Zustand: Very Good. Very Good condition. (Collections, Auction, Auction Catalog) A copy that may have a few cosmetic defects. May also contain light spine creasing or a few markings such as an owner's name, short gifter's inscription or light stamp. Bundled media such as CDs, DVDs, floppy disks or access codes may not be included.
Anbieter: Revaluation Books, Exeter, Vereinigtes Königreich
EUR 47,22
Anzahl: 1 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbPaperback. Zustand: Brand New. illustrated edition. 96 pages. 11.00x8.50x0.25 inches. In Stock.
Verlag: New York: Sotheby's., 1987
Anbieter: Wittenborn Art Books, San Francisco, CA, USA
Zustand: Good. Catalogue for sale held October 23, 1987. 8vo. [32] pp., illus. Seven lots. Very good in wraps.
Anbieter: preigu, Osnabrück, Deutschland
Buch. Zustand: Neu. Worlds of Learning | The Library and World Chronicle of the Nuremberg Physician Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514) | Bayerische Staatsbibliothek | Buch | 168 S. | Deutsch | 2015 | BUCH & media | EAN 9783869067575 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Allitera bei Buch & Media GmbH, Ruffinistr. 21, 80637 München, info[at]buchmedia[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: BUCH & Media, Allitera Verlag, 2015
ISBN 10: 3869067578 ISBN 13: 9783869067575
Anbieter: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, Deutschland
Buch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - The Nuremberg physician Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514) is known mainly as the compiler of the World Chronicle which was published by Anton Koberger in a Latin and German version in 1493. The Chronicle is the most lavishly illustrated book printed in the 15th century, famous particularly for the views of European towns it contains. In contrast, the Chronicle'stext has received only scant attention. Hartmann Schedel compiled it from a large variety of sources that he had assembled over decades in the course of his studies and professional career, which took him to the universities of Leipzig and Padua before he finally settled in his home town of Nuremberg for the rest of his life.This book accompanies an exhibition shown on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Hartmann Schedel's death at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich, where the largest part of the learned doctor's library has been preserved since 1571. Some 40 manuscripts and early printed books are presented. Schedel's book collection is one of the very rare examplesof a late mediaeval private library to have survived the centuries in an unusually complete state. It spans a wide range of subjects, beginning with university textbooks on the arts and on medicine which Schedel copied by hand, and includes a large number of early printed books produced by German and Italian presses. Schedel was interested in nearly all subjects:rhetoric, astronomy, philosophy, classical and humanist literature, historiography, geography and cosmography, medicine, law, theology. He enhanced his books with painted and printed images and stored letters and other documents in them. Some of his manuscripts contain autobiographical information, as well as portraits, inventories of property and a travel diary. There is hardly another fifteenth-century author about whom we know so many private details. Through his unique manuscripts and rare incunables, Schedel springs to life for us as a person.
Hardcover. Zustand: Fine. 4to (28 cm), 168 pp. Publisher's laminated boards (bookplate and collector's blind stamp on the title). "Among the private collections of books which form part of the holdings of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich, the library of the Nuremberg physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514) takes pride of place. It is not only the largest surviving private library from the medieval Germany, but also the oldest book collection of private owner which entered the Court library in Munich in its entirety." (from the preface). Illustrated catalogue of the exhibition held in Munich 19 November 2014 - 1 March 2015.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: BRUSSEL & BRUSSEL INC
Anbieter: Happyfish Books, Meopham, KENT, Vereinigtes Königreich
EUR 53,75
Anzahl: 1 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbHardcover. Zustand: Fair. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: Poor. * PUBLISHER : BRUSSEL & BRUSSEL INC * YEAR : UNDATED * ISBN : N/A * No OF PAGES : UNPAGENATED * CONDITION : USED - GOOD/ACCEPTABLE * OTHER: THE DUSTWRAPPER IS HEAVILY WORN WITH CREASING, RIPS AND SOME SMALL PORTIONS MISSING. THE CREAM CLOTH COVERED BOARDS ARE CLEAN WITH SOME BRIGHT LETTERING ON THE SPINE. THE BINDING IS FIRM. THE PAGES GENERALLY APPEAR CLEAN AND CREASE FREE, WITH SOME TANNING. ALL IN ALL A NICE EXAMPLE OF THIS BOOK. PLEASE NOTE THAT DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF THIS BOOK THERE WILL BE AN ADDITIONAL SHIPPING CHARGE.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: Taschen, Köln, London, Madrid, New York, Paris, Tokyo, 2001
ISBN 10: 3822812951 ISBN 13: 9783822812952
Anbieter: Emile Kerssemakers ILAB, Heerlen, Niederlande
34.5 x 25 cm. Brown velvet hardcover, padded and with gilt stamped text. 680 pages, many colour ill. Small traces of tape/ removed tape on endpapers but hardly visible, still in fine condition, see picture. This reprint of the Nuremberg Chronicle is based on the original edition held by the Stiftung Weimarer Klassik / Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek (Sign. Inc. 119) with the kind permission of the said foundation and Edition Libri Illustri, Ludwigsburg. (In case you don't read Old German, the comprehensive annex, with summaries of the book's main stories, provides a user-friendly way to explore this amazing historical masterpiece). 3560g.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: Amsterdam, Nico Israel. 1993, 1976
ISBN 10: 9060728149 ISBN 13: 9789060728147
Anbieter: Antiquariaat Schot, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Niederlande
Original publisher's gray cloth hardback, white lettering spine, white illustration frontcover, pictorial dustjacket, folio: illustrated red-brown endpapers, 256pp., [ij], introductory essay with illustrations & bibliography [in English], very richly illustrated, captions, general bibliography [in English], English colophon, Japanese colophon. Very fine copy - as new. In firm slipcase.,
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: Amsterdam, Nico Israel, 1976
Anbieter: St. Jürgen Antiquariat, Lübeck, Deutschland
Zustand: Gut. 253 S. mit zahlr. Abb. -Zap2- ( guter Zustand, Schutzumschlag fleckig) Mit gedruckter Widmung "Für Hermann und Gudrun Zapf". Aus der Bibliothek von Hermann Zapf und Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. [Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse, geborene von Hesse (* 2. Januar 1918 in Schwerin; 13. Dezember 2019 in Darmstadt), war eine international bekannte deutsche Typografin und Buchbinderin. Von 1951 bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 2015 war sie mit Hermann Zapf verheiratet. Hermann Zapf (* 8. November 1918 in Nürnberg; 4. Juni 2015 in Darmstadt) war ein deutscher Typograf, der als Designer für Buch- und Schriftgrafik vor allem als Schriftdesigner und Kalligraf tätig war. Insgesamt entwarf Zapf in seinem Berufsleben über 200 Druckschriften. (Wikipedia, Abruf am 9.2.2026)] Ich versende mit der Deutschen Post (Büchersendung) und der DHL (Pakete). Die Lieferzeit ist abhängig von der Versandart und beträgt innerhalb Deutschlands 3-5 Tage, in der EU 5 - 14 Tage. Sprache: Englisch Gewicht in Gramm: 1900 Grauer O-Leineneinband mit OU. 35 x 25 cm.
Anbieter: Riverby Books (DC Inventory), Fredericksburg, VA, USA
hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. Oversized hardcover. Bound in soft, pale brown cloth with gold lettering across covers and along spine. A few very faint scuffs to covers, likely due to shelf wear. Covers are otherwise clean and neat. Binding is tight and secure. Pages are clean, crisp, and bright. Images are printed in full color, beautifully illustrated endpapers. Taschen. Copyright dated 2001. A very nice copy. This is an oversized book, so extra shipping will be necessary for priority or international shipping. We ship everyday from a real neighborhood bookstore. This description is written by an actual person, who is holding the book in front of them to make sure it?s properly described. Please contact us with questions or if you would like to see photographs.
Hardcover. Zustand: Near Fine. Folio (35 cm), 256 pp. Publisher's cloth and dust jacket (minor shelf-wear) "This is the first work in English on the entire production of an early illustrated book. The survival of page by page layouts for a book of the incunabula period, as well as the original contracts for its illustration,for its printing and for the allotment of profits and unsold books is unique to the Nuremberg Chronicle of 1493. Furthermore, the astonishing discovery in 1972 of preliminary woodcut drawings and layouts reveals the first steps in how the book was planned. 'The Making of the Nuremberg Chronicle', which gathers into one volume all these factors, is a landmark in the study of incunabula." (from the blurb).
Zustand: Very good.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: NICO ISRAEL, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1978
ISBN 10: 9060728149 ISBN 13: 9789060728147
Anbieter: Second Story Books, ABAA, Rockville, MD, USA
Erstausgabe Signiert
Hardcover. First Edition, Second Printing. Tall quarto, 255 pages. In Very Good condition with Very Good minus condition dust jacket. Spine is beige with black lettering. Dust jacket has mild soiling and staining along head of front cover, an open chip along the front head joint, small tears along tail edges and corners, and a 1 in. closed tear along the rear head edge. Boards fully bound in charcoal cloth with mild shelving wear along spine head. Mild bending wear along tail fore corner of front free endpaper. Contains a letter from Adrian Wilson [Author] to William Gardiner, signed in his hand, bound with adhesive to the front free endpaper verso. Between the front endpapers are two letters of correspondence between Wilson and Gardiner: a carbon copy of Gardiner's letter to Wilson and Wilson's reply, written entirely in his hand. Shelved in Rm. A. The Nuremberg Chronicle (also known as the "Liber Chronicarum") "is, after the Gutenberg Bible, probably the most celebrated of early printed books. It is a compendium of history, geography and the wonders of the world as viewed from medieval Nuremberg, with some 1800 illustrations provided by the multiple use, for different subjects, of 645 beautiful woodblocks." (n.b., quote from "The Nuremberg Chronicle Designs" by Adrian Wilson, printed for The Roxburghe Club of San Francisco and the Zamorano Club of Los Angeles, 1969). Wilson became renowned for his printing and book design work at his San Francisco printing operation, The Press at Tuscany Valley, throughout the 1960s and 70s. In 1967, he released influential title in the genre of Books on Books, THE DESIGN OF BOOKS. Book making perforated the entirety of Wilson's life. With the help and interest of his wife, Joyce Lancaster Wilson, Wilson invested his attention in studying the entire production process of THE NUREMBERG CHRONICLE, the first known book to include a rudimentary map of Europe, a plethora of woodcuts, and a history of the world beginning at creation. The book that came out of it, Wilson's THE MAKING OF THE NUREMBERG CHRONICLE, is an astute and thorough study on one of the earliest examples of exemplary book making. This particular copy includes correspondence between William Gardiner, an English author, and Adrian Wilson. 1395292. Special Collections.
Verlag: Brussel & Brussel, New York, 1966
Anbieter: Second Story Books, ABAA, Rockville, MD, USA
Hardcover. Quarto, 236 pages. In Very Good minus condition with a Good minus dust jacket. Spine is white with red print, illustration. Dust jacket has edgewear with small tears at spine ends and flap corners. Price unclipped: "$29.95". Boards in white cloth. Light wear to spine caps. Illustrated: b&w. Publishing information from dust jacket. Facsimile of Buch der Chroniken, 1493, Nuremberg, Anthon Koberger. Text in German, gothic font. [Oversized book(s). Additional postage necessary for expedited/international orders. Economy International shipping unavailable due to size/weight restrictions. For international/expedited customers, please inquire for rates]. NOTE: Shelved in Locked Annex Area, Netdesk Column QD (ND-QD). 1382353. FP New Rockville Stock.
Verlag: San Francisco, CA.: Press in Tuscany Alley., 1972
Anbieter: Wittenborn Art Books, San Francisco, CA, USA
Manuskript / Papierantiquität
Zustand: Good. 8vo. Folded Printed Page, Very Good+. Illustrated. Printed on fine paper; Adrian Wilson, Designer and Printer at the Press in Tuscany Alley, San Francisco.
San Francisco-Los Angeles, The Roxburghe Club-The Zamorano Club, 1969. 35 x 22 cm. Original wrappers. 44 pp. Printed in red and black by Adrian Wilson on his private press in Tuscany Alley, San Francisco, with the assistance of Clifford Burke, in 350 copies. 1st edition. Cover partly browned. Reproduction of the oldest known layout notes with the pages as they were executed in the Nuremberg Chronicle by Hartmann Schedel from 1493. Majestic private edition, printed by the author (1923-1988), who wrote The Design of Books (1967). From the collection of Huib van Krimpen.
Verlag: Wohlgemut & Pleydenwurff, 1493
Anbieter: poor man's rare books (mrbooks) IOBA NJB, Vineland, NJ, USA
Verbandsmitglied: IOBA
Paperback. Zustand: Very Good with no dust jacket. Nicunable; Incunabula; Color Illustrations; 1 pages; A single color mounted plate cut from the very rare incunable work, Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493. 2.375 x 3". Plate titled S. Boar, red and black.
Verlag: Landmark Press: NY, 1979
Anbieter: John K King Used & Rare Books, Detroit, MI, USA
Hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. Facsimile pages, 14 x 10", full green leather(ette?), a nice, clean copy in a lightly worn slipcase. Decorative binding.
Verlag: Brussel & Brussel, 1966
Anbieter: Walden Books, London, Vereinigtes Königreich
EUR 149,33
Anzahl: 1 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbHardback. Zustand: Very Good. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: Very Good-. Illustrated by Wilhelm Pleydenwuff & Michael Wolgemut (illustrator). Facsimile Reprint, one of 1350. Please note that this is a heavy item and may require additional postage for international shipping. ; Dust jacket lightly age-toned, a number of splits at top and bottom edges of front panel/spine, slight creasing down spine-edges and on flaps, minimal bumping to fore-corners; Cream cloth boards age-toned at edges, slight bumping to corners, gilt lettering bright; Pages clean, no ownership marks or annotation, B&W illustration, German text; Binding tight. 'The Nuremberg Chronicle', originally published in 1493 as 'Das Buch der Chroniken and Geschichten', is the most elaborately illustrated book of the fifteenth century, with woodcuts almost unparalled in quality. This facsimile has been printed on rag paper specially manufactured by Curtis Paper Mills, and was limited to 1000 copies for America and 350 for overseas. ; 9.5 x 13.5"; 286 pages.
Verlag: Brussel & Brussel, USA, 1966
Anbieter: Acadia Art & Rare Books. Est. 1931, Toronto, ON, Kanada
Hardcover. Zustand: Near Fine. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: Very Good. First Thus. Hardcover with Dj. Profusely illustrated facsimile edition. Slightly tanned covers and slightly curled corners. Dj. with worn edges. Clean, unmarked and square. Large 4to.
Verlag: Brussel and Brussel, 1966
Anbieter: Books From California, Simi Valley, CA, USA
Hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: Very Good. Minor shelf wear. Jacket in mylar, minor wear, overall VG. Pages/boards/jacket clean, binding sturdy.
Verlag: Nico Israel (1976), Amsterdam, 1976
Anbieter: Old New York Book Shop, ABAA, Atlanta, GA, USA
Erstausgabe
Hardcover. Zustand: Fine. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: fine. First Edition. 253p quarto, illustrated A fine copy in a fine dust jacket.
Verlag: New York, 1987
Anbieter: Antiquariat Dietrich Schneider-Henn, Seefeld bei München, Deutschland
Softcover. Zustand: Sehr gut. Four Caxtons. Peter Schoeffer, The Nuremberg Chronicle, Wynkyn de Worde. Auktion Sotheby's New York, 23. Okt. 1987. 7 Katalognrn., ausführlich illustriert. Okart.
Verlag: Taschen., Koln, 2001
Anbieter: Alexandre Antique Prints, Maps & Books, Toronto, ON, Kanada
Zustand: Very good example. Full imitation suede boards. Upper lettered in gilt with mounted illustration. Spine lettered in gilt. Illustrated pasted and free endpapers. , Complete facsimile based on the original edition held by the Stiftung Weimarer Klassik. , Size : Folio. (350 x 245 mm), 680 pp.
Verlag: Anton Koberger, 1497
Anbieter: poor man's rare books (mrbooks) IOBA NJB, Vineland, NJ, USA
Verbandsmitglied: IOBA
Paperback. Zustand: Very Good with no dust jacket. Illustrated by Michel Wolgemut; Hant Pleydenwulff (illustrator). Incunable; 15th Century; B&W Illustrations; 4to 11" - 13" tall; Leaf from Hartmann Schedel's "Weltchronik," an edition of the Nuremberg Chronicle at reduced size (leaf 10 1/2" x 8") , with woodcuts copied from those of Koberger. [C. 1497. ] Headline: "Sexta etas mundi." page number "Clxxiiii" on verso. Dampstaining. 10 woodcuts. Artists were associated with Albrecht Durrer and the printer, Koberger, was Durer's grandfather. It covered 'Hisotry of the World" and was know n as the 'picture book' of that period. Hain Copinger 14508. Incunable.
Verlag: Landmark Press, New York
Anbieter: Spafford Books (ABAC / ILAB), Regina, SK, Kanada
1979, facsimile. (Folio) Near fine. Illus. Fabricoid. In slipcase as issued.
Verlag: Landmark Press, 1979
Anbieter: Symonds Rare Books Ltd, London, Vereinigtes Königreich
EUR 298,65
Anzahl: 1 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbHardcover. Zustand: Fine. SCHEDEL, Hartmann. The Nuremberg Chronicle A Facsimile of Hartmann Schedel s Buch der Chroniken Printed by Anton Kruger in 1493 New York, Landmark Press, n.d. [1979?] Folio. Unnumbered leaves. Facsimile of one of the most famous incunable even printed, as famous as the Gutenberg Bible and Fridolin s Schatzbehalter. Green faux-morocco. Gilt title stamped on black labels on front cover and spine. Just a little chip at foot of spine. A fine copy in its original cardboard slipcase.
Verlag: Landmark Press, New York, 1979
ISBN 10: 0405124902 ISBN 13: 9780405124907
Anbieter: J. Wyatt Books, Ottawa, ON, Kanada
Hardcover. Zustand: Fine. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: Very Good. Facsimile of the 1493 edition. GERMAN text. Pages are in excellent, clean, white condition. Lavishly illustrated throughout. Grey endpapers. Green leather with gilt, blocked titles on black leather. One corner VERY lightly bumped. Comes in a grey, stiff cardboard slipcase. Light wear on the corners and edges. FINE/VG Size: 10 x 14. Book.
Verlag: Anton Koberger for Sebald Schreyer and Sebastian Kammermeister, Nuremberg, 1493
Anbieter: Raptis Rare Books, Palm Beach, FL, USA
Erstausgabe
First edition of the Nuremberg Chronicle, the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century, from the St. Petersburg library of William Tooke. Imperial folio, bound in three quarter calf over paper-covered boards, morocco spine label lettered in gilt, elaborate gilt tooling to the spine, five gilt-tooled raised bands, rebacked, decorated with 1809 woodcut illustrations by Michael Wolgemut, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff and their workshop, 320 leaves (of 326, without V, IX, CCLXV, CCXCVII, CCXCVIII and final blank), two double-page maps (map of Europe and colophon laid in with chipped fore-edges), illuminated initial on first text leaf, first full-page woodcut in contemporary color, table's initials in red and blue, red and blue paraphs (additions including Maximilian supplement inserted after CCLXVI. The first edition of the Nuremberg Chronicle, printed in both Latin and German, is estimated to have had between 1,400 and 1,500 Latin copies and 700 to 1,000 German copies. Only about 400 Latin and 300 German copies are known to have survived into the 21st century. The publication history of theÂNurembergÂChronicle is perhaps the best documented of any book printed in this period: the contracts between Schedel and his partners Schreyer and Kammermaister, and between Schedel and the artists, all survive in theÂNurembergÂStadtsbibliothek, as do detailed manuscript exemplars of both the Latin and the German editions. TheÂNurembergÂChronicle includes two double-page maps: a world map (Shirley 19) based on Mela's Cosmographia (1482), and a map of northern and central Europe by Hieronymus Munzer (1437--1508) after Nicolas Khyrpffs. The world map is one of only three 15th-century maps showing Portuguese knowledge of the Gulf of Guinea of about 1470. The map of Europe is closely associated with Nicolas of Cusa's Eichstatt map, with which it is thought to share a common manuscript source of c.1439--54. It is therefore claimed to be the first modern map of this region to appear in print. Although published later than the map of Germany in the 1482 Ulm Ptolemy, it was constructed earlier (Campbell, The Earliest Printed Maps, 1472--1500, 1987). Provenance: early Latin inscriptions on title-page -- John (18th-century inscription and pen trials on blank after Maximilian supplement) -- William Tooke (1744--1820; inscription on title-page dated 1772) -- Phyllis Goodhart Gordan (1913--1994; leather label); by descent. William Tooke (1744--1820) was a British historian of Russia, living in St. Petersburg for periods of his life while researching and writing his works. The present copy formed part of his library at St. Petersburg and is dated 1772. With the binding very good condition, text block near fine with the map of Europe and colophon laid in with chipped fore-edges and 320 leaves (of 326, without V, IX, CCLXV, CCXCVII, CCXCVIII and final blank). A very nice example of this landmark work in the history or printing with noted provenance. Published in 1493, the monumental Nuremberg Chronicle remains the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Albrecht Durer, godson of the printer Anton Koberger, is thought to have contributed to the celebrated series of c.1800 woodcuts while working for the workshop of Michael Wolgemut. The publication history of the Nuremberg Chronicle is perhaps the best documented of any book printed in this period: the contracts between Schedel and his partners Schreyer and Kammermaister, and between Schedel and the artists, all survive in the Nuremberg Stadtsbibliothek, as do detailed manuscript exemplars of both the Latin and the German editions (see A. Wilson, The Making of the Nuremberg Chronicle, Amsterdam: 1976). The Nuremberg Chronicle also includes two double-page maps: a world map (Shirley 19) based on Mela's Cosmographia (1482), and a map of northern and central Europe by Hieronymus Munzer (1437-1508) after Nicolas Khyrpffs. The world map is one of only three 15th-century maps showing Portuguese knowledge of the Gulf of Guinea of about 1470. The map of Europe is closely associated with Nicolas of Cusa's Eichstatt map, with which it is thought to share a common manuscript source of c. 1439-54. It is therefore claimed to be the first modern map of this region to appear in print. Although published later than the map of Germany in the 1482 Ulm Ptolemy, it was constructed earlier (Campbell, The Earliest Printed Maps, 1472-1500, 1987). BMC II, 437; Schreiber 5203; Goff S-307; ISTC is00307000. Hartmann Schedel was a medical doctor, humanist and book collector. He earned a doctorate in medicine in Padua in 1466, then settled in Nuremberg to practice medicine and collect books. According to an inventory done in 1498, Schedel's personal library contained 370 manuscripts and 670 printed books. He compiled this elaborate history of the world from âthe first day of creationâ to his own time in an effort to correct what he felt was a slight to German history by other chroniclers. He divided his work into the usual six ages of the history of mankind, adding a seventh in which he foretold the coming of the Antichrist, the destruction of the world, and judgment day. The invention of printing is mentioned on verso of leaf CCLII: âborn in Germany⦠in the city near the Rhine [i.e. Mainz]⦠in the year 1440â; on verso of leaf CCXC is a brief account (not appearing in the subsequent German edition of the same year) of the âPortuguese voyage of discovery along the coast of Africa in 1483 [1484], under the direction of Diego Cam and Martin Behaim of Nuremberg, which has been used as a basis for the unwarranted theory that the expedition reached Americaâ (Sabin). The legacy of the volume rests on its illustrations. âThere are 1809 woodcuts printed from 645 different blocks. They picture the major events of the Old and New Testaments, episodes in the lives of many saints, portraits of prophets, kings, popes, heroes, and great men of all centuries, freaks of nature,