local search planning scheduling (4 Ergebnisse)

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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Withtheincreasingdeploymentofplanningandschedulingsystems,developer s oftenhavetodealwithverylargesearchspaces,real-timeperformancedemands, anddynamicenvironments. Completere nementmethodsdonotscalewell,- kinglocalsearchmethodstheonlypracticalalternative. Adynamicenvironment alsopromotestheapplicationoflocalsearch,thesearchheuristicsnotnormally beinga ectedbymodi cationsofthesearchspace. Furthermore,localsearchis wellsuitedforanytimerequirementsbecausetheoptimizationgoalisimproved iteratively. Suchadvantagesareo setbytheincompletenessofmostlocalsearch methods,whichmakesitimpossibletoprovetheinconsistencyoroptimalityof thesolutionsgenerated. Popularlocalsearchapproachesincludeevolutionary- gorithms,simulatedannealing,tabusearch,min-con icts,GSAT,andWalksat. The rstarticleinthisbook aninvitedcontributionbyStefanVoß givesan overviewofthesemethods. ThebookisbasedonthecontributionstotheWorkshoponLocalSearchfor Planning&Scheduling,heldonAugust21,2000atthe14thEuropeanCon- renceonArti cialIntelligence(ECAI2000)inBerlin,Germany. Theworkshop broughttogetherresearchersfromtheplanningandschedulingcommunitiesto explorethesetopicswithrespecttolocalsearchprocedures. Aftertheworkshop, asecondreviewprocessresultedinthecontributionstothepresentvolume. Voß soverviewisfollowedbytwoarticles,byHamiezandHaoandGerevini andSerina,onspeci c classical combinatorialsearchproblems. Thearticleby HamiezandHaoaddressestheproblemofsports-leaguescheduling,presenting results achieved by a tabu search method based on a neighborhood of value swaps. GereviniandSerina sarticleaddressesthetopicthatdominatestherest ofthebook:actionplanning. Itbuildsontheirpreviousworkonlocalsearch onplanninggraphs,presentinganewsearchguidanceheuristicwithdynamic parametertuning. Thenextsetofarticlesdealwithplanningsystemsthatareabletoinc- porateresourcereasoning. The rstarticle,ofwhichIamtheauthor,makesit clearwhyconventionalplanningsystemscannotproperlyhandleplanningwith resourcesandgivesanoverviewoftheconstraint-basedExcaliburagent spl- ningsystem,whichdoesnothavetheserestrictions. Thenextthreearticlesare aboutNASAJPL sASPEN/CASPERsystem. The rstone byChien,Knight, andRabideau focusesonthereplanningcapabilitiesoflocalsearchmethods, presentingtwoempiricalstudiesinwhichacontinuousplanningprocessclearly outperformsarestartstrategy. Thenextarticle,byEngelhardtandChien,shows howlearningcanbeusedtospeedupthesearchforaplan. Thegoalisto nda setofsearchheuristicsthatguidethesearchaswellaspossible. Thelastarticle inthisblock byKnight,Rabideau,andChien proposesanddemonstrates, a technique for aggregating single search moves so that distant states can be reachedmoreeasily. VI Preface Thelastthreearticlesinthisbookaddresstopicsthatarenotdirectlyrelated tolocalsearch,butthedescribedmethodsmakeverylocaldecisionsduringthe search. RefanidisandVlahavasdescribeextensionstotheGRTplanner,e. g. ,a hill-climbingstrategyforactionselection. Theextensionsresultinmuchbetter performancethanwiththeoriginalGRTplanner. Thesecondarticle byO- india, Sebastia, and Marzal presents a planning algorithm that successively re nes a start graph by di erent phases, e. g. , a phase to guarantee comp- teness. Inthelastarticle,HiraishiandMizoguchipresentasearchmethodfor constructingaroutemap. Constraintswithrespecttomemoryandtimecanbe incorporatedintothesearchprocess. Iwishtoexpressmygratitudetothemembersoftheprogramcommittee, whoactedasreviewersfortheworkshopandthisvolume. Iwouldalsoliketo thank all those who helped to make this workshop a success including, of course,theparticipantsandtheauthorsofpapersinthisvolume. June2001 AlexanderNareyek WorkshopChair ProgramCommittee EmileH. L. Aarts PhilipsResearch Jos eLuisAmbite Univ. ofSouthernCalifornia BlaiBonet UniversityofCalifornia RonenI. Brafman Ben-GurionUniversity SteveChien NASAJPL AndrewDavenport IBMT. J. Watson AlfonsoGerevini Universit`adiBrescia HolgerH. Hoos Univ. ofBritishColumbia AlexanderNareyek GMDFIRST AngeloOddi IP-CNR Mar aC. Ri Univ. T ec. Fed. SantaMar.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Autonomous agents have become a vibrant research and development topic in recent years attracting activity and attention from various areas. The basic agent concept incorporates proactive autonomous units with goal-directed-behaviour and communication capabilities. The book focuses on autonomous agents that can act in a goal directed manner under real time constraints and incomplete knowledge, being situated in a dynamic environment where resources may be restricted. To satisfy such complex requirements, the author improves, combines, and applies results from areas like planning, constraint programming, and local search. The formal framework developed is evaluated by application to the field of computer games, which fit the problem context very well since most of them are played in real time and provide a highly interactive environment where environmental situations are changing rapidly.