenfalls untersucht werden. Am Ende der Arbeit soll diskutiert werden, ob es so etwas wie 'typisch' englische Küche überhaupt gibt und, wenn ja, worin sich diese widerspiegelt und von, beispielsweise, der schottischen oder walisischen Küche unterscheidet.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, University of Mannheim, course: African American Novels, language: English, abstract: Blindness is a topic in many African American novels published in the middle of the 20th century. However, this does not mean that black protagonists are over-averaged disabled. The inability of seeing refers more to a special type of blindness: a psychical one. This kind of disablement is ¿a matter of the construction of [the] inner eyes, those eyes with which [one] look[s] through [the] physical eyes upon reality¿ (Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. London: Penguin Books, 1965. p.7).It is a way of refusing to recognise people and their character traits, which African Americans were often confronted with. This ignorance of the - mainly - ¿white¿ society is picked out as a central theme in many African American novels and, therefore, it will be the topic of this publishing. To prove this thesis, the following analysis will examine some example scenes from Ralph Ellison¿s 1952 published novel Invisible Man. As one single book is not sufficient to establish a thesis for a whole genre, additionally scenes from Richard Wright¿s 1940 published novel Native Son and Ann Petry¿s 1946 published novel The Street will be briefly analysed. Even though a comparison between all three novels would have been interesting as well, this work will take its main focus on one single novel, to go as deeply into detail as the limited space allows, instead of giving only a cursory overview of different works. For the same reason, this work will not contain a summary of the discussed novels as these are expected to be known.As the title of the work probably raises the expectation of an analysis of the physical blindness, this topic will be worked out in the second chapter, concentrating on Invisible Man, and, later on, briefly on Native Son. The attempts to point out its metaphorical meaning and to connect this with the psychical blindness will be made.The main part of the analysis will be the examination of the psychical blindness that affects the main protagonist as well as the minor characters of Invisible Man. A closer look will be taken at the repeated eye-metaphors as well as at the function of the telling names. Referring to the title of the book, the attempt to answer the question, if invisibility is a result of blindness, will be made.To prove that Ellison¿s novel is not the only one that deals with the topic of blindness, the fourth and fifth chapter will deal with Petry¿s and Wright¿s novels that were published in the same period.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,3, University of Frankfurt (Main) (England- und Amerikastudien), course: Discourses of Slavery, language: English, abstract: Der Roman 'The Known World' ist der einzige Roman von Pulitzer Preisträger Edward P. Jones, und trotzdem war er ein großer Erfolg. Er hat in der amerikanschen Gesellschaft eine erneute Diskussion losgetreten über die wenig bekannte historische Tatsache der schwarzen Sklavenhalter in den Südstaaten des 19. Jahrhunderts. Es wird die moralische und soziale Komponente des Phänomens, wie es im Roman dagestellt wird, untersucht. Ist die Sklaverei vielleicht unter einer dünnen Oberfläche farbenblind Welche Umstände brachten Afro-Amerikaner dazu Sklaven zu halten Welche Auswirkungen hatte diese Form der Sklaverei und unterschied sie sich überhaupt von der von Weißen ausgeübten Form Die Arbeit zeigt anhand der Beispiele in 'The Known World', dass Sklaverei in seinen Auswirkungen keine Unterschiede macht, und in seiner inhumanen zerstörerischen Kraft alle sozialen Strukturen vernichtet und in der Tat farbenblind ist.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject History Europe - Germany - Postwar Period, Cold War, grade: very good, University of New Orleans (History Department), course: SE American History, language: English, abstract: Various studies discuss the American view of the Austrian State Treaty and Austrian neutrality, both concluded in 1955. There are a number of studies concerning the Eisenhower- and Kennedy Administrations regarding Austrian neutrality.In all of them, the American fear of neutralism plays a key role. Securing Austriäs close connection with ¿western ideology¿ and therefore minimizing Soviet influence were main goals of U.S. policy towards Austria. The neutral state should at least show ideological support of the West in the East-West conflict.In the first part of this paper, I will try to describe the difference between the terms ¿neutrality¿ and ¿neutralism¿. Afterwards, it is necessary to discuss the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations policies towards Austria and give a brief overview of this time.The main goal is to examine the Johnson Administration¿s view of Austrian neutrality. The records in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library in Austin, Texas, indicate that there was no more fear of Austrian neutralism by the mid-1960s. This paper analyses this development and discusses the status of Austrian neutrality in the sixties. Did the Eisenhower Administration succeed in pulling Austria to the ¿western side¿ in the Cold War Was neutrality simply unimportant in the sixties What consequences does neutrality have for the process of European integration Other important aspects touched on in this essay are Austrian relations with Eastern Europe, relations with the European Economic Community and U.S. financial support for the Austrian Armed Forces, the ¿Bundesheer¿.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: A+, Victoria University of Wellington (School of English, Film and Theatre der Faculty of Humanities and Social Science), course: ENGL439 - Journalism And Literature, language: English, abstract: A close reading of Tome Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test considering Wolfe's concept of New Journalism as a form of writing between the novel and journalism.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2, University of Kassel (Anglistik-Amerikanistik), course: American Crime Fiction, language: English, abstract: Raymond Thornton Chandler started his career as a crime novelist relatively late in 1933 at the age of 45 (Widdicombe, xvi). With the foundation of the Black Mask Magazine, Chandler, as well as many other writers, got the chance to test his talent as a crime novelist and simultaneously to raise some money. His first stories were miniature novels which were strongly influenced by his British sophistication and education (Phillips, 17). But he was aware of the fact that he had to veil his style of writing in order to make it acceptable to the American readers, especially the Black Mask readers (Phillips, 17). During 1933 and 1939 Chandler published 20 detective stories in several ¿pulp magazines¿ until he wrote his first novel The Big Sleep (Neumeyer, 329). By writing longer fiction Chandler had to portray his characters fully and give an authentic sense of the world, whereas the short story allowed him to rely on action (MacShane, 63).Chandler¿s ambition was to mark off from the English detectives of Agatha Christie and Dorothy Sayers, i.e. to create a reliable character that would ¿leave scars¿ and transfer what he calls a ¿¿half-poetical emotion¿ that is the heart of the work¿ (MacShane, 69). This kind of reliability became one of Chandler¿s dogmas and occurs not only in his creation of characters and plot but also in the historical background of the stories. In the following paper I¿m going to analyze the origin and development of the private-eye in general. I will focus my analysis on the development of the detective in American ¿hard-boiled¿ fiction with reference to Philip Marlowe in Raymond Chandler¿s ¿The Curtain¿, ¿Killer in the Rain¿, and the novel The Big Sleep. The choice relies on the fact that The Big Sleep and its character Philip Marlowe evolved from the two short stories. The question also includes how Marlowe is characterized throughout the stories.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: Good, University of Hannover (English Seminar), course: English and its dialects, language: English, abstract: Abstract When a language is spread all over the world, it naturally is not exactly the same everywhere. The language takes different forms in different places and these forms are distinguishable from each other by certain characteristics. These forms are dialects. In the case of English there are extraordinarily many dialects since the English language is spoken in many countries and functions as the lingua franca of the world. English has achieved global status. It is the language which is most prevalently taught and used as a foreign language in more than a 100 countries. Apart from that, there are several nations which have large numbers of the people speaking English as their mother tongue, i.e. the USA, Canada, Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. Among these, Australia is said to be one of the most monolingual countries. However, this is not the only reason why investigations about Australian English are interesting. Since Australia is a very young nation, the dialect which has developed there, started its way up only 200 years ago. In addition, many linguists have referred to the striking homogeneity of Australian English (AusE). Subjective opinions about this dialect cause great deals of controversy and although this reaction might be observed with many dialects, AusE is in some way predestined for evoking controversial feelings. In this paper I will try to give comprehensible explanations why the Australian dialect is a very special form of English.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Didactics - English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 2,0, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: The Politics of English as a Global Language, language: English, abstract: 'English influence on German' deals with the question why we tend to use anglicisms and which problems might occur when using them. There will also be a focus on the classification of the borrowing and on the negative reactions to anglicisms.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2+, University of Rostock (Institut für Sprachwissenschaft), course: Hauptseminar: Corpus dictionaries and lexical structure, language: English, abstract: The first dictionary was published in 1984. At that time the focus lay on lexicography especially on English as an international language. Nowadays nearly every three month new dictionaries appear. They are mainly published from publishing houses in Great Britain. This is due to the dominance which British lexicography won in the 1960s. When the first Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English appeared in 1978 British lexicography had finally won dominance to American lexicography. In 1987 the second edition of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of the English language appeared. These works were completely different to the ones before. According to Sidney I. Landau these works were ¿in many respects a daring departure from the customary practices of lexicography, and particularly of ESL lexicography¿ . They offered a new look at what the user needed. The aim of this paper is to take a closer look on these dictionaries to check whether they are working with authentic language material to explain words and how easy or difficult it is for a user to understand the explained issues.In grammars the different features of a language are considered systematically. Spoken and written language material is described. Nowadays the grammarians are working together with Universities or at least base their entries on large databases that include millions of texts taken out of various forms of writing and communication situations. This system is meant to help to provide the use of authentic language material that is familiar to the grammar user. In the analysed grammars invented examples are avoided with the aim to offer the user a better access to the explained issue.The aim of this paper is to analyse the used example solutions by keeping an eye on whether they are really authentic and easy to understand or not better than the invented ones that were often used in former times.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 1994 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: Good, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Institute for England - und American Studies), language: English, abstract: There are many things that can be said about Fitzgerald, like about most people who make themselves known by the artistic craft. He is above all the first person who comes to mind talking about literature in the Twenties. Owing to his novels and stories where he captured the nostalgia, the spirit of that time is still very vivid even in our modern era.In his narrative 'The Ice Palace' which appeared in the short story collection 'Flappers and Philosophers' in 1920, the reader is introduced to the problem of mental and emotional difference of people living in the Nothern and Southern American states. Fitzgerald thematizes several different problems in his short story but the main and crucial theme we discover, which at the same time is the topic of this analyis, is the quest for identity of the female protagonist.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2+ (B), Technical University of Braunschweig (English Seminar), language: English, abstract: Women are more emotional than men, they speak in a different way than men, but how are they spoken about Throughout the last century there has been a lot of discussion concerning language and gender. Mainly, linguists have focused on the different discourse strategies and conversational styles of women and men, that is, they dealt with the difference of women¿s and men¿s language. Sexism became an important point of discussion in the 1960s, and especially feminist critiques have discussed the sexist representation of women in language. Many linguists tried to find alternatives for features of language that discriminate against women, and thus sought to correct existing sex biases. In a time where the inequality of the sexes is said to have diminished, the anti-sexism movement seems to have decreased, as well. People try to speak in a politically correct way, a way that is not sexist or racist, but certain stereotypes are nevertheless still part of the language system.This can be seen when taking a closer look at the media, which plays an important role in the process of language development. Newspapers articles, for example, have to be objective and without bias, but as they employ language that is politically correct with regard to common language usage, they reflect the language of a society. Consequently, the media is a rich source for analysis when it comes to examining to what extent sexism is still an issue today. Has the feminist fight against male supremacy been without effect The author discusses if sexism in language has diminished and how it is dealt with. Therefore, sexist language is defined and the relationship to society with the help of several linguistic approaches. As part of this, the different features of sexist language, such as derogatory designations for women, the generic masculine, feminine markers, and the problem of personal titles are explained. Furthermore, the role of the media in context with sexist language is depicted and is put in relation to sexism in newspapers, by listing some rules established by the Associated Press that intend to help journalists deal with sexist features of language. Finally, articles from The Washington Post are analyzed to examine if sexist language is still perpetuated.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject History Europe - Other Countries - Modern Times, Absolutism, Industrialization, grade: very good, University of Essex (Department of History), course: Comparative Nationalism in Europe, language: English, abstract: Armed uprisings, revolutions or civil wars do not come out of the blue. But what were the main reasons of the Greek war of independence Some scholars have tried to explain this event as a war of national liberation, driven by a strong national identity amongst the Greek population. This essay intends to challenge such explanatory models by exploring the very diversity and heterogeneity of the several social groups within the movement for an independent Greek nation state.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,0, Free University of Berlin (John-F.-Kennedy-Institut), course: American Religion, Politics and Law, language: English, abstract: The following essay will deal with religion, law and politics in the USA. Because it is a broad topic, I will concentrate on the discourse about accommodation, or separation of state and church in America, with a focus on Stephen L. Carter ¿ a distinguished law professor at Yale University. My thesis is that although Carter claims to be a separatist, his contradictory and biased arguments in most of his books indicate his accommodationist position. His methods are the dichotomization of church and state; his claim that society victimizes religion (his strange comparison of the Civil Rights movement and the Anti-Abortion movement); his assertion that religious people are oppressed by the majority (which according to him is religious), the Supreme Court, and American politics. Carter further maintains that religion is trivialized and privatized. His biased view on law is visible in the cases he discusses (predominantly separatist cases). His suggestive and popular style, as well as his constant references to God¿s will and his opinion that the Bible justifies almost everything, makes his argumentation nearly untouchable. Finally, I will show that Carter clearly holds God above the state and thus, his claim as a separatist cannot be maintained.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Didactics - English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 2,0, University of Wuppertal, course: Teaching English to very young children, language: English, abstract: In 1999, Rea-Dickens and Rixon conducted a survey about the relationship between assessment and learning. 120 European teachers and teacher trainers were asked if the main purpose of their assessment was to help their teaching, and 97% answered in the affirmative.Rea-Dickens and Rixon examined afterwards what the teachers really assessed and how they did so. They found a strong ¿mismatch between curricular aims, pedagogy and test content¿ (Cameron, Lynne.Teaching languages to very young learners. Cambridge University press.2001. page 217). The assessment focused mainly on the children¿s achievements but neglected on other curricular aims such as language and social awareness.The assessment of young learners should serve teaching by providing feedback on the children¿s learning progress, so that the content and the difficulty of subsequent teaching units can be effectively adjusted to the learners¿ needs.This paper offers the reader an overview about the theoretical ideas and principles which should be kept in mind when implementing an assessment.Furthermore the guidelines of lower Saxony are introduced. They illustrate the expectations of the German school system towards assessment in class. Afterwards the paper gives an overview about psycholinguistic tests such as ¿Blitztest¿ and ¿F-Test¿. Additionally, the paper answers the question of origin and purpose of the Cambridge Young Learners Test. Finally, material which should support the teacher in the efficiency assessment of the pupils is represented, considering the example of ¿Ginger¿.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Project Report from the year 2001 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0 (A), Dresden Technical University (Institute for Anglistics/American Studies), course: GLC 6 Project, language: English, abstract: When I was a teenager I read several of those books written by Karl May that are set in the 'Wild West.' I was very impressed, not only by the 'Winnetou' trilogy but also because I knew Karl May never went there. - [¿] - Ever since then I have wondered about the accuracy and truth of his writings, which I now was given the chance to investigate by visiting a particular state, one he has also used for several of his plots, Arizona.Before I crossed the ocean by plane on January 20, 2000, I knew I would be spending two weeks in Globe, Arizona, adjacent to the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, and four weeks in Dragoon, Arizona, at the Amerind Foundation, the former to see how a special group of Native Americans is living today, the latter to view reference books. At both places I conducted a depth interview and compared my results to Karl May¿s 'Winnetou' trilogy, which I read once more. By doing so, I most of all wanted to find out how accurate Karl May describes the country, his characters, and their customs, but also how much exposure certain Americans had had to his works so far, and what their reactions would be to an extract of it, the 'Winnetou' trilogy.With these aims in mind, I conducted my research. I chose interesting passages from the aforementioned trilogy for both my questionnaire and interview questions, which I later asked the native speakers to fill out and answer. In order not to leave out historical research, I visited the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona, and at the Amerind Foundation I surveyed at least ten reference books about Native American peoples, their history and culture.As a result of this research my aims were well fulfilled: Firstly, there are certain topics I can disagree or agree with Karl May about, to various degrees. Secondly, I am more familiar with the exposure that the people I talked to had to Karl May before I stepped into their lives, and thirdly, I experienced their reactions to the events in the 'Winnetou' trilogy. These results met my two expectations: one, Karl May was no historian, and two, his works should be promoted more aggressively in the American Southwest, if not the entire United States.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 44 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Humboldt-University of Berlin, course: Masculinity in the Late Victorian and Early Edwardian Novel, language: English, abstract: The paper ¿Where to live ¿ The Houses in Howards End¿ shows in which way E. M. Forster associates certain housing conditions with special types of character, in how far he thinks that housing conditions influence the way people are and behave and what conclusion he draws as to where to live.Basically, there are three different types of houses portrayed in the novel: the dwelling place of the urban lower middle class, London town houses, and country houses. It can be argued that there are differences between these types of houses and also that the narrator differs the houses¿ quality among themselves. Taking the city ¿ country dichotomy as a starting point, the paper discusses the standpoint Forster takes towards the quality of these houses when he shows that they are ¿alive¿ or not (whether they possess life, spirit or souls).It is explained in which way the economic status of the main characters of the novel (the Schlegels, the Wilcoxes and the Basts) is reflected in their respective housing-conditions and what position Forster takes towards housing at the beginning of the twentieth century in general.The paper also relates to some of the current views and popular concepts of Forster¿s time on the different housing conditions of people. Taking a look at some general statements about living in the city versus living in the country and living in flats versus living in houses, it is explained what the narrator¿s preferences are as to where one should live. The paper discusses in how far this attitude is reflected in the narrator¿s decision about the ideal place to live for his heroine Margaret Schlegel and in how far this solution is a realistic one.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: Sehr Gut, University of Salzburg (Institut für Geschichte), course: US History Teile 2,3 und 4, language: English, abstract: This thesis should demonstrate in what dimension the mexican migration set in in the beginning of the 20th century. To show this it is necessary have a look on the immigration policies in the late 19th century. This chapter will be very short to pass into the mexican migration from 1900 to the beginning of the Second World War which marked the end of the so-called ¿temporary¿ mexican guestworker movement. Then we are going to have a look on the migration between 1942 and 1964 characterized by the bracero program and second the period after 1964 characterized by opening and liberalizing the United States immigration policy until 1986. In 1986 because a neo-restrictive tendency in immigration policy set in but this will not b part of this analysis.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - General and Theories of International Politics, grade: 1, Diplomatic Academy of Vienna - School of International Studies, course: Postinternational Politics, language: English, abstract: The Privatized Military Industry (PMI) definitely is on the rise as P.W. Singer argued in 2004. In international relations scholarship, numerous research is available on this topic since the PMI started its rise during the 1990s. After having identified a rather ¿new¿ phenomenon in world politics, the process of the politicization and analytical analysis follows, drawing a comparison to a policy-analysis approach.Doing research on private actors in world politics, offering services falling within the military domain, from a postinternational perspective is a rather new thing. Most researchers analyze the PMI as such, their institutional design, their organization and classify them according to the services they offer. This research is based on a different approach. It analyzes the implications of the PMI to the Westphalian state and state system by referring to postinternationalism as a worldview. What constitutes the postinternational worldview ¿ and what indicators I will use based on this worldview ¿ is explained in part II dealing with theory. Theory in this paper in principle can be summed up with the phrase that ¿the Westphalian state as such is declining in power and that private actors (in our case private military actors) such as TNCs or NGOs are becoming more important and powerful.¿ Some gain and some lose. From this perspective it is the states that lose and the private actors that gain.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 44 pp. Englisch.