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Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 101. - London, Harrison and Sons, 1927, 8°, pp.262-303, 17 Figs., 1 plate, orig. wrappers. Offprint! "The structural scheme of the nervous system involves overlap in the terminal distribution of the afferent arcs converging on the final motor units. A physiological consequence attaching to this extensive overlap, so far as concerns one of its two main categories, forms the subject of the present enquiry. The convergent junctions which, subserving the 'principle of convergence', result from the overlap, present for functional examination a twofold set of cases. Composing one main class are those cases in which the afferent arcs converging upon the common unit or path tend to act on it to like effect, i. e., in which there flexes are 'allied'. The other class is that where the convergent arcs meeting at the common unit are such as act there to opposed effect, i. e., are 'antagonistic'. This latter, namely the class of antagonistic reflexes, in which excitation reacts against inhibition and vice versa, has since its formulation been a frequent subject of experimental enquiry and possesses a not inconsiderable literature. On the contrary the case of interaction of 'allied' reflexes has attracted little experimental enquiry and received relatively little attention. In 1909 observations by Camis were devoted to it and revealed features of interest inviting further study. These observations of Camis were dealt with in our recent paper (9), which, while confirming and somewhat extending them, indicated that the problem of the interaction of allied reflexes must be met in the body by some co-ordinative solution playing a great role in the reflex taxis of the limb. The present observations had in view to observe the modus operandi obtaining between a typical pair of allied reflexes embouching upon a final path, for which both are excitatory." Cooper, et al. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1952) was a British neurophysiologist. His experimental research established many aspects of contemporary neuroscience, including the concept of the spinal reflex as a system involving connected neurons (the "neuron doctrine"), and the ways in which signal transmission between neurons can be potentiated or depotentiated. Sherrington himself coined the word "synapse" to define the connection between two neurons. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1932 (along with Edgar Adrian). In addition to his work in physiology, Sherrington did research in histology, bacteriology, and pathology. Sybil Cooper (1900-1970), was a British physiologist. "She became a research assistant upon graduation to Edgar Adrian, studying nerve and muscle physiology, before receiving her Ph.D in 1927. Cooper then became a research student and then a research fellow at St Hilda's College, Oxford with the physiologist Charles Scott Sherrington while working as a demonstrator in anatomy for the University of Oxford. During this time, she married R. S. Creed in 1933; he was a demonstrator in physiology. She resigned her position in 1934 and had the first of her four children the following year. Able to afford household help, she took an unpaid position as a lecturer in natural science at St. Hilda's in 1940 and received a paid position as a research fellow there in 1946 that she maintained until her retirement in 1968. She collaborated with her husband on muscle reflexes before and after the birth of her children. "Demonstrating great ability in dissecting minute sense organs with intact nerves, she recorded nerve activity. As an excellent histologist, Cooper fixed, stained, and examined the microstructure of the sense organs. Alone and with colleagues, she made advances in understanding how the muscle spindles functioned relative to their structure"." Wiki Denny-Brown, Derek Ernest (1901-1952) neurologist; neurology professor.

Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 100. - London, Harrison and Sons, 1926, 8°, pp.448-462, orig. wrappers. Offprint! "Studying spinal reflexes Camis (1910) from observations on M. semitendinosus (cat) reached the conclusions that " the cells of a spinal motor centre ca be regarded from a functional point of view as divided into several independent groups," but that "such independence is however not absolute." The present experiments pursue a like inquiry. That in a reflex evoked by weak excitation of the afferent nerve the resulting contraction of the muscle may involve a portion only of the muscle has common acceptance. Camis's observations, however, employed maximal stimuli and yet the muscle evidenced fractional responses ; whereas later (3) Dreyer and one of us found, contrary to previous experience, that reflex tetani in some instances activated the sum-total of the muscle. Both of these observations are confirmed by the present experiments. Cooper, et al. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1952) was a British neurophysiologist. His experimental research established many aspects of contemporary neuroscience, including the concept of the spinal reflex as a system involving connected neurons (the "neuron doctrine"), and the ways in which signal transmission between neurons can be potentiated or depotentiated. Sherrington himself coined the word "synapse" to define the connection between two neurons. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1932 (along with Edgar Adrian). In addition to his work in physiology, Sherrington did research in histology, bacteriology, and pathology. Sybil Cooper (1900-1970), was a British physiologist. "She became a research assistant upon graduation to Edgar Adrian, studying nerve and muscle physiology, before receiving her Ph.D in 1927. Cooper then became a research student and then a research fellow at St Hilda's College, Oxford with the physiologist Charles Scott Sherrington while working as a demonstrator in anatomy for the University of Oxford. During this time, she married R. S. Creed in 1933; he was a demonstrator in physiology. She resigned her position in 1934 and had the first of her four children the following year. Able to afford household help, she took an unpaid position as a lecturer in natural science at St. Hilda's in 1940 and received a paid position as a research fellow there in 1946 that she maintained until her retirement in 1968. She collaborated with her husband on muscle reflexes before and after the birth of her children. "Demonstrating great ability in dissecting minute sense organs with intact nerves, she recorded nerve activity. As an excellent histologist, Cooper fixed, stained, and examined the microstructure of the sense organs. Alone and with colleagues, she made advances in understanding how the muscle spindles functioned relative to their structure"." Wiki Denny-Brown, Derek Ernest (1901-1952) neurologist; neurology professor.