submarine cable system (4 Ergebnisse)

Original colour lithographed map of the world (45.5 x 99 cm) backed onto linen and folding between original red cloth boards with gilt lettering and marbled endpapers. Submarine cables are shown in red. Light sunning to cloth covers, map generally in excellent condition. In 1872 the Eastern Telegraph Co. (ETC) was created by John Pender through the amalgamation and reorganisation of several companies. It was to become the largest cable operating company in the world and at its peak it operated 160,000 nautical miles of cables (Grace's Guide to British Industrial History). In 1925 a method of regenerating submarine telegraph signals automatically came into use which led to large scale redundancies amongst operators at the various relay stations throughout the network. This enabled the company to reduce costs; however, the benefit was short lived. When the short wave 'Beam' system developed by Marconi, and operated by the GPO, came into service during 1926-27 the E&A found itself with serious problems. Within six months of the service (known as Empiradio) opening, it took away 65% of the Eastern and Eastern Extension social traffic, resulting in considerable loss of profit. They were not the only ones to suffer, the Pacific cable also lost a considerable amount of traffic, a case of a government owned cable system losing business to a government owned wireless telegraph system. Consequently at the end of 1927, the Chairman of the group, Sir John Denison Pender, approached the Government of the day to ask for help. The alternative was to liquidate the group and pay out the shareholders. Negotiations took place between the cable companies, Marconi's company and the Government. The outcome was a merger of the two. On the 8th of April 1929 the new operating company Imperial & International Communications Ltd. And the holding company Cables & Wireless Ltd., came into being.

New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1957. 8vo. Original full green cloth, bound with the original blue wrappers. Volume 36, 1957 of "The Bell System Technical Journal". Library stamp to pasted down front free end-paper. Minor bumping to extremities. A nice and clean copy. [Entire issue:] 20, 1513 pp. First edition of the first technical description of the TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system. The 2,240-mile cable was laid by the cableship Monarch and ran from Gallanach Bay, near Oban in Argyll, to Clarenville, Canada. The initial capacity was 36 calls at a time at a price per call of $12 for the first three minutes. Since trans-Atlantic service opened in 1927, calls had traveled across the ocean via radio waves. But cables provide much higher signal quality, avoid atmospheric interference and offer greater capacity and security."The papers that follow describe the design, manufacture and installation of the first transatlantic telephone cable system with all its component parts, including the connection microwave radio-relay system in Nova Scotia." (From the introduction to the present papers)."Years of development led up to 1956 when the first transatlantic telephone cable system started carrying calls" this is an interesting story in itself. Two coaxial cables about 20 miles apart carried 36 two-way circuits. Nearly 50 sophisticated repeaters were spaced from 10 to 40 miles along the way. Each vacuum tube repeater contained 5,000 parts and cost almost $100,000." (Petruzzellis, Thomas. Telephone Projects for the Evil Genius, 2008, p. 4). The electronic repeaters, the devices that held together the many separate cables, were designed by the Bell Telephone Laboratories. In terms of reliable operation, the most critical component of the system was the repeater. These devices, spaced at intervals of 37.5 nautical miles along the cable, compensated for loss. The repeaters were of a unique flexible design, which allowed them to be handled in the same manner as cable.TAT-1 carried the Moscow-Washington hotline between the American and Soviet heads of state.Other papers of interest contained in the present volume:1. Kelly, Dr. Mervin J." Radley, Sir Gordon. Transatlantic Communications - An Historical Resume. Pp. 1-5.2. Mottram, E.T. Halsey, R.J. Emling, J.W. Griffith, R.G. Transatlantic Telephone Cable System - Planning and Over-All Performance. Pp. 7-27.3. Lewis, H.A. Tucker, R.S. Lovell, G.H. Fraser, J. M. System Design for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 29-68.4. Gleichmann, T.F. Lince, A.H. Wooley, M.C. Braga, F.J. Repeater Design for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 69-101. 5. Lamb, H.A. Heffner, W.W. Repeater Production for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 103-138. 6. Meszaros, G.W. Spencer, H.H. Power Feed Equipment for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 139-162.7. McNally, J.O. Metson, G.H. Veazie, E.A. Holmes, M.F. Electron Tubes for the Transatlantic Cable System. Pp. 163-188.8. Lebert, A.W. Fischer, H.B. Biskeborn, M.C. Cable Design and Manufacture for the Transatlantic Submarine Cable System. Pp. 189-216.9. Halsey, R.J. Bampton, J.F. System Design for the Newfoundland-Nova Scotia Link. Pp. 217-244.10. Brockbank, R.A. Walker, D.C. Welsby, V.G. Repeater Design for the Newfoundland-Nova Scotia Link. Pp. 245-276.11. Thomas, J.F.P. Kelly, R. Power-Feed System for the Newfoundland-Nova Scotia Link. Pp. 277-292.12. Jack, J.S. Leech, Capt. W.H. Lewis, H.A. Route Selection and Cable Laying for the Transatlantic Cable System. Pp. 293-326.And many other.

(New York), American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1964. 8vo. Volume XLIII, September, No. 4, Part 1 and 2, 1964 of "The Bell System Technical Journal". In the original printed blue wrappers. Previous owner's stamp to front wrapper, and very light brownspotting to spine, otherwise a near mint copy. Pp. 1155-1479 + two folded plates, one loosely inserted. First publication of AT&T's first submarine telephone cable across the pacific. It went from Japan to Hawaii, where it connected to two cables linking Hawaii with the mainland. This brought the same improvements to trans-Pacific service that the TAT-1 had brought to trans-Atlantic service in 1956. (See link below). Since the trans-Atlantic service opened in 1927, calls had traveled across the ocean via radio waves. But cables provide much higher signal quality, avoid atmospheric interference and offer greater capacity and security.Due to uncertainties in global politics, the economic involvement by the US government in the project was minimal. Papers contained in the present issue:1. Ehrbar, R.D." Fraser, J.M. Kelley, R.A. Morris, L.H. Mottram, E.T. Rounds, P.W. The SD Submarine Cable System. Pp. 1155-1184.2. Bowker, M.W. Nutt, W.G. Riley, R.M. Design of Armorless Ocean Cable. Pp. 1185-1208.3. Lerch, B.W. Phelps, J.W.Armorless Cable Manufacture. Pp. 1209-1242.4. Brewer, S.T. Dickinson, F.R. Von Roesgen, C.A. Repeaters and Equalizers for the SD Submarine Cable System. Pp. 1243-1273.5. Johansson, S.G.Manufacture of Rigid Repeaters and Ocean-Block Equalizers. Pp. 1275-1310.6. Holdaway, V.L. Van Haste, W. Walsh, E.J. Electron Tubes for the SD Submarine Cable System. Pp. 1311-1338.7. Bishop, J.D. Mottel, S.Cable Power Facility. Pp. 1339-1366.8. Ehrbar, R.D. A Cable Laying Facility. Pp. 1367-1372.9. Grismore, O.D.Cable and Repeater Handling System. Pp. 1373-1394.10. Gretter, R.W.Cable Payout System. Pp. 1395-1434.11. Butler, J.H. Altenburg, C.J. McSweeney, R.J." Sutton, L.E. Design and Powering of Cable Ship "Long Lines". Pp. 1435-1459.

New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1957. 8vo. Volume 36, 1957 of "The Bell System Technical Journal". In the original printed blue wrappers. Sunning to spine, and very minor spotting to wrappers. Internally near mint. 348 pp. First edition of the first technical description of the TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system. The 2,240-mile cable was laid by the cableship Monarch and ran from Gallanach Bay, near Oban in Argyll, to Clarenville, Canada."The papers that follow describe the design, manufacture and installation of the first transatlantic telephone cable system with all its component parts, including the connection microwave radio-relay system in Nova Scotia." (From the introduction to the present volume)."Years of development led up to 1956 when the first transatlantic telephone cable system started carrying calls" this is an interesting story in itself. Two coaxial cables about 20 miles apart carried 36 two-way circuits. Nearly 50 sophisticated repeaters were spaced from 10 to 40 miles along the way. Each vacuum tube repeater contained 5,000 parts and cost almost $100,000." (Petruzzellis, Thomas. Telephone Projects for the Evil Genius, 2008, p. 4). The electronic repeaters, the devices that held together the many separate cables, were designed by the Bell Telephone Laboratories. In terms of reliable operation, the most critical component of the system was the repeater. These devices, spaced at intervals of 37.5 nautical miles along the cable, compensated for loss. The repeaters were of a unique flexible design, which allowed them to be handled in the same manner as cable.TAT-1 carried the Moscow-Washington hotline between the American and Soviet heads of state.Other papers of interest contained in the present volume:1. Kelly, Dr. Mervin J." Radley, Sir Gordon. Transatlantic Communications - An Historical Resume. Pp. 1-5.2. Mottram, E.T. Halsey, R.J. Emling, J.W. Griffith, R.G. Transatlantic Telephone Cable System - Planning and Over-All Performance. Pp. 7-27.3. Lewis, H.A. Tucker, R.S. Lovell, G.H. Fraser, J. M. System Design for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 29-68.4. Gleichmann, T.F. Lince, A.H. Wooley, M.C. Braga, F.J. Repeater Design for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 69-101. 5. Lamb, H.A. Heffner, W.W. Repeater Production for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 103-138. 6. Meszaros, G.W. Spencer, H.H. Power Feed Equipment for the North Atlantic Link. Pp. 139-162.7. McNally, J.O. Metson, G.H. Veazie, E.A. Holmes, M.F. Electron Tubes for the Transatlantic Cable System. Pp. 163-188.8. Lebert, A.W. Fischer, H.B. Biskeborn, M.C. Cable Design and Manufacture for the Transatlantic Submarine Cable System. Pp. 189-216.9. Halsey, R.J. Bampton, J.F. System Design for the Newfoundland-Nova Scotia Link. Pp. 217-244.10. Brockbank, R.A. Walker, D.C. Welsby, V.G. Repeater Design for the Newfoundland-Nova Scotia Link. Pp. 245-276.11. Thomas, J.F.P. Kelly, R. Power-Feed System for the Newfoundland-Nova Scotia Link. Pp. 277-292.12. Jack, J.S. Leech, Capt. W.H. Lewis, H.A. Route Selection and Cable Laying for the Transatlantic Cable System. Pp. 293-326.