grin verlag jul 2007 (Mehr als 2.800 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 2,3, Technical University of Chemnitz, language: English, abstract: This paper describes the basic elements of an experimental design, beginning with a short introduction to that topic with the example why are people contributing willingly money and why they act the way they act. Then the most commonly design of the voluntary contribution mechanisms is shortly analyzed followed from disturbing factors that might influence an experiment in an undesireable way. That may distort the evaluation process. Next to this most influencing factors are analysed which lead to different human behaviour and explain the experiments' results on factors like altruism, group size, earnings, etc. Finally a conclusion sums up and suggests an experiment over the internet where the 'experimentator' is able to follow the decision process in a kind of chatroom. Dieses Paper bietet ein Übersicht über experimentelle Rahmenbedingungen, die sich mit dem 'Trittbrettfahrerverhalten' beschäftigen. Dabei wird nach einer Einleitung auf die grundsätzlichen 'Basisbeschaffenheiten' eines Experiments abgestellt und es werden mögliche verzerrende (nichtintendierte) Faktoren analysiert, die das Expermiment 'verfälschen' können. Schließlich werden Erklärungsansätze für die unterschiedlichen experimentellen Resultate anhand der wichtigsten Einflussgrößen wie Altruismus, Gruppengröße, Lerneffekte, u.a. erklärt. Im Fazit wird dann ein letztes Beispiel gebracht, in dem die Interaktionen zwischen den Teilnehmern beobachtet werden können, da das Experiment über das Internet durchgeführt worden ist und es werden Dinge aufgezeigt, die künftig noch zu erforschen sind.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 1,0 (A), Leeds Metropolitan University, course: EU Policy and Business, language: English, abstract: Competition between companies, governments and states within and across the global trading areas1 has become a vital part in this new world of less political and economical boundaries. Competition law therefore has to regulate the market powers of those who participate in the global exchange of goods and services. ¿There are now at least 80 systems of competition law in the world, in all continents and in all types of economies; many others are in contemplation.[.]¿2. It has a substantial impact upon the outline of agreements.With Articles 81 and 82 of the EEC Treaty EU jurisprudence and the legislative bodies of the Member States (MMS) have a basis to work on this topic of immense importance. Ignoring the competition rules not seldom lead to large fines being levied by the European Commission (in July 1991 Tetra Pak was fined because of competition law infringement with a record sum of ¿52mn)3. The aim of this essay is to briefly outline the scope of EU¿s competition policy and laws and to give an insight into both the Agreements of Minor Importance (¿de Minimis¿) and the impact of Competition Law on the topic of parallel (grey) imports. The latter is examined on a case study given.The basis of this essay consists of secondary literature taken from books, treaties, articles, notices or webpages. A full bibliography can be found at the end of the main part.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: USA, grade: Sehr Gut, University of Salzburg (Institut für Geschichte), course: US History Teile 2,3 und 4, language: English, abstract: This thesis should demonstrate in what dimension the mexican migration set in in the beginning of the 20th century. To show this it is necessary have a look on the immigration policies in the late 19th century. This chapter will be very short to pass into the mexican migration from 1900 to the beginning of the Second World War which marked the end of the so-called ¿temporary¿ mexican guestworker movement. Then we are going to have a look on the migration between 1942 and 1964 characterized by the bracero program and second the period after 1964 characterized by opening and liberalizing the United States immigration policy until 1986. In 1986 because a neo-restrictive tendency in immigration policy set in but this will not b part of this analysis.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Communications - Intercultural Communication, grade: 2 (B), Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (Economics), course: Intercultural Communication, language: English, abstract: Through the process of globalization, managers often have to deal with people from other countries with different cultural backgrounds. This cultural background includes not only the language; it means a completely different way of feeling, thinking, behaving and as a result also conflict management. Constructive conflict management is a competence which is of particular importance in international management. Furthermore, in an intercultural context, a manager not only needs to know how to handle conflicts in general, but also how his negotiation partners usually deal with them. This is important because the right way to solve a conflict i. e. in North America is not necessarily the right way in Indonesia. When coping with conflicts in international business negotiations, international managers must be aware of the fact that appropriate ways of solving conflicts in Western cultures like North America can very often be completely unacceptable in Asian cultures like Indonesia. The aim of this paper is to analyse typical conflict management strategies in North America and Indonesia, thereby highlighting major differences in appropriate conflict management between them.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Communications - Theories, Models, Terms and Definitions, grade: 1,0, University of Tubingen (Englisches Seminar), course: Key Terms for Studying Culture, language: English, abstract: Altered pictures have always caused much controversy. Even when photography was still in its infancy, manipulative arrangement was already an issue. Nowadays, digital photography in particular faces an erosion of trust because newsmagazines and newspapers make frequent use of various manipulation techniques, which fiercely challenges the shared belief that photographs record the world objectively and truthfully. Oddly enough, even though a picture may ¿lie¿, it is still used as evidence in the courtroom or understood as a valuable historical document.In my analysis of photography¿s oscillation between image and imagination, with the two terms representing something traditionally thought of as real on the one hand and something thought of as constructed on the other hand, I want to address these questions and analyse how and what a picture represents. I argue that meaning is to a large extent constructed by the viewer and does not exist as an inherent quality. Consequently, whether an altered picture is seen as fraud or merely as an optimisation is a very subjective matter and strongly depends on contextual information. The viewer¿s judgement is influenced by the path through which the image is mediated and the context in which it is embedded, but his judgement is also dependent on what the image means to him, not only on what he sees in it. This is not to say that photographs can under no circumstances be used as evidence. However, what can be said is that their truth-value is often overestimated. In any case, manipulation is not a side-effect that coincided with the birth of digital photography. Selection, framing, and other adjustments have always played an important role in film photography.After a general introduction to the basic principles of representation and their development up to the present point of time, I will continue with a brief history of photographic practices and analyse how issues of photographic realism were dealt with in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I will then turn to what is often called 'the myth of photographic truth' and analyse the role of representation in both traditional and digital photography. The last chapter will also broach the role of ideology.In short, I want to argue that photography is capable of meaning, or representing, more than one thing, that it consists of a network of signs and operates both on the basis of predefined structures and personal input.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, grade: very good, University of Vienna (Institute for Politcal Science), course: African Political Systems, language: English, abstract: In the vast field of political culture on the one hand and public participation, respectively democratisation, on the other hand I will start by limiting the field of my study by defining its aims. My first guiding thesis is that there is a cleavage between state and society in Egypt and I want to show some aspects and dimensions of its present status and its historical origins. The two central fields of my study will be firstly the actual secular state practice and its ideological origins and secondly Islam, its influence in Egyptian society, and its compatibility to liberal trends, the concept of civil society or democracy in general.To look at public participation in any state is an ambitious task, for the field of participation is broad and hard to measure. I will deal with political public participation. Public participation can be limited to social groups, like syndicates. By aims I am referring to the fact that different groups have different participatory intentions. This aspect becomes more interesting when looking at Islamist groups.Looking at public participation is at the same time looking at democratic processes and political culture of the society being analysed. This includes regarding in what way the preconditions for political participation are provided: Freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of press and last but not least education. Political culture includes as well many cultural aspects of the society analysed, here Islam comes in as a religion as well as a theoretical system for a society respectively a state. All those being components of political culture, the basic research questions are consequently: What is public participation, or rather what will be the definition I will base my study on What are the components of Egyptian political culture What definition of civil society is adequate for Egypt Is civil society only a term employed by ¿Western¿ scientists based on ¿Western¿ concepts and developments and thus not appropriate to describe Egyptian society The second central thesis of my study is that Egypt, still an authoritarian state, has begun a process of liberalisation to provide the possibility of political participation to its people. The aim of my research is to investigate how far this liberalisation went until today and what consequences this process has for Egyptian society. Thus the question of legitimacy will be a central one.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Communications - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, niversity of Applied Sciences Oldenburg/Ostfriesland/Wilhelmshaven; Emden, course: Communication & Presentation, language: English, abstract: The memory is like a muscle! Train this muscle and it gets better and better.¿Memory Training¿ helps to improve the memorizing function of brain. The tools which ¿Memory Training¿ uses are called mnemonics . The main application area of ¿Memory Training¿ is the realm of the learning process.This is one of some suitable definitions and confines of ¿Memory Training¿. The definition only shows a short raw outline of the topic ¿Memory Training¿. Besides, along this written assignment, the writers try to point out the methods, instruments and the application area of ¿Memory Training¿.The paper will give information about methods and instruments of ¿Memory Training,¿ but what about the aims of ¿Memory Training¿ The aims of ¿Memory Training¿ normally are individual aims. Those like: easy learning of new foreign languages; the interest to improve the general education; ¿never again forgetting of birthdays¿ or telephone numbers; to hold presentations and speeches without any help (of cheat sheet) or only to improve the memory performance to register information faster Therefore, the aims of ¿Memory Training¿ are not significant for the present written assignment.The following elaboration begins with the structure and the functions of the human brain, how it works, the process of memorizing and lastly the collaborations of the left and right hemisphere.The next realm of ¿Memory Training¿ points out the different kinds of mnemonics. There are a lot of different methods, the writers only point out the main methods for ¿Memory Training¿. An important partition of the mnemonics is the importance of optimizing outside influences in relation to the mnemonics and the learning process. What kind of basic possibilities exist to minimize them The last part of the main body is the subtopic ¿Easy Learning¿ which acts about methods and instruments to learn easier. Besides the mnemonics which are already important instruments the authors describe further methods and instruments to learn easier.The topic ¿Memory Training¿ raises some questions like what is my profit, when can I see the first prosperities and why do companies instruct their people in using mnemonics Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Communications - Movies and Television, grade: 1,0 (A), Technical University of Braunschweig (English Seminar), course: HS Documentary Film, language: English, abstract: Through a spy hole in a bathroom cabinet we see a man in pajamas talking to himself in the mirror. Or is he talking to us After a while, we hear a voice of a woman, telling him that he will be late. With a sigh, the man turns around and leaves the bathroom. On a black screen, we read 'Day 10, 909'- then we see the man through another spy hole, dressed in a business suit, leaving his house for work. He greets his neighbors with a wide grin, and the neighbors enthusiastically greet back. As he adds 'Oh, and in case I don¿t see ye: Good afternoon, good evening and good night!', they react as though they think this was extremely funny. When the dog of his next-door neighbor comes to greet him, the man freezes, on his face an expression of terror. He waits till the dog moves back and is about to get in his car when the camera suddenly pans and we see a theatrical light falling out of the sunny sky. Suspiciously, the man goes to examine what has crashed down on the street in front of his house. He does not know what to think of the light, which has a tag on it, designating it as 'Sirius'. In disbelief, he gazes into the sky- is this how stars look like The man is called Truman Burbank, and we are watching Peter Weir¿s movie The Truman Show (1998). The movie is not a typical feature film as it mixes feature film elements and docu-soap elements. By confronting his audience with elements of its daily TV-programming, the docu-soap, Peter Weir establishes a satire of the media that leaves its viewers with the uneasy feeling that reality is not always what it appears to be.This work gives a short summary of the movie, as well as it depicts its style and structure. Furthermore, Peter Weir¿s thematic concerns are explained. The author describes docu-soaps and their appeal in order to explain which features of the docu-soap we can find in The Truman Show. The different levels of reality in the movie and the role of the audiences, that is, the tension between the perception of the viewers of the TV show inside the movie and the perception of the movie audience is another topic that is dealt with.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: 1,0, erg International School - Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel (The Social Science Faculty - The Department of International Relations), course: East Asia in the International System, language: English, abstract: In this work the Sri Lankan civil conflict and the Indian involvement at the end of the 1980s is examined by two different theoretical approaches that may fit the case and help describe patterns and actions of both sides. On the one hand two similar theories about regional power and small state behaviour in the face of a civil conflict in the small state by Benjamin Miller are taken out of their original context1 and applied to the case of Sri Lanka. In constituting India as the regional power and Sri Lanka as the small state in these scenarios, it can be examined whether this case can be seen as in accordance with Miller¿s theories in the main points, and maybe even help to understand the processes around the Indo-Sri Lankan accord better. India will be checked according to its capabilities and interests in the region, which will show, if Indiäs peace keeping role was actually motivated mainly by a regional hegemonic ambition And the question will be raised, if Sri Lanka accepted the accord out of its own will, or due to Indian dominace The second theoretical approach is the Two Level Games Theory by Robert Putnam. The Sri Lankan case actually seems to give a very fitting example for the main claims of this theory. Thus the work will look into the questions, if in both countries, India and Sri Lanka, a domestic position was present that supported an agreement like the Indo-Sri Lankan accord, but only through the combination of this inner motivations and outer pressures, made the signing of the accord - against all objectors - come reality And further, how important were domestic factors in the signing of the accord The main part of the work will take the first theory, since it asks for plenty material and is also the first place to introduce the most facts and political sequences around the conflict that are not repeated afterwards.Both theories are presented in a short overview and shortened were it was possible, giving an outlineof the theory that is understandable and makes working possible. Many facts, views and materials are only portrayed in outlines, too, and many illuminating quotes to keep the work in its frame and make the reading fluent.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Cultural Studies - Basics and Definitions, grade: 1,7 (A-), University of Heidelberg (Institute for Translation, Heidelberg), course: Bad Girls, New Men': Gender in Britain Since 1960, language: English, abstract: The analysis 'The Womens Movement in the 70s' examines the rising of the Women¿s Liberation Movement in the 1970s in Britain; it discusses and debates the different steps taken by women towards greater freedom and the continual fight for their rights. It does not only focus on the achievements made in this time, but also points out the change the Liberation Movement underwent and the conflicts which arose as a consequence of it.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Computer Science - Commercial Information Technology, grade: 2 (B), University of Mannheim (Information Systems), course: Industrialization of Software Development, language: English, abstract: Topic of this paper are the macro economic issues of offshore outsourcing. First inland and offshore outsourcing are described, especially focused on IT outsourcing. Then reasons for IT offshore outsourcing are illustrated. Popular offshore markets are introduced and the advantages are shown. In the next chapter, problems and risks of offshore outsourcing are explained. Both the more general view and IT specific problems and risks are described. Here general problems as well as problems of IT outsourcing are mentioned. Then consequences of the offshoring trend are illustrated. Apart from consequences for IT branch, especially consequences for national economies of western countries, e.g. Germany, are viewed in detail. There can be short term and long term consequences. Future offshore outsourcing trends help to understand the effects. The development of unemployment caused by offshoring is one main focus. Furthermore offshoring trends in other white collar work besides IT are shortly described. At the end this the paper develops an idea about possible solutions for western countries. Potential reactions of the government and suggestions on how to create new jobs are presented in detail. The paper finally ends with a small conclusion.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Study from the year 2003 in the subject Physics - Theoretical Physics, University of Barcelona, language: English, abstract: By assigning the elementary Planck units to the units of Newton¿s Gravitational Constant (G), it resulted that G is actually a function of vacuum (zero point) energy (ZPE) and that it can be therefore manipulated. This paper cites and discusses some possible kinds of Gravity manipulation. ZPE appears to reduce gravity as it is inversely proportional to the gravitational force.From Coulomb¿s Constant, the ¿Planck charge¿ (qP) and the corresponding quantum vacuum (QV) lepton/photon ratio are calculated, the latter by dividing qP by the Planck mass. The QV-lepton/photon ratio is very different to the analogous baryon/photon ratio that is predicted by Standard Model, demonstrating that the QV and space-time are two different entities (e.g., that they have a different number of dimensions). A dimensional model for the QV that evolves from, and is supported by, the lepton/photon ratio is presented herein, together with emerging technologies.By expressing natural constants in terms of Planck units, we found that the Universal Gravitation Constant is the inverse of vacuum density matter-equivalent and the square of Planck time, being the former equal to Planck mass divided by Planck volume. The corresponding new equation of gravitation presented here reveals that gravitation can be manipulated via vacuum energy. Additionally, from Coulomb¿s constant, we can derive the ¿Planck charge¿ and the corresponding density of virtual vacuum particle pairs. A discussion of the ramifications of these findings is also presented.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Technical Computer Science, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Vienna (Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme), language: English, abstract: Clock synchronization is a necessary and critical part in most distributed systems. For many years NTP was the state-of-the-art way of synchronizing computer clocks distributed in space. However, as recent advances in miniaturization lead to the construction of smaller, more powerful and less power consuming computers, embedded devices, sensors and actuators, the need for more precise time synchronization grew. This work thus sets out to compare selected approaches to clock synchronization in distributed systems. The well known Global Positioning System is disseminating accurate time and frequency information from the International Institutes that keep the time, NTP can still do the same, but at different levels of accuracy as well as cost. Clock synchronization protocols like IEEE1588 or TTP and bus architectures like FlexRay evolved from the need to further propagate the timing information within small networks and therefore staying within the specified limits of preciseness.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3 (A), University of Dusseldorf 'Heinrich Heine' (Anglistics Institute), course: Tense-Aspect-Mood, language: English, abstract: In order to present a comprehensive and all-embracing picture of a linguistic phenomenon like the ¿progressive¿ it is important to provide an analysis of the problem from both a synchronic and a diachronic point of view.Following this rule the subsequent paper is divided into two main parts.In the beginning I will try to give a global picture of the progressive form in English as it is used today and I will focus on its meaning and basic functions as well as on its separation from other linguistic states.The second section of this paper is devoted to the historical sources of the English progressive diachronically emerging from Old English over Middle English and Early Modern English into the progressive taught in modern grammars and school books.I do have to mention though that, since I am not a student of Old English or Middle English, my abilities in reading and understanding certain sources and interpretations are limited.In the process of this work I have tried to use secondary sources on Old and Middle English rather than primary sources and I have also tried to leave out most references or citations to primary sources. Nevertheless I believe that, in this paper, I can prove and demonstrate that the English progressive form used nowadays is derived diachronically and directly from Old English.I will present authors who support this view as well as others who oppose it. As my main source I would like to mention Johannes Scheffer, Bybee, Susan Fitzmaurice, Eva Edgren and Debra Ziegeler.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.7, University of Regensburg (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Hauptseminar The Language of News Reporting, language: English, abstract: Mark Twain once said, ¿If you don¿t read the newspaper, you are uninformed; if you do read the newspaper, you are misinformed¿. Indeed, it¿s true that most newspapers tend to be biased and to represent a certain ideology. Nearly imperceptible, the newsmaker leaves marks or hints of his attitude and ideology in his work and thus very often looses the independence and objectivity that news reporting ought to have. Evidence can be found for example in the choice of vocabulary, the sentence structure or the narrative structure of an article. This analysis wants to examine and compare two leading newspapers, the Guardian and the New York Times, with regard to bias in the way they are treating the Middle-East conflict.For a long time, the violence in the Middle East and the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians have been a common topic in the news and therefore it is important to know how far the reader can rely on an objective point of view when events are reported. Not a day goes by without a headline dealing with peacemaking efforts or a new attack of a suicide bomber or another advance of the Israeli army on Palestinian ground. I want to verify the hypotheses that the Guardian takes a rather anti-Israeli position about which even its own reporters state that it is ¿so anti-Israeli it (is) embarrassing¿ , whereas the New York Times will probably be in favour of Ariel Sharon and Israel.After a short overview of the two newspapers, the topic will be introduced briefly. This will be followed by a linguistic analysis of a selection of articles which will focus on features with regard to the linguistic approach of critical linguistics and social semiotics of Roger Fowler (Fowler 1991). In the centre of attention will be the correlation of news language and its linguistic features within a social and ideological context. Finally, a conclusion will sum up and critically examine the results of the research done concerning the hypotheses of bias.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, University of Bayreuth, course: Eurolinguistics, language: English, abstract: Unsere Hausarbeit für das Seminar Eurolinguistics bei Dr. Grzega schrieben wir über Höflichkeitsformen in Ungarn und England mit Fokus auf Begrüßungs- und Abschiedsformeln (Politeness strategies in Hungary and England with special focus on greetings and leave-taking terms). Interessant wurde dieses Thema für uns vor dem Sommersemester 2006, nach einem Urlaub in Ungarn, in dem wir der Vielfalt der Begrüßungs- und Höflichkeitsformen in dieser Sprache gewahr wurden und sie bewusst wahrnahmen. Als Studentinnen des Faches Anglistik ist es offensichtlich, dass die Englische Sprache Mittelpunkt unseres Interesses ist. So kamen wir auf die Idee, zunächst nur Begrüßungsformeln miteinander zu vergleichen, bis wir sahen, wie sehr dieses Thema eigentlich mit Höflichkeit verflochten ist.Um neben einem Theorieteil, in welchem wir uns in der Diskussion um Höflichkeitsformen auf andere wissenschaftliche Quellen beziehen, auch einen Praxisbezug in die Hausarbeit mit aufzunehmen, gab uns Dr. Grzega eine Vorlage eines Fragebogens, den er zuvor für andere Studienzwecke entworfen hatte; nach kleinen Änderungen verteilten wir diesen an 25 Engländer und 25 Ungarn im Alter von 14 bis 89 Jahren in einem recht ausgewogenen Verhältnis von 48% männlichen und 52% weiblichen Teilnehmern. Diese werteten wir getrennt voneinander aus, um sie später dann in der Seminararbeit miteinander zu vergleichen, um Übereinstimmungen, sowie auch Unterschiede feststellen zu können.Ungarn ist stark von seiner Geschichte und von Traditionen geprägt, und vor allem aus seiner Zeit der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie, was in einigen gängigen Begrüßungsformeln erkennbar wird. Das förmliche Siezen tritt ungewöhnlich häufig auf, auffallend vor allem in Familienkreisen gegenüber älteren Verwandten, die mit dem Vornamen, Tante/Onkel und Sie angesprochen werden. Der Vergleich zum Englischen ist hier natürlich schwierig, da das archaische thou nicht mehr gebräuchlich ist und durch das umfassende you ersetzt wurde.Im Allgemeinen ist es so, dass die Magyaren zu den contact cultures gehören und somit auch schnell die Nähe des Gesprächspartners suchen, sei es durch mehr Körperkontakt bei einer Unterhaltung oder der Begrüßung mit Küsschen, die in einer distance culture wie der der Briten nur bei sehr engem sozialen Kontakt üblich sind.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 44 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, Technical University of Braunschweig (Englisches Seminar - Abteilung Englische Sprache und ihre Didaktik), course: Child Discourse, language: English, abstract: Language itself as a means of communication as well as a carrier for thoughts, ideas and art is one of the factors that determine us as human beings. It distinguishes humans from animals and gives us the opportunity to pass along knowledge and memories. At the same time language is one of the most complex things our human brain has to master. It consists of a general concept of language, specific words and rules to use them. Moreover, language ¿ in most cases ¿ has to make sense in a specific context, otherwise it cannot be understood. Furthermore, the articulation of sounds and their reception is another highly complex process. As speaking and listening is so complicated it has to be learned from the early childhood on by every single person. At a certain age children begin to feel the need to communicate their wishes and insights they already gathered from this totally new world ¿ at least from their point of view. This is what we call first language acquisition. Another area of language learning is the one of second language acquisition. This term describes the learning of a new language that is different from the mother tongue, i.e. the language that was learned in first language acquisition. It is also used when a person learns his third or fourth language to distinguish between the language learned as a native tongue and the one(s) learned as (a) foreign language(s). In both areas people somehow learn to communicate in a new way. Babies switch from pointing or crying to speaking and children or adults switch from using one language to using another. Here the question arises how they do it. Do they just learn some vocabulary by heart Do they imitate other people's utterances and hope that they convey the meaning they hoped for Today we know, that learning a language means using various learning strategies. These strategies are the topic of this paper. They are going to be presented to the reader first within the scope of second language acquisition. Later on I want to give some thoughts to whether the learning strategies described before may apply to first language acquisition as well. Finally some data on children's utterances shall be used to consolidate the previous considerations on learning strategies in first language acquisition.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Magic Realism in Recent British and South African Novels, language: English, abstract: Hauptmerkmale und Sekundärmerkmale des magischen Realsimus sollen in dieser Arbeit genannt und anschließend an dem südafrikanischen Roman 'She plays with the darkness' von Zakes Mda erläutert. In dem ersten Unterpunkt wird die Geschichte des magischen Realismus behandelt. Anschließend werden die Haupt- und Sekundärmerkmale des magischen Realsimus genannt. Der Focus der Arbeit lieg auf den Elementen des magischen Realismus in dem Roman 'She plays with the darkness'.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3 (A), University of Leipzig (Culture Studies GB), course: Looking Into England. The English Question, language: English, abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Ursprünge und Traditionen der englischen Küche zu untersuchen und eventuelle Beziehungen zur Ernährung der Engländer heutzutage aufzuzeigen. Dabei wird die Historie des englischen Essens bis in römische Zeiten zurückverfolgt und ihre Entwicklung dann bis in die heutige Zeit untersucht. Stereotypische Konzepte wie die Vorliebe der Engländer für weißes Brot, Fleisch und der oftmals kritisierte 'fade Geschmack' englischen Essens sollen ebenfalls untersucht werden. Am Ende der Arbeit soll diskutiert werden, ob es so etwas wie 'typisch' englische Küche überhaupt gibt und, wenn ja, worin sich diese widerspiegelt und von, beispielsweise, der schottischen oder walisischen Küche unterscheidet.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: A+, Victoria University of Wellington (School of English, Film and Theatre der Faculty of Humanities and Social Science), course: ENGL439 - Journalism And Literature, language: English, abstract: A close reading of Tome Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test considering Wolfe's concept of New Journalism as a form of writing between the novel and journalism.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: The World According to Disney: Construction of Cultural Differences in American (Family-Oriented) Films, language: English, abstract: ¿Individual Otherness in The Little Mermaid with Regard to Social Hierarchy and Gender¿ deals with the role of royal characters and how they relate to so called non-elite figures. Additionally, male and female stereotyped characters will be examined with regard to royal male figures and superior and inferior female ones. The last point will be a discussion of the good-bad relationship by concentrating exclusively on Ariel and Ursula.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0 (B), University of Dusseldorf 'Heinrich Heine' (Anglistics Institute), course: Melville's Short Novels, language: English, abstract: Almost everyone has heard of the novel ¿Moby Dick¿. Less people though know that it was Herman Melville who wrote the world famous best-seller. Yet even less people can name other books and stories written by the American. One important story cycle he published in 1856 is called ¿The Piazza Tales¿ and it includes the short novels ¿Bartleby, The Scrivener¿, ¿Billy Budd¿ and ¿Benito Cerone¿.This paper deals with the first one.In the process of my work I will try to present a short overview about the story and give a brief summary. Nevertheless it is assumed that the reader of this paper is already familiar with the text.I will focus on the formula ¿I prefer not tö which Bartleby frequently uses as his only way to communicate with his environment. In a first step I will examine the influence that the usage of this formula has on the lawyer. Furthermore I will present the reactions of the office clerks and of other people to this phrase.The second part of this paper then is devoted to the opinions and interpretations of famous Melville critics who put the weight of their argumentation on very contradictory points. This criticism is essential in order to understand the story. In traditional forms Bartleby is ¿unreadable¿. The text becomes meaningful, framed and structured only by taking account of the according criticism. Of course, there are many and very different ways to criticize the story. I though think that dealing with the famous phrase is the form of interpretation that is closest to the text and therefore the most easily to follow. With all these critical views and opinions, including my own argumentation, I will show that Bartleby never had a chance to survive. His chosen style of living just did not fit into the world back in these days. Does it today I will come back to this thesis in the end and try to find an answer.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,3 (B), University of Stuttgart (American Studies), course: Postmodern Fiction, language: English, abstract: Constructing Slaughterhouse-Five is a close reading of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five. It puts a special focus on the aspects of time and temporal structure in relation to the novel form and its narrative structure in relation to the protagonist Billy Pilgrim's personal trauma, his war experience and his time travelling in relation to the alternative model of time of the Tralfamadorians. Thus, it concentrates on the postmodernist criticism of an uncritical believe in linear time, teleology and progression as also represented in the form of linear narratives.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2+, University of Rostock (Institut für Sprachwissenschaft), course: Hauptseminar: Corpus dictionaries and lexical structure, language: English, abstract: The first dictionary was published in 1984. At that time the focus lay on lexicography especially on English as an international language. Nowadays nearly every three month new dictionaries appear. They are mainly published from publishing houses in Great Britain. This is due to the dominance which British lexicography won in the 1960s. When the first Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English appeared in 1978 British lexicography had finally won dominance to American lexicography. In 1987 the second edition of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of the English language appeared. These works were completely different to the ones before. According to Sidney I. Landau these works were ¿in many respects a daring departure from the customary practices of lexicography, and particularly of ESL lexicography¿ . They offered a new look at what the user needed. The aim of this paper is to take a closer look on these dictionaries to check whether they are working with authentic language material to explain words and how easy or difficult it is for a user to understand the explained issues.In grammars the different features of a language are considered systematically. Spoken and written language material is described. Nowadays the grammarians are working together with Universities or at least base their entries on large databases that include millions of texts taken out of various forms of writing and communication situations. This system is meant to help to provide the use of authentic language material that is familiar to the grammar user. In the analysed grammars invented examples are avoided with the aim to offer the user a better access to the explained issue.The aim of this paper is to analyse the used example solutions by keeping an eye on whether they are really authentic and easy to understand or not better than the invented ones that were often used in former times.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 1994 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: Good, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Institute for England - und American Studies), language: English, abstract: There are many things that can be said about Fitzgerald, like about most people who make themselves known by the artistic craft. He is above all the first person who comes to mind talking about literature in the Twenties. Owing to his novels and stories where he captured the nostalgia, the spirit of that time is still very vivid even in our modern era.In his narrative 'The Ice Palace' which appeared in the short story collection 'Flappers and Philosophers' in 1920, the reader is introduced to the problem of mental and emotional difference of people living in the Nothern and Southern American states. Fitzgerald thematizes several different problems in his short story but the main and crucial theme we discover, which at the same time is the topic of this analyis, is the quest for identity of the female protagonist.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,7 (A-), University of Leipzig (Anglistics), course: Screening Britain: British History and Society in Recent Films, language: English, abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Darstellung der britischen Arbeiterklasse in den beiden Filmen 'Brassed Off' (Mark Herman, 1996) und 'The Full Monty' (Peter Cattaneo, 1997) zu analysieren. Insbesondere soll dabei auf die sozio-ökonomische Situation der Charaktere, deren soziale Beziehungen untereinander, den 'Working Class Pride and Traditionalism', die männliche Identifikation der Figuren und ihre regionale Verwurzelung eingegangen werden. Die zentralen Fragen, die sich dahingehend stellen, sind: Wie werden diese Aspekte in den Filmen dargestellt Und inwiefern werden sie stereotypisiert dargestellt Diese Arbeit beruht auf der Annahme, dass die meisten Stereotype auf das traditionelle Bild der 'working class' des beginnenden 20. Jahrhunderts zurückgreifen. Aus diesem Grund wird diese Ära und ihr Einfluss auf das Leben der Arbeiter näher betrachtet, um dann Rückschlüsse auf die Repräsentation der Arbeiterklasse in 'Brassed Off' und 'The Full Monty' ziehen zu können. This essay, which is going to analyse the representation of class in 'Brassed Off' and 'The Full Monty', will particularly focus on the typicality of the representations. It will analyse the characters' socio-economic situation, their social bonds, the 'working class pride and traditionalism', the workers' male identity and their regional identity. The central question will be, in which ways the films can be seen as 'typical' working class motion pictures. In this respect, the stereotyping of the social classes in these two films will particularly be focused on. This essay is based on the assumption that most stereotypes refer back to the traditional image of the working class as it existed at the beginning of the 20th century. In this context, it shall be analysed if the makers of 'Brassed Off' and 'The Full Monty' also used such stereotypes to produce an image of 'the good old working class'. In order to gain an understanding of these working class stereotypes, the first chapter of this paper will deal with the 'old' working class as it existed at the turn of the 20th century and its main characteristics.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject American Studies - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,3 (A), Technical University of Braunschweig (English Seminar), course: 9/11, language: English, abstract: Something which was a bomb, a big bomb, has blasted my clever Njurunda coffee tables in the shape of a lime green yin and an orange yang that fit together to make a circle. [.] My Haparanda sofa group with orange slip covers, design by Erika Pekkari, it was trash, now. And I wasn¿t the only slave to my nesting instinct. The people I know who used to sit in the bathroom with pornography, now they sit in the bathroom with their IKEA furniture catalogue. [¿] It took my whole life to buy this stuff. [¿] Then yoüre trapped in your lovely nest, and the things you used to own, now they own you. Until I got home from the airport (Palahniuk 44 f.).As the narrator in Chuck Palahniuk¿s Fight Club comes home from a business trip, he realizes that his fancy IKEA nest has been blown to pieces by a bomb. The destruction of his home is the beginning of a quest for identity, a process that makes him the leader of an underground terrorist organization in the end.Fight Club gives insight to a social malaise that has gripped American men, it is the portrait of the nihilistic generation that is commonly referred to as Generation X. Palahniuk depicts the life of a man who grew up in a time without great wars, without a Great Depression. Hence, he is desperately trying to give his insignificant life a meaning since he cannot give it to a greater cause.This work discusses both Palahniuk¿s novel and the David Fincher movie that has been based on it with regard to what these works convey about terrorism and western culture. Furthermore, the impact of 9/11 on Fight Club is examined: how has 9/11 changed the perception of the novel and the movie BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2+ (B), Technical University of Braunschweig (English Seminar), language: English, abstract: Women are more emotional than men, they speak in a different way than men, but how are they spoken about Throughout the last century there has been a lot of discussion concerning language and gender. Mainly, linguists have focused on the different discourse strategies and conversational styles of women and men, that is, they dealt with the difference of women¿s and men¿s language. Sexism became an important point of discussion in the 1960s, and especially feminist critiques have discussed the sexist representation of women in language. Many linguists tried to find alternatives for features of language that discriminate against women, and thus sought to correct existing sex biases. In a time where the inequality of the sexes is said to have diminished, the anti-sexism movement seems to have decreased, as well. People try to speak in a politically correct way, a way that is not sexist or racist, but certain stereotypes are nevertheless still part of the language system.This can be seen when taking a closer look at the media, which plays an important role in the process of language development. Newspapers articles, for example, have to be objective and without bias, but as they employ language that is politically correct with regard to common language usage, they reflect the language of a society. Consequently, the media is a rich source for analysis when it comes to examining to what extent sexism is still an issue today. Has the feminist fight against male supremacy been without effect The author discusses if sexism in language has diminished and how it is dealt with. Therefore, sexist language is defined and the relationship to society with the help of several linguistic approaches. As part of this, the different features of sexist language, such as derogatory designations for women, the generic masculine, feminine markers, and the problem of personal titles are explained. Furthermore, the role of the media in context with sexist language is depicted and is put in relation to sexism in newspapers, by listing some rules established by the Associated Press that intend to help journalists deal with sexist features of language. Finally, articles from The Washington Post are analyzed to examine if sexist language is still perpetuated.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject History Europe - Other Countries - Modern Times, Absolutism, Industrialization, grade: very good, University of Essex (Department of History), course: Comparative Nationalism in Europe, language: English, abstract: Armed uprisings, revolutions or civil wars do not come out of the blue. But what were the main reasons of the Greek war of independence Some scholars have tried to explain this event as a war of national liberation, driven by a strong national identity amongst the Greek population. This essay intends to challenge such explanatory models by exploring the very diversity and heterogeneity of the several social groups within the movement for an independent Greek nation state.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,0, Free University of Berlin (John-F.-Kennedy-Institut), course: American Religion, Politics and Law, language: English, abstract: The following essay will deal with religion, law and politics in the USA. Because it is a broad topic, I will concentrate on the discourse about accommodation, or separation of state and church in America, with a focus on Stephen L. Carter ¿ a distinguished law professor at Yale University. My thesis is that although Carter claims to be a separatist, his contradictory and biased arguments in most of his books indicate his accommodationist position. His methods are the dichotomization of church and state; his claim that society victimizes religion (his strange comparison of the Civil Rights movement and the Anti-Abortion movement); his assertion that religious people are oppressed by the majority (which according to him is religious), the Supreme Court, and American politics. Carter further maintains that religion is trivialized and privatized. His biased view on law is visible in the cases he discusses (predominantly separatist cases). His suggestive and popular style, as well as his constant references to God¿s will and his opinion that the Bible justifies almost everything, makes his argumentation nearly untouchable. Finally, I will show that Carter clearly holds God above the state and thus, his claim as a separatist cannot be maintained.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.