9780309061957 - Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response von Institute Of Medicine; Committee On R&D Needs For Improving Civ... (8 Ergebnisse)

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Hardcover. Zustand: Very good. Presumed First Edition, First printing. xix, [3], 279, [3] pages. Illustrations. References. Appendixes. Index. Ink notation on fep. Although the technology of producing and delivering chemical and biological weapons has existed for decades, the nerve gas attacks in Matsumoto in 1994 and Tokyo in 1995 by an apocalyptic religious cult and the subsequent revelation of the cult's attempts to acquire and use biological weapons have added a new dimension to plans for coping with terrorism. Traditional military approaches to battlefield detection of chemical and biological weapons and the protection and treatment of young healthy soldiers are not necessarily suitable or easily adapted for use by civilian health providers dealing with a heterogeneous population of casualties in a peacetime civilian setting. For these reasons, the Institute of Medicine (IOM), in collaboration with the Commission on Life Sciences (CLS), was asked by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Emergency Preparedness (OEP) to: collect and assess existing research, development, and technology information on detecting potential chemical and biological agents and protecting and treating both the targets of attack and health care providers, and provide specific recommendations for priority research and development. This report describes current civilian capabilities as well as ongoing and planned research and development (R&D) programs. It identifies some areas in which innovative R&D is clearly needed and assesses current R&D work for its applicability to coping with domestic terrorism. The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers. Table of Contents: Front Matter; Executive Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 Pre-Incident Communication and Intelligence: Linking the Intelligence and Medical Communities; 3 Personal Protective Equipment; 4 Detection and Measurement of Chemical Agents; 5 Recognizing Covert Exposure in a Population; 6 Detection and Measurement of Biological Agents; 7 Patient Decontamination and Mass Triage; 8 Availability, Safety, and Efficacy of Drugs and Other Therapies; 9 Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment of Psychological Effects; 10 Computer-Related Tools for Training and Operations; 11 Conclusions and Recommendations; References; Appendix A: Committee and Staff Biographies; Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis; Appendix C: Lethal and Incapacitating Chemical Weapons; Appendix D: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention List of Restricted Agents; and Index.