grin verlag grin verlag nov 2007 (Mehr als 2.100 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Communications - Journalism, Journalism Professions, grade: 1,7, Indiana University (School of Journalism), course: Journalism J650, language: English, abstract: ¿One can choose to study fish or one can choose to study the environment they swim in.¿ One of the reviewers for the recent book Elusive Consumption Eric J. Arnold summed up the two approaches of market research with his nice little illustration. He goes on to say ¿many traditional academic market researchers are like those who study the fish. Contributors to this volume [Elusive Consumption] are like those who opt to study the water. One can argue about which approach leads to catching more fish. My bet lies with those who explore the environment.¿ For him, it is evident that the only way one can come close to evaluating the interaction between consumers and market forces is by focusing on the ¿environment¿ the consumer finds himself in. That is exactly what the authors of the book Elusive Consumption found out after extended research. There are certainly critics who oppose this view and want to see more attention paid to the consumer and his habits and behavior. The interesting figure in this problem is the definition of this ¿environment¿ the consumer is situated in.This essay attempts to present some of these definitions of environment and theories of the relationship (if any) between consumer and market. What are the factors that come into play and influence consumer behavior and how has that question tried to be answered in the past. What role do advertisements play specifically in this context The main argument of this paper is that there is no such thing as an overarching theory when it comes to identifying reasons for consumption just as there is no homogenous audience in relationship with the product being offered. In fact, this argument challenges the notion of a dual relationship between consumer and product, between message and receiver and supports more the idea of multiple factors that all come together in this highly complex interplay of decisions and reasons.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, University of Tubingen, course: LPS The Northen Irish Troubles, language: English, abstract: In the conflict between Catholic Nationalists and Protestant Loyalists in Northern Ireland the security forces have played and continue to play a controversial and crucial role. Hailed by Loyalists as defenders of Ulster, condemned by Nationalists for their biased, sectarian practices, the police forces were often not mediators between both sides but combatants in the ¿Troubles¿ who fueled the conflict. This paper intends to look at the history of policing in Northern Ireland from 1920 to 2001, focusing on the early years in order to show a path-dependency of the ¿Troubles¿. It will substantiate that the conflict between the police forces and the population during the ¿Troubles¿, beginning in 1968, was not a singular, isolated event that can be examined without its historical context. But rather, the seed of this conflict had been planted fifty years prior, when Northern Ireland¿s police forces were established.Chapter 3 looks at the public perception surrounding policing and will examine the differences and similarities of opinion between Catholics and Protestants. Chapter 4 deals with the internal problems facing policing. Furthermore, it will question Seamus Mallon¿s, a former deputy leader of the SDLP and Northern Ireland¿s Deputy First Minister from 1998 to 2001, statement that the RUC was ¿97% Protestant and 100% unionist¿ (Royal Ulster Constabulary 2006).Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,5, University of Hildesheim (Institut für Angewandte Sprachwissenschaft), course: Intercultural Communication, language: English, abstract: Intercultural communication has become more and more important in a world where everything is becoming global. Few centuries ago, only international managers or diplomats needed to think about intercultural communication and its problems.These days, not exclusively international managers but ¿ordinary¿ people from different cultures come into contact with each other. This phenomenon can be explained due to various reasons: The internet makes it possible to communicate with people from all over the word, modern technologies give people the chance to travel further and faster than ever before. Not only big firms, but also all kinds of organizations act more and more globally instead of locally. The European Union allows people to move to other European countries, to work and to live there.We live in a multicultural society with various cultures. Intercultural communication has become a theme which concerns everybody and which will even become more and more important in our world of globalization where people from all over the world come together and get in contact with each other every day.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,8, The University of Sydney, language: English, abstract: With the 18.04.1951 ratified Schuman-Plan, one of the most important Contracts in European Integration has become valid. The European coal and steel community (ECSC) is overall seen as the first Milestone for the today known European Union (EU). This community was the first step towards the present European parliament, European commission, and the European court of justice.But there is the question, seen from the present point of view, if the Schuman-Plan was the birth of the European supranational community. Was this contract signed by the six nations out of idealistic goals, without any self-interest reasons to create a peaceful Europe This question is admittedly very hard on the six nations that officially had idealistic reasons when they signed the ECSC Contract. But i will show that this project of a unified Europe was not Jean Monnet¿s only goal as it is stated in some present perspectives.On the next pages i will focus on the reasons why the war opponents Germany, France and the other nations were willing the take on this project together.Quoting Kipping¿s Work on the Schuman-Plan it is not certain if the plan was motivated more by economic or political reasons. Also it is disputed who the plan was developed by. On one side it is believed that all this was pressured by Jean Monnet and France. A different scenario states that the USA Interest was the empowerment of Germany, and that this was the real pressure behind the Schumann-Plan. A third one is a mix between the first two which states that the USA pressured the nations, but never directly intervened.Along with the controversy above, it is still unsure if peace or economic interests were the reasons for the teamwork of the six nations. At the beginning researchers believed that the main reasons were political and indirectly economical.At the beginning Schumann underlined the great security-political importance of the ECSC, as it stands for a unified Europe and reduced the risk of Germany going its own way in an unknown future. The economic interests by the nations developed later according to Kippings.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political Economics, grade: 72, Stellenbosch Universitiy, course: Comparative Political Economy, language: English, abstract: Immanuel Wallerstein¿s Modern World-System theory is a structural approach to analyse social change. In response to the liberal theory, which differentiated three social spheres (the market, the state, and the civil society) operating according to different logics, Modern World-System theory states that politics and economics cannot be viewed as distinct social spheres, they are two interrelated fields of study (Wallerstein, 2004). Wallerstein sees underdevelopment and development, the status of states in our 'globalized' world today, not in the responsibility within the countries themselves, but as a consequence of historical capitalism and the interstate system. Thereby, he regards internal and external factors which describe why the world is how it is today.This essay will give a short overview about the Modern World-System theory and clarify why the pursuit of profits and power are one and markets are politically structured and maintained. Afterwards, I state the advantages and the disadvantages of Modern World-System theory and finish with a conclusion.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Western Europe, grade: A/1.0/1st mark, University of London, language: English, abstract: Conventionally, social cleavages have been widely accepted as the prime determinant in the voting behaviour of electors in the western world. In largely religious countries Christianity was seen as main factor of people¿s voting pattern, whereas in secular western countries social class was regarded as the strongest influence. However, in recent decades the prediction of electoral behaviour has become more and more problematic, as religious faith has declined and the traditional contrast of social classes began to be more difficult to distinguish. This essay will examine the impact of religion and social class as well as the increasing influx of ultra-right parties and influence of the growing number of ethnic minorities on voting behaviour in Germany and France, and will attempt to demonstrate that despite the former importance of religion and the changes of society during the post-war period, the fundamental influence on voting behaviour is social class in both countries.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Western Europe, grade: 1.0 / A / 1st mark, King`s College London, course: Themes & Issues in British Politics since 1945, language: English, abstract: To many the term ¿Northern Ireland¿ is a synonym for violence and hatred, reminding us of the bloody ¿Troubles¿ that dominated the country for over 30 years and of the 3700 people who lost their life during this time. The fact that the communities are divided by their confession suggests that the ¿Troubles¿ were animated by religious frictions, and indeed, religion is generally put forward as a reason. However, on closer inspection, it appears that this stereo-typical view pushes other explanations into the background although these are essential to grasp the origins of the conflict as a whole. This essay will examine the historical, political, economic and religious aspects as well as the relation of the two communities and will attempt to demonstrate that a range of social and economic seemingly insuperable divisions between the two groups, combined with the deprivation of the country might have been a perfect ¿breeding ground¿ for prejudice and fear of the other group, factors which were then expressed by severe violence during the ¿Troubles¿.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Sociology - Religion, grade: 5 (Erasmus), which is escellent, University of Wroclaw, course: Languages and Nations in East-Central Europe in the 21st Century, language: English, abstract: If one concerns oneself in Polish and Eastern European minorities and if one looks at the numbers of different minority groups, one group at the end of the list catches ones eye: The Karaim, or Karaites. This minority group exists, depending on the source, of only 40-50 people. The name differs, in some sources they are called Karaim, in others Karaites. In the following chapters I will call them Karaim, as I found out during my research, that they call themselves Karaim or in Eastern Europe also Qaray. Moreover, Karaim is also closer to its origin, but more about this in one of the following chapters. Polands Karaims had since centuries disliked to be called Karaites, as it meant 'black dog¿. Very special is the Karaim's religion, Judaism as they are ethnically turksPoland is a ethnically most homogenious state, which was not always so in Poland¿ s history. Poles are with 99,3 % the Majority. The different Minorities in Poland are, according to the 2002 census: Among ethnic groups Silesians and Germans are the largest minorities, 172.6 thousand of Polish citizens declare Silesian national identity and 147.1 thousand, German. The third and the fourth linguistic minorities are, respectively, Belorussians, 47.6 thousand, and Ukrainians, 27.2 thousand. The Gypsies appear in fifth position with 12.7 thousand. They are followed by the historical minorities which number from 5 to 10 thousand people: Ruthenians/Lemkos- 5.8 thousand, Lithuanians ¿ 5.6 thousand, and Kashbus ¿ 5.1 thousand. Next there are minor communities like Russians ¿ 3.2 thousand, Slovaks (1.7 thousand), Jews (1.1 thousand), Tartars (0.5 thousand), Czechs (0.4 thousand), Armenians (0.3 thousand) and in last place the Karaim with only 50. At this point I must add, that other sources mention other numbers. Some only 40, others 150.Karaim Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture, and rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i.e. required religious practice). The word Karaim comes from the Hebrew word ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ (Q¿raim), meaning 'Readers (of Scripture)'. This name was chosen by the adherents of Karaim Judaism to distinguish themselves from the adherents of Rabbinic Judaism.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Communications - Public Relations, Advertising, Marketing, Social Media, grade: 1, University of Auckland (School of Comunication Studies), course: Media Communications Research Methods, language: English, abstract: Long before the arts and public relations were literally formulated, they were already linked together. With the beginning of civilisation, visual arts were used to influence the public opinion. In ancient Egypt, impressive architecture such as statues and temples were built to represent the greatness of the ruling priests and nobles (Bates, 2002). Art was an essential element of the propaganda machines during World War II. Especially Hitler misused art to propagate his politic opinion amongst the public. Today, a vast range of companies use art in order to receive (hopefully) positive media coverage, e.g. Telecom New Zealand is sponsor of the New Zealand International Arts Festival, the City Gallery in Wellington and the Auckland Philharmonia, and initiator of the Telecom New Zealand International Film Festivals, the White Pages Arts Award and the IHC Telecom Art Award. However, the connection between public relations and the arts must also be seen from another point of view. In terms of arts marketing, the arts can benefit from public relations. What are the benefits for artists and arts organisations, and how can they use public relations in order to promote their products Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, American University of Beirut, course: International Conflicts and Conflict Resolution, language: English, abstract: The incentive for the topic of integration derived from the personal experience of coping with the forces of integration in Germany and the rise of the matter of integration to a salient part of the domestic agenda of Western European states and the US as well as countries like New Zealand and Australia. Whether the author considers himself as a success story of smooth integration into German society shall not be debated here. With stagnant or even declining birth rates in the above mentioned countries, the inevitable presence of considerably high percentages of immigrants and their children and, probably most importantly, with the international program to promote the unity of the human race , Western politicians, ¿native¿ societies and immigrants together must reconsider the principles of integration, national identity and citizenship as indicators of a national community. Surely, this exposes the antagonists of this process to serious challenges and changes. Any idea of blood-and-soil identity cannot be upheld anymore, neither by the host-society nor by any immigrant community, and the legal access to full citizenship must be granted by the state. The transition from ¿guest¿ to ¿citizen¿ is not impossible nor a horribly difficult adventure; it can be achieved with a deliberate and genuine effort and collaboration by all three important parts of society. Thus, this paper argues that there is indeed a ¿digestible¿ form of integration that will rule out the breeding of conflict by availability of positive identification with the host society.On a general note, in all discussions about integration and identity, one should remember the problem of the ¿softness¿ of this phenomenon. A widespread problem for any field of humanities is that we cannot hold our research objects in our hands. By trying to do so, we materialize them in language, spoken or typed, and hence, force it into boundaries that deform its natural state of being in society. The intricate encounters in daily discussions which form public opinion about integration and immigration cannot be handled here. We should just be aware that there are influential forces within society that dominate a certain type of thinking, no matter positive or negative towards integration of immigrants. To filter out which phenomena contribute to which attitude is not the goal of this paper .Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2001 in the subject Russian / Slavic Languages, grade: 75 (A), University of Canterbury (School of European Culture and Languages), course: Seminar, language: English, abstract: Most of the fairy tales that we find in the Afanas¿ev collection are both strange and familiar at the same time. They are familiar, because many of the Russian fairy tales are in fact renderings of stories we already know e.g. from the Brothers Grimm. Here too, the famous Cinderella theme and stories similar to The Magic Table, The Gold-Donkey, And Cudgel in the Sack1 or The Golden Bird are very popular. There are indeed, very few plots that are not reminiscent of Western fairy tales. Why exactly this is the case is unknown. It may be that the stories travelled or that they were taken up into the Russian folklore after the Grimms¿ had published their stories in Germany.Yet, the Russian fairy stories are by no means just copies. Russian folklore has a long history and through being narrated within a different culture every story is shaped differently and is adapted to its new surroundings.Therefore the best way to find out what the distinctive qualities of Russian fairytales are, is to read as many Russian tales as possible and to compare them to the versions we know in order to find out, what it is that is typical and unique to the Russian tales. When we have found this quintessential difference, we shall have found what makes them ¿strange¿.To find out, we need to look at what are perhaps the four most important aspects of any story: its ¿Themes and Content¿, how these are illustrated with ¿Motifs¿ and how ¿Narrative Structure¿ and ¿Language¿ are used.Themes and Afanasiev¿s recordings include a large variety of folk narrative. Apart from fairy tales there are fables, poems, songs, moral teachings, anecdotes and jokes, but here I will only look at those stories, which can be easily defined as true fairy tales. By this, I mean those tales, which are relatively long (they fulfil more than just one or two proppian functions) and tell of animals as well as humans.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7, Humboldt-University of Berlin (Anglistik /Amerikanisitik), course: Expressionism and theatre of the absurd, language: English, abstract: It seems that the Theatre of the Absurd is not considered as civil theatre and that means that there must be big differences between the drama we know from Shakespeare or other famous authors and the work of Beckett and his companions. This work is going to define the differences between a classic drama (a comedy) and a modern drama (theatre of the absurd) and it will make them clear using examples from both ¿The Importance of Being Earnest¿ and ¿The Birthday Party¿ written by Oscar Wilde and Harold Pinter, respectively.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Philosophy - Philosophy of the 17th and 18th Centuries, grade: A (1,3), University of Auckland (Department of Philosophy), course: Lecutre, language: English, abstract: ¿Quid est veritas ¿ It was not a philosopher who asked this important question. Pontius Pilatus, a roman prefect inquired one of the most important questions in philosophy. For Plato, a sentence is true if it says from whom it exists, that it exists. After Aristotle something becomes true not because we are thinking about it, we are thinking about it because it is true. For Augustine truth is, ¿quod ita est, ut videtur¿(De vera relig. 36). The truth is eternal, timeless, non versatile and absolute. In the Scholastic, philosophers defined the truth as: adaequatio rerum et intellectuum. In the summa contra gentiles (I, 59.), Thomas Aquinas tells us : ¿Veritas intellectus est adaequatio intellectus et rei, secundum quod intellectus dicit esse quod est, vel non esse quod non est.¿ For Descartes, the eternal truths of the mathematicians are given us by God, the truths are timeless and absolute but they can not exist outside our thoughts: ¿Aeternas veritates - nullam existentiam extra cogitationem nostram habentes¿ (Pr.ph. I, 48). Leibnitz tells us that the truth exists out of correspondence between the propositions with the things. The truth for Kant is a correspondence among the thoughts which correspond with the regulars of the mind. The eternal truth is turned into an a priority judgment. Now, we can not talk anymore of adaequatio rerum et intellectum, because the thing in itself can not be perceived anymore. Kant drew out the limits of our mind and because of this we can not have a knowledge of the absolute truth. Goethe now gives us a relative point of view: everyone can have his own truth: ¿Kenne ich mein Verhältnis zu mir selbst und zur Außenwelt, so heiße ich's Wahrheit. Und so kann jeder seine eigene Wahrheit haben, und es ist doch immer dieselbige¿( WW. XIX, 53). Since Kant, the knowledge of the absolute truth is not available anymore, but there is a well known Philosopher, who wants to teach us that we can have a knowledge of the absolute truth. For Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, to seek the truth, to come to a knowledge of the absolute truth is the duty of a philosopher. In his first lecture at the University of Berlin, Hegel laments: ¿So ist das, was von jeher für das Schmählichste und Unwürdigste gegolten hat, der Erkenntnis der Wahrheit entsagen, vor unsern Zeiten zum höchsten Triumphe des Geistes erhoben worden.¿In this essay, I will try to show why Hegel believes that we can have knowledge of the absolute truth.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 1999 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, language: English, abstract: Going for a walk through a deserted alley in the city at night, watching the stars shining above, it might not seldom happen that you notice a yellow glow from behind a corner. When having curiously turned around it, perceiving a creepy loud rumbling, you spot that the glow comes from a big shining ¿M¿ floating in the air. The symbol becomes bigger and bigger the nearer you walk towards it, your pulse rises and having finally reached the ¿M¿ you open the door of the McDonald¿s restaurant and enter to have a burger to stop the rumbling of your stomach.Meanwhile, there is a McDonald¿s in every big city at nearly every corner. But where does McDonald¿s originally come from This thesis gives a summary of the history of McDonald's - one of the most widespread companies in the world.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1.0, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, course: Contemporary Scottish Drama, language: English, abstract: Discusses the different concepts of home that the characters have.They either stay and seek to preserve their home or they break out and try to find a new home somewhere else.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Dresden Technical University (Anglistik), language: English, abstract: This thesis compares several working class films such as 'Brassed Off' and 'Billy Elliot' with reference to the theoretical concept of national identity, ie. the British national identity.The analysis of such a diverse cultural term like 'identity' and its treatment in British working class related films will be the topic of this research paper. After having defined the term on its several levels, I want to show how identity is treated differently in, firstly, a popular film called 'Brassed Off' and, secondly, an independent film produced by Amber Films called 'Like Father'. Both films are set in the 1990¿s and deal with the problem of pit closure and unemployment of miners. Both films deal with the consequences of unemployment and poverty of the working class than with work per se. Concerning class consciousness, both films show people who wish to escape the constrictions of their class. Since identity is not only a question of class, gender roles are considered in both films as well. The motif of identity is shown very differently in these films. This thesis analyzes how these films represent the construction, the maintenance and the loss of identity.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Psychology - Psychology of Religion, grade: 1 (A), University of Graz (Institute for Religion pedagogy), course: Psychology of Religion, language: English, abstract: While the concept of forgiveness is known to any Christian in the world, it is new to use this concept within psychology and psychotherapy. Physicians (Phillipps and Osborne, 1989) working with cancer patients and therapists (Kaufman, 1984; Fitzgibbons, 1986; Hope, 1987) who were looking for ways to efficiently reduce anger, recognized the utility of forgiveness. Since the last 20 years some American psychologists, psychotherapists and also medical doctors researched on this subject and many studies could show the effects of forgiving an offender to either mental and physical health. The forgiveness-research is doubtlessly auch für die christliche Spiritualität und Verkündigung von Belang , because psychology can show that forgiveness is not only a matter of theological research and that there are other possible motivations to forgive than religious ones. My work will describe some of the most important psychological studies of forgiveness in relation to mental and physical health. Furthermore I will describe some questions of the Christian community faced by the fact that the central faith proclamation is matter of empirical psychological and medical research.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,3, University of Kassel, course: Britain under New Labour, language: English, abstract: At the turn of the 21st century the British system of health care is to be found in serious difficulties. Expenditure constantly grows and the medical services are not able to meet the needs of the population. Patients have to set their names on waiting lists for hospital treatments, staff is underpaid and the top-down structure of the system antiquated and inefficient. In fact, we are facing three major problems: Funding, social change and structure. Funding is almost entirely based on a tax model, combined with a certain demographic model. However during the past fifty years the population has changed, which led to a budget deficit and a dramatically worsening of the services. If there has been a high unemployment, the governmental tax income decreased. On the one hand, life expectancy increases and therefore the demand for medical support. On the other hand, the state is confronted with a declining birth-rate. Children represent the next generation of tax-payers and so the governmental tax income will decrease and the gap between financial resources and expenditure enlarges. The NHS was once founded after the Second World War as an institution of social security and justice to provide free health care for all. In former times, concerning medical supply, people were dependent on themselves, respectively on their financial status. The new model promised to be an advancement. Now the NHS is about to regress. Today, costs for certain medical services are transferred from state to citizens. The system is antiquated, a more flexible model is needed here, which resists major social changes and financial fluctuations. This implies a completely different model of funding and a structural modernisation. A general private insurance is only one alternative. An other opportunity would be the privatisation of the administrative and clinical sector.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Free University of Berlin (John F. Kennedy Institut Berlin), course: HS American Cultural Memory: Trauma, Collective Imagery and the Politics of Remembering, language: English, abstract: The text by Bessel Van der Kolk and Onno Van der Hart ¿The Intrusive Past¿ provides an overview of the work and achievement of Jean ¿ Martin Charcot¿s and Pierre Janet¿s study about how the mind processes memories and the effects of traumatic memories on consciousness.With the following text, I will present a couple of central aspects of Janet¿s study and the phenomena of dissociation and the reconstruction of the past through narrative memory and project them onto one short sequence from ¿Mementö (2001) to further support my argument. The main point of this text is to illustrate how narrative memory reshapes the past in a variety of ways and that the main character in ¿Mementö, who has lived through a traumatic experience, creates and recreates his past through the means of a combination of the already mentioned dissociation and narrative memory.Janet considered ¿the memory system as the central organizing apparatus of the mind, which categorizes and integrates all aspects of experience and automatically integrates them into ever ¿ enlarging and flexible meaning schemes.¿ He differentiates between the subconscious automatic integration of familiar and expectable experiences into existing meaning schemes and the difficult integration of frightening and novel experiences, which might either totally resist integration or be remembered extremely vivid. The subconscious integration of memories occurs because they fit easily into the meaning scheme, they do not pose a threat or form a contradiction to the already existing beliefs, values and meanings of the world.Whereas the automatic integration of new information happens without conscious attention, the narrative memory is something very deliberate and conscious. Narrative memory is not the act of remembering something that happened in the past but an act of recreating the past, of changing the memory. Janet explains this phenomena as mental constructs, ¿which people use to make sense out of experience.¿ This suggests that the individual¿s existing meaning schemes may be entirely unable to integrate a specific terrifying experience, which causes the memory to be stored differently, and therefore might not be available for the act of remembering.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1 (A), San Francisco State University (Englsih Department), course: San Francisco, language: English, abstract: HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDIn the late 1800¿s traveling to San Francisco has not been easy. By sea the city was always readily accessible, from the south, land travelers could journey uninterrupted up the peninsula that separated the Pacific from the Bay. But travelers from the north and east did not have such ready access to the city. They could turn southward when they came to the water and make the arduous two-day journey around the Bay and up the peninsula, or they could seek conveyance by water across the unpredictable and sometimes treacherous tides of San Francisco Bay.There was a ferry service provided and the boats ran on a regular, planned basis and carried tens of thousands of people across the Bay to work in the morning and returning home in the evening. However, the ferries were quite slow and unpredictable. If the seas were high ferries might not sail or at least be terribly offschedule. The tricky Bay fogs sometimes made the journey frightening and dangerous. In heavy seas and high winds, the ferryboats sometimes pitched and tossed wildly, leaving the passengers ill and terrified. The need for a bridge over the Golden Gate was obvious and many people might have wondered at that time if the narrow passageway of sea between Lime and Ford points would be ever bridged.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2000 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2 (B), University of Tubingen (English Seminar), course: Introduction to English linguistics, language: English, abstract: Perhaps the most remarkable thing about the present extract from Anthony Burgess¿ ¿A Clockwork Orange¿ is its language. Alex, the writer of the book, uses a great number of unusual words that seem to be freely invented by the author. By having a closer look at them, it can be noted that many of them have their origin in the Russian language. In this essay I will survey these unusual words and try to expose if they are phonetically, morphologically, syntactically or semantically different from ¿real¿ English words or if they could be called Anglicism according to one of the above topics. Therefore I am going to try to give a phonetic transcription of some of the new words and their corresponding Russian expressions and compare them. Then I am going to have a closer look at the word order of the present extract and try to put the new words into their corresponding syntactical categories. I will as well show how the sentences are connected and what lexical or grammatical properties make the extract coherent. In addition I am going to specify some of the Anglicism in the text and intend to explain how they are built .I also will try to make clear the thematic roles of one example sentence to facilitate its interpretation. Finally I am going to present what in my opinion could be said about the author¿s background and education, according to the text.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, University of Tubingen, course: PS II Contemporary US Drama: August Wilson, language: English, abstract: August Wilson¿s 1985 play Fences focuses on black urban life in the late 1950s and deals with intergenerational conflicts, racial issues, distress, and the search for one¿s identity and position in life. The play¿s protagonist, Troy Maxson, has been turned into a loud-mouthed, hard-hearted, and occasionally ¿crude and almost vulgar¿ (Wilson 1987, 1) oppressor as a result of the hardships of Afro-American life in the first half of the 20th century and the experiences of his youth; Troy abandoned home at the age of fourteen, after being beaten up by his sadistic father for having watched him rape a thirteen-year-old girl.This paper is intended to examine the identity politics in Fences and will focus on the conflict between Troy and his second son Cory. First, it will highlight the importance of recognition for the development of human beings according to Charles Taylor¿s theory and then show the negative effects of misrecognition and nonrecognition. Secondly, it will show the different phases of Troy¿s misrecognition in the play and analyze how this leads to a mutilation of Cory¿s personality.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Art - Architecture / History of Construction, grade: 2, University of Constance, course: , language: English, abstract: The issue of the second discussion in Darmstadt was set under the title ¿Mensch und Raum¿ (Man and Space) August 5th, 1951. The lecture, which was presented by Martin Heidegger called ¿Building ¿ Dwelling ¿ Thinking¿. This lecture will obtain the most important interest in this paper.The main intention is to understand what Martin Heidegger meant with his philosophical approach towards architecture and also trying to see what is the purpose of architecture. The art of architecture with its enigma will be enlightened or will be still a mystery. To look for hints and statements in several sources will hopefully help us to find a way or at least will let us understand.The aim towards this goal at first is to explain the most important terms, which Martin Heidegger is using. Especially with Martin Heidegger it will be important to know, what kind of language he is using and what is behind the terms he using in his descriptions. An other point which makes it important to deal with, will be the problem that we have two disciplines: philosophy and architecture, we know that the use of certain terms can be different in these cases, so similar than Martin Heidegger was doing it in his work ¿Building ¿ Dwelling ¿ Thinking¿, there will be an explanation of the important terms.The second part will deal with the explanation and the understanding of the enigma we worked on trough this paper. If it will be possible to understand or will it be to abstract to explain in such a short work.For the fact, that the lecture was presented more than 50 years ago and for an amount of time almost nobody was interested in this work, it became more and more important in the last decades, especially in the theoretical architecture, as well as in philosophy and art itself. Therefore the main resources are based on articles, writings about Martin Heidegger and his own writings.By the end we will hopefully understand the idea of ¿Building ¿ Dwelling ¿ Thinking¿ and how Martin Heidegger thought about architecture as a way of being and dwelling.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Romance Languages - Spanish Studies, grade: 1,3 (A), Kingston University London (Spanish Institute), course: Spanish Cinema, language: English, abstract: IntroductionAlmodovar¿s first three films Pepi, Luci, Bom y otras chicas del montón (1980), Laberinto de Pasiones (1982) and Entre Tinieblas (1983) can be seen as a breaking of all the taboos that were forbidden under Francös regime: there is drug use, 'abnormal' sexuality, crude language, adultery, religious blasphemy. The films clearly mirror the new freedoms enjoyed by a generation of film-makers belonging to Spain¿s ¿la movidä movement of the late 1970¿s and early 1980¿s.Born in 1951, Almodovar mainly grew up in the rural Extremadura, but left for Madrid at the age of sixteen. He originally wanted to attend the national film school, but due to the closure of the school by the Dictator Francös repressive government he was unable to go. He instead took a job at a telephone company to make the money to buy himself a Super-8 camera. Almodovar began filming short films in the early 1970s, and quickly became associated with ¿la movidä.This essay will be evaluating Almodovar¿s role as a post-modern director, including a brief demonstration of the development of the post-modern culture after Francös death. The essay is especially interested in the juxtaposition of homo- and heterosexuality in Almodovar¿s films and will evaluate the different ways in which Almodovar presents homosexuality. It will also have a close look at the mediums Almodovar uses to make his audience take his absurd film worlds for granted, and accept the happenings and characters as ¿normal¿.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Heidelberg, language: English, abstract: Emily Brontë died almost exactly one year after the publication of her novel, so she was not able to follow the course it was taking in criticism very long. Since reviewers attacked Wuthering Heights and its author, Emily¿s older sister Charlotte Brontë (1816-1855) felt urged to defend the value of the novel. She did that in her famous Editor¿s Preface to the New Edition of Wuthering Heights of 1850, but not without complaining about several aspects of the novel herself. Also, the preface could not ¿provoke any reviews which showed more complete understanding¿ .It is not easy for a modern reader to imagine what exactly in Wuthering Heights made the feelings of the reviewers run so high at the time of the first publication of the novel. Moral standards and expectations towards a work of art were quite different then from how they are today. This essay, therefore, will discuss how the novel violated the moral values of the Victorian time and aroused disgust in contemporary readers by taking a closer look at the two main characters. But first it will look at the artistic complaints of the reviewers and the expectations of the Victorian readership in order to give an impression of the ideas of the time.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Essay from the year 1999 in the subject Philosophy - Practical (Ethics, Aesthetics, Culture, Nature, Right, .), grade: none, , language: English, abstract: I. Prior attempts at sub-dividing aesthetic conceptsII. Some preliminary questions:1. How do we use the term ¿Art¿ 2. What is the difference between ¿Art Object¿ and ¿Aesthetic Object¿ 3. If the ¿aesthetic¿ and ¿artistic¿ value of an artifact are not the same, what is their relevancy for original works OF of art and their perfect copies 4. Can Art in spite of its dependency on the ¿Art World¿ and on its recipients, contain generally valid meaning III. The central concepts ¿aesthetic - artistic - beautiful¿IV. Intersections of the central conceptsV. The nomenclature of Aesthetic Qualities, Experiences, and ObjectsVI. Summary in the form of suggestions(In: Acta Humanistica, Humanities S. No. 26, March 1999, 203-222)BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Córdoba, language: English, abstract: Latin has always had a major influence on the English lexicon, from the Germanic period ¿ even during the continental era, before the Germanics reached the British Isles - until today. It has also been the first and most consistent of the many languages English has borrowed from, during its gradual development into what we nowadays know as ¿English¿. More than 300 words have even ¿survived¿ into Modern English in their original Latin form, words such as actor, labor, elevator and vertigo.The accent of this paper, which will explore the respective loans English made in its various historical periods, will be on Old English, as it can most interestingly be divided into three periods of borrowing from Latin, the third of which, according to Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable, ¿marks the real beginning of the English habit to freely incorporate foreign elements into its vocabulary.¿BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, Bielefeld University, course: British Utopian Literature, language: English, abstract: In this term paper, More's living circumstances, thus the origins of his Utopia, are outlined in the first chapter. The reception of Utopia in More's times is discussed subsequently. It is concluded that More produced an intelligent indirect critique of England and Europe in his lifetime. More might have done this to stimulate the reader¿s vision as well as to escape censorship. However, More¿s life is a contradictory one, and I will infer that every reader has to make up his own thoughts on this book which contains a revolutionary body of thought.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 1,7, Technical University of Chemnitz, course: Methoden der Inflationsmessung, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to give the reader an understanding of Brachingers new developed theory of perceived inflation. Additionally, Brachingers new developed Index of Perceived Inflation is introduced analyzed and critically reviewed. Therefore the term paper is structured as followed:To understand the basic underlying of Brachingers theory, it is necessary to refer to the Prospect Theory, developed by Kahneman and Tversky in 1979. The main focus from Prospect theory is laid on its assumptions. In detail, the first section starts with a brief thought experiment. Afterwards the concept of reference dependency and loss aversion will be introduced. The second part of this paper deals with Brachingers work on the theory as well as on the Index of Perceived Inflation. It is shown how Brachinger derived his index from the general Laspeyres formula by adjusting for several restrictions from the Prospect theory. This chapter closes by presenting Brachingers results of perceived inflation for Germany in comparison to the actual rate of inflation after the currency changeover. The last part of this work deals with the criticism on Brachingers new developed theory. In particular, it is shown that Brachingers assumptions and simplifications are inappropriate to fully explain the phenomenon of perceived inflation. Moreover, it is illustrated that Brachingers results are inconsistent with empirical results. Finally, the paper ends up with alternative explanations which are probably capable to explain the inflation as perceived. Lastly, a conclusion is drawn which will sum up the results and the ability whether perceived inflation is revealed or not.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A-, University of Applied Sciences Essen, course: Financial Management, language: English, abstract: The assignment 'Corporate governance' starts with the introduction which includes the executive summary and the scope of work that is realized in here.The second chapter deals with a detailed definition of the problem that causes the relevance of this assignment, the determination of the objectives as well as the methodology that describes the assignment¿s structured procedure.Chapter three is focused on the basics and relevant theory of corporate governance. At this juncture in particular the principal agent, the transaction cost and the property rights theory according to corporate governance are being analyzed.Chapter four is about modern methods and concepts for managing corporate governance issues. A practical case about the Dutch company Heineken that has realized a management concept for corporate governance successfully is examined in chapter four.Finally, the results of this assignment are summarized; especially whether the set objectives are reached as well as critical comments about the assignment are given in the last chapter. Furthermore, an outlook about possible future effects of applied corporate governance systems is provided.The purpose of this assignment is to provide further research insight on a topic, which still has not yet reached saturation in terms of analysis and understanding even though there is a voluminous literature on corporate governance issues.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.