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8/152/164/XII S./pp., Originalpappband (publisher's cardboard covers), gutes Exemplar (fine), (Beiruter Texte und Studien 118), Sprache: englisch / arabisch.

Broschiert. Zustand: Wie neu. 265 S. Gebraucht, aber gut erhalten. - The evolution of the waqf among the Greek Orthodox of Antioch depended on the measures taken by the Ottoman Empire regarding this institution. We can note three decisive periods there. From the beginning of the Ottoman occupation until the beginning of the 17th century, the new authority imposed a seizure of the religious institution's properties. From the beginning of the 17th century until the 18th, sultans themselves granted grounds in the public domain to their descendants and their entourages. The same practice was followed by governors in the provinces and the tax farmers of the area. In the first half of the 19th century, the sultans sought to recover the income from these lands for the benefit of the Treasury and a period of reform was started which proceeded in three stages and affected the structure of the waqf. Regarding the Greek Orthodox Church, the system already known and practiced within the Byzantine empire for dealing with church properties, which inspired the institution of the waqf in Islam, had to adapt to the new requirements and restrictions of Sharc. The beginnings of the Ottoman occupation with restrictions imposed on external religious practices in the cities encouraged the monastic foundations in the country. These foundations, supported by the 18th century changes, came to prominence in the management of important areas of agriculture. These played a major role in the centralization of production and, the distribution of work and were intermediaries between the international market and the local economy. The monasteries came to be the first to play the role of banks in Mount-Lebanon. The 19th century reforms, which introduced the laity into the management of the businesses of the church, brought a decentralization of the estates and the specialization of services to adapt to the new needs of the population. As for the second half of the 19th century, these monasteries became the promoters of the schools which were at the basis of the Arab cultural rebirth. ISBN 9783899135565 Sprache: Deutsch Gewicht in Gramm: 550.

Soft cover. Zustand: New. 219 pages French-213 pages Arabic. Le temps et les différentes façons de le compter et de le concevoir sont des marqueurs culturels et sociaux fondamentaux. Cette diversité s'exprime notamment dans la profusion des calendriers, qui puisent leur origine dans les débuts de la civilisation puis dans les grandes religions, dont le Proche-Orient fut la matrice. Pourtant, si l'histoire du temps en Occident est désormais bien connue, elle reste à faire pour cette région. Les contributions de cet ouvrage, qui s'inscrivent dans une perspective transdisciplinaire et diachronique, entendent poser les premiers jalons de cette histoire du temps en orientant le regard vers le Liban. Le Liban apparait en effet comme un terrain particulièrement fertile pour interroger les spécificités temporelles de la région en raison de la profondeur de son histoire, de sa diversité religieuse, de la multiplicité de ses rythmes sociaux et liturgiques et du caractère précoce de son processus de modernisation. Sont ici abordés les systèmes de datation tels qu'ils apparaissent dans les manuscrits et les archives des institutions religieuses libanaises, certains objets de mesure du temps (calendriers et cadrans solaires), le temps dans les écrits et les rituels religieux, les rythmes urbains et les temporalités vécues de certaines pratiques sociales, le temps dans la littérature, et enfin la question de la mémoire, notamment celle de la guerre.

Hardcover. Zustand: New. II, 164, 6, 152 pages, 32 unnumbered pages of plates : 24 cm. Some articles are in English, some in Arabic (in Arabic script). "This volume gathers papers first presented at a conference on Mamluk history held at the University of Balamand from May 4-7, 2005 . The title of the conference, "Towards a cultural history of Bilad al Sham during the Mamluk era: prosperity or decline, tolerance or preservation", ".