marshman joshua (18 Ergebnisse)

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

Zustand: New. In.

The first edition of the Elements of Chinese grammar by the English Baptist missionary Joshua Marshman (1768-1837), an outstanding work in the history of Chinese linguistics and the first extensive book printed by Europeans using cast metal movable Chinese type (preceded only by Marshman's Gospel of the Apostle John in 1813). It is also the first English-language grammar of any Chinese language. His present book, published in 1814, is one of the most extensive grammars of colloquial Chinese. It provides an extensive description of the characters and colloquial medium of the Chinese, their origin and development. Marshman illustrated his grammar with numerous examples and explains each grammatical concept in detail, including case, agreement, pronouns, verbs, mood, tense, prosody, parts of speech and dialect variation. Although Marshman refers to the language simply as "Chinese", there were several completely different Chinese languages that all used more-or-less the same characters (one advantage of word characters over a phonetic alphabet is that people who could not understand each other's spoken language could still read each other's texts, because the character represents the meaning of the word, not its sound). T'oung Pao, Joshua Marshman and the study of Spoken Chinese (2020) explicitly refers to the language Marshman studied as Mandarin.The author's sixteen-page preface is especially important for more than just his comments on the Chinese type. He gives very detailed autobiographical information, centring on the origins of his study of the Chinese language, which caught his interest when he first arrived in India in 1799, with very precise information about the people and books that aided him (his principal teachers were the Scottish missionary Claudius Buchanan and the Armenian Christian Joannes Lassar, born in China, whom Buchanan hired to help at Kolkata and Serampore). From the collection of the former Dutch diplomat Roland van den Berg, ambassador to Beijing (1962-1966 and 1986-1992), Seoul (1978-1982) and Tokyo (1992-1995). With two earlier owner's inscriptions on the half-title: "[.?] Mei '20 [.?]" and "G.J.P.J. Bolland aan W.P. Groeneveldt uit waardeering. Batavia Mei 1888". The binding shows signs of wear and the spine is somewhat faded to brown, some occasional very minor spotting and very slight browning. With a hole in the foot margin of leaf 2N2 and the foot margin of leaf 2U1, neither affecting the text. Otherwise in good condition.l Cordier, Sinica, 1661; Diehl 85; Lowendahl 775; Lust 1020; Ma Min, "Joshua Marshman and the first Chinese book printed with movable metal type", in: Journal of cultural interaction in East Asia, 6 (2015), pp. 3-18, at p. 13. Contemporary half red calf, black cloth sides with the title in gold on the spine. With one woodcut illustration of a suanpan (abacus of Chinese origin) on p. 318. Text is set in roman type (Latin alphabet), Chinese cast metal type and occasionally Bengali characters. Pages: [1], [1 blank], [1], [1 blank], XVI, VII, [1 blank], 2, 566, 56 pp.

First edition, second issue (with Chinese characters on title, errata & 9 extra leaves), 4to, [ii], xvi, viii, ii, 2-page errata, 566, 56 pp., lacks half-title, occasional toning and light spotting, old illegible markings to title and verso, modern half calf gilt, a good copy. travel2023 Scarce. Two issues of this work were made in 1814. This second issue has Chinese characters on title and a 2-page errata, it also has nine extra leaves. Marshman's grammar was produced by the Danish Mission colony of Serampore as part of the ever increasing flow of information on the Chinese language. Marshman's book is a pioneering work based on the idea that correct Chinese grammar should be sought in the great classics such as Confucius, rather than in colloquial usage. Cordier, Sinica, 1661; Diehl 85; Lowendahl 775; Lust 1020.

First English translation of the Analects of Confucius complete with the rare Dissertation on the Chinese Language and Character, here bound in a separate volume. Quarto, two volumes bound in three quarter morocco over marbled boards with gilt titles and tooling to the spine in six compartments within raised gilt bands, illustrated with 2 folding charts on Chinese characters, 4 further tables on 2 folding leaves, postscript at rear. In fine condition. Exceptionally rare, particularly with Marshman's separately printed dissertation present including the tables and charts. The first English translation of the Analects (Lunyu) of Confucius, Baptist missionary Joshua Marshman's translation contains the first five of a projected series of twenty books and was printed at Serampore, the first major center of English printing in Chinese. The first complete translation by James Legge was published decades later in 1861. A collection of sayings attributed to Confucius, the Analects was one of the primary texts underpinning the Confucian system which held sway over China for two millennia. Confucius believed that the welfare of a country depended on the moral cultivation of its people, beginning from the nation's leadership and taught that a ruler's sense of virtue was his primary prerequisite for leadership. His primary goal in educating his students was to produce ethically well-cultivated men who would carry themselves with gravity, speak correctly, and demonstrate consummate integrity in all things. Joshua Marshman, William Carey, and William Ward established a Baptist mission and press at Danish-controlled Serampore in 1800, beyond the control of the East India Company. The Company discouraged missionary activity and maintained a policy of press censorship within its territories. Marshman and his fellow missionaries had ambitious plans for proselytizing across Asia, and he had studied Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and Syriac before he even reached India. In India, he first learned Bangali and Sanskrit. Next, he turned to Chinese, which he studied intensively under the guidance of Johannes Lassar, scion of a wealthy Armenian trading family in Macao, and assisted by several Chinese tutors. This book dates from the first phase of Chinese language printing in Serampore, with Chinese characters printed using woodblocks carved by Bengali textile workers employed to print patterns onto calico. The Chinese publications for the Mission Press were principally evangelical; Lassar and Marshman translated large sections of the Old and New Testaments into Chinese, and saw Serampore as an ideal position from which to spread the Chinese gospel, free from imperial Chinese censorship. The East India Company too was increasingly interested in the study of Chinese for political reasons. Their Indian territories abutted the Chinese forts in Tibet, and the memory of Macartney's diplomatic failure in 1792 remained fresh. Another diplomatic mission would require translators, and the Company had no competent Chinese interpreters in India at the turn of the century. Marshman dedicated this work to the Governor-General of Bengal, Lord Minto, who subsidized the cost of printing in Chinese at Serampore, despite his personal hostility to missionary activity with British India.