map africa (132 Ergebnisse)

Zustand: Fine. First edition. Measures 17 x 22 inches, two folds A map of the continent of Africa, with inset maps of South Africa ( the Transvaal ), Cairo, and the Suez Canal and Lower Egypt. With The Congo , and Cameroon spelled with Ks. Very timely for the Boer War then in the Transvaal. This was likely prepared for Miller's The Twentieth century atlas of the commercial, geographical and historical world.

Full Leather. Zustand: Fair. Large Folding Map Of Africa (illustrator). Early Edition. Imprimatur Page; [X], , 444 (But 442 Misnumbered136 And 444 Mis-Numbered 443), 139-225,(2), 230, (1); Folding Map; 1-162 (But 162 Mis-Numbered 562, With Pp 155-162 Being The Appendix ) + (Xxxix In Three Tables). Simple Very Thick Full Calf, 6 Bands, Re-Backed Long Ago But Now Leather Of Upper And Lower Compartments Chipped Away, All Edges Very Worn, Joints Chipped And Frayed, Corners Chipped And Rounded, Author And Title Written In Old Black Letters On Front Cover. Contents Clean; Lacking Three Of Four Folding Maps, But The Map Of Africa Is In Good Condition, No Chips Or Tears. Very Old, Partly Worn Away And Indecipherable Black Ink Thick Lettering On Front Cover, No Other Names Or Marks. Old Corner Dampstain At Upper Right Corner, Outside Of Page Block, Diminishing To Nothing By End Of Book. Imprimatur Leaf Torn Along Gutter Edge, And Worn And Creased.

With Introduction by The Right Hon Lord Overtoun. Illustrated with 14 photographs. Crisp color 19" x 14" fold out map of central Africa. (illustrator). First Edition. Dr. Elmslie, who with his devoted wife has just sailed for Africa to begin his third term of service, vividly pictures the lofty plateau of Ngoniland, with its native villages and the dark background of vice and cruelty which lies behind the village life, with the horrors of the slave trade which harried peaceful homes, leaving the smoking ruins, while the inmates were massacred, or reserved for a more cruel fate, and how their perils drove the people to live in swamps or inaccessible rocks. The first advance of the missionaries to Ngoniland was in 1878 in the face of much personal danger. The first interviews with Mombera and his bloodthirsty chiefs, picture not only the danger of the situation, but the faith, courage, and tact of the men who, taking their life in their hands, went as ambassadors of Christ to these bloodstained savages. Ink inscription at top of free front endpaper, otherwise fine condition 8vo. Pictorial mustard colored cloth covered boards stamped in black and gold.

[circa 1900]. (document) Very good. 23 x 32" folding map of Southern Africa, mounted on linen and folding into a self cover.

280 x 380 mm, in good condition, with folds. Lithography by Dietrich Reimer Berlin. Plate from: Martens, O. / O. Karstedt, Afrika. Ein handbuch fur wirtschaft und Reise, II band: Reise, 3e auflage, Berlin 1936.

370 x 260 mm, in good condition, with folds. Lithography. Plate from: Martens, O. / O. Karstedt, Afrika. Ein handbuch fur wirtschaft und Reise, II band: Reise, 3e auflage, Berlin 1936.

250 x 480 mm, in good condition, with folds. Lithography by Dietrich Reimer (Andrews & Steiner) Berlin. Plate from: Martens, O. / O. Karstedt, Afrika. Ein handbuch fur wirtschaft und Reise, II band: Reise, 3e auflage, Berlin 1936.

Engraved map 11.5 x 14.3 cm, showing route of European explorers, faint added outline colour in an early hand and manuscript note to the verso in the same ink, edges age-toned, but in very good condition. Detailed pre-colonial map of Africa, "Regions Unexplored" marked and "no fresh water to be found" on the west coast. An early manuscript inscription on the verso refers to Lander's ."wanderings of Clapperton", the Scottish naval officer and explorer. Richard Lander, had returned with Hugh Clapperton's journal following his death and the account was published in the same year as Fenner's "Pocket Atlas of Modern & Ancient Geography", for which this map was prepared.

Double-page folding map, printed in colour, 46.5 x 36.5 cm. edges gilt, central fold, with an inset map of Somaliland (Somalia) and the island of Sokotra, key to European possessions outlined in colour, small edge fold tears affecting the margin only and two other small edge tears, slight toning at the edgaes, but in very good condition. Attractive and detailed map prepared for the first edition of "The Times Atlas of the World".

Folio (15" X 12", image area 13¼" X 10½"). Hand colored. Very good. Minor age toning and faint soiling. Nice example of this continental map with portion of Arabia and Persia as well and large central portion of Africa marked as "Unknown Interior," from the 1864 edition of "Mitchell's New General Atlas, Containing Maps of the Various Countries of the World, Plans of Cities, Etc." Inset at lower left titled "Island of St. Helena," with "Tomb of Napoleon" prominently noted. Tastefully colored and with attractive floral border.

Printed colour map, 25 x 32.5 cm, edge tears, one affecting the lower border only, two small chips from the upper margin, corner repaired, the map in very good condition. Map of North America with a small inset of the British Isles on the verso. Map of Southern Africa before the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th Century.

Printed colour map, 27.5 x 21.7 cm, large inset of Northern Africa and a smaller of Southern Africa, two small edge tears, lower corner neatly strengthened, the sheet toned, but the map in good condition, unrelated text printed on the verso. Map of Africa as a whole before the Imperial race for colonies in the 1880s, with interesting insets of Northern and Southern Africa.

Chromolithographed maps, 54.3 x 34.1 cm (sheet), central fold, a few small edge tears and marginal age toning, but in very good condition. Detailed maps prepared for George F. Cram's 1894 "Standard American Atlas": one of the first American firms to publish a world atlas. Maps of Oceania and South Africa printed on the verso.

Printed colour map, 36.3 x 24.3 cm, inset map of the Suez Canal and two smaller insets of the Cardagos Crayos Islands, Mascarene Islands and Cape Verde Islands, central fold, and on the verso a printed panel listing the countries in Africa with their territorial governance, area and population, lower corner creased at the outer margin, but in very good condition. An interesting late nineteenth-century map noting colonial governance.

Printed map, 24 x 32.1 cm, decorative border, two original vertical folds, paper toned, mainly at the edges, inner margin of the sheet ragged, but in good order. A late edition of the map used for the well-known Tallis map, this without the characteristic vignettes and on thinner paper.

Hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. First Edition. Edinburgh, W. and A.K. Johnston, 1901. A chromolithographic map (printed surface 725 × 930 mm), mounted in one piece on linen, folded into 32 panels to octavo size and cased in cloth boards; a large folding table of 'The Possessions of the European Powers in Africa' (giving the population and area of the various territories, with how and when they were acquired) is bound with it, as issued, Publisher's gilt-lettered cloth case with the map and table mounted on opposite pastedowns; case flecked and sunned, with a small ink stain on the front cover, a tiny puncture on the spine, and lacking the paper lining on the inside surface of the spine; the map is in excellent condition save for a few short and unobtrusive splits to some folds. Scale: 1:11,800,800. The title is given simply as 'Africa' in the cartouche. No mention is made of the war in South Africa.

Full calf. Zustand: Very good. The first American edition of Travels In the Interior Districts of Africa by Mungo Park, published in New York in 1800, with the large fold-out map of Africa. (illustrator). First American Edition. Octavo, 354pp, [2], 86pp. appendix. Full calf, title in gilt on spine over red morocco label. Previous ownership inscription on front endpaper and title page, title page with top edge removed. Occasional light foxing and transference, solid text block. Includes the large fold-out map of Africa, solid hinges, free of notable foxing. Map laid-in. (Evans 38189) Includes the 2pp titled "A Negro Song.".

Hardcover. Zustand: Very Good. 1st Edition. A large coloured map in three sheets, sectionalised and laid down on linen, approx. 56 x 64, 56 x 64 & 70 x 55cm.; minor browning to folds, else very good, contained in original cloth slipcase, which is slightly worn. A useful map of Africa, divided into three sheets, on a scale of 500 miles to approx. 73mm. Also featured are Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, the Canary Islands, Crete and Cyprus. The Arabian peninsula appears in the North-East sheet, with Mecca and Medina shown, and an inset of the island of Socotra.

Leather bound. Zustand: Very good. The first edition of the An Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the American Brig Commerce, signed by Captain James Riley to Senator John Milton Niles, published in 1817 in New York. Complete with all plates and map of Africa. (illustrator). First Edition. Octavo, xiv, [errata], [1], 533pp, [543]-554 appendix, [xvi]. Modern full brown calf, title in gilt over black morocco label. General toning and foxing throughout text block. Complete with nine plates and a map of Africa, all plates with general toning, two with archival repairs, one with archival tissue repair. Map of Africa exceptionally bright, free of foxing. (Sabin 71397) This copy is inscribed to Connecticut Senator John Milton Niles, "by his friend, James Riley." Senator John Milton Niles was a lifelong abolitionist and friend of Capt. James Riley. In 1842, Niles edited the Journal of the Loss of the Brig Commerce by Archibald Robbins, a member of Riley's crew, whose story of heroism continued to fascinate readers. This first edition of "Riley's Narrative" was issued in New York and Hartford in 1817, both with 9 plates and a map of Africa. Signed.

Chromolithographed map with outlne handcolour, 27.1 x 21 cm, major towns marked with a red cross, relief by hachures, ocean currents marked, two inset maps of the Suez canal and Mascarene Island, two very small marginal edge tears not affecting the map, slight toning, unrelated text on the verso, prepared for "Harper's School Geography", in very good condition Interesting map of Africa before the escalation of the European race for colonial possessions from 1880. The map shows: the European possessions of the Cape Colony, Transvaal Republic, Orange River Republic, and Natal; regions of the continent as fertile belts and desert belts; and indicates agricultural and other production such as palm oil, ivory, skins, and cattle. Major cities are shown, with important trade centers highlighted with a red cross. Prepared for US students in "Harper's School Geography", longitude is shown from the Greenwich prime meridian at the head of the map, and from the Washington prime meridian at the foot. A small outline map of Ohio is included for relative scale.

Farblithographie von Johnston, London, Royal Geographical Society, 1899, 48,5x34 cm (Faltspuren) *Afrika / Südostafrika.

Good. Wear along centerfold. Small area of loss at bottom-left corner. Size 17.75 x 23.25 Inches. A colorful pictorial map combining elements of actual geography with an imagined African landscape, prepared c. 1935 by the Hecker H-O Company to promote the radio show character Bobby Benson and, by extension, their cereal. A Closer Look This map features a semi-fantastical representation of central Africa in the vicinity of the Congo. Some features, such as Lake Mweru and Lake Tanganyika, exist while others were invented. Animals of various sorts - including lions, giraffes, camels, elephants, rhinos, and hippos - appear throughout along with human figures, presented in an exaggerated, stereotypical fashion, now percieved as racially insensitive but common with cartoon illustrations of the era. The title character appears in a title cartouche at top-left, while an intricate border consisting of monkeys surrounds the map. Bobby Benson Radio Program Bobby Benson and the B-Bar-B Riders (also known as the H-Bar-O Rangers or, in this case, as Bobby Benson and the H-O Rangers) was a popular American children's radio program that aired from 1932 to 1955, initially on CBS and then on the Mutual Broadcasting System. The show followed the adventures of Bobby Benson, the 12-year-old who inherited a ranch in Texas and fought off a rogues' gallery of bandits, robbers, smugglers, and others, usually around his ranch, but sometimes in other environs, as with the present map. It was an early success in the Western genre, influencing later radio and television programs aimed at children. The radio show was a prime example of a 'cereal serial,' as the Hecker H-O Company developed the character to promote its cereal products. The company cleverly offered parents discounts for themed toys, accessories, and prizes if they sent in cereal box tops as proof of purchase. This map was one such reward for loyal customers. Publication History and Census This pictorial map was prepared and distributed by the Hecker H-O Company around 1935 to promote the radio program and its cereal. It is not recorded in the OCLC.

Very good. Light foxing. Light wear along original fold lines. Blank on verso. Size 10.5 x 15.75 Inches. Depicting what Pearce calls 'the hitherto blank piece of country between Lake Chiuta and the Luli river', this is a 1900 Captain F. B. Pearce map of part of Malawi and Mozambique. Then divided between British Central Africa and Portuguese Mozambique, this map focuses on a portion of East Africa between Lake Chilwa in Malawi and the Lurio River in Mozambique. Per an article in The Geographical Journal , the map was surveyed by Pearce during a joint Anglo-Portuguese military expedition undertaken in 1899 against the slave-raiding chief Kwamba. Numerous villages are labeled throughout the region, along with hills, ridges, mountains, and forests. The flood plains of both Lake Chilwa and Lake Chiuta are illustrated, demonstrating to its viewers the vast differences between the African wet and dry season in this part of the continent. An inset map in the lower right corner situates the depicted region in East Africa in general, allowing the viewer to note that Lake Chilwa is not far from Lake Nyassa (Lake Malawi), that it borders Portuguese East Africa, and that German East Africa is not far to the north. This map was created by Captain F. B. Pearce and printed by the Royal Geographical Society in its Geographical Journal in 1900. References: OCLC 65644981.

Very good. Light wear and toning along original fold lines. Blank on verso. Size 12.75 x 16.5 Inches. This is an 1893 Friedrich Jeppe map of the Zoutpansberg Goldfields in northeastern South Africa, what was then the South African Republic. Per Jeppe, Zoutpansberg, a district in the northern portion of the South African Republic, covered about 25,000 square miles. Here, the proclaimed gold fields are highlighted in yellow, with the known gold belts further emphasized by yellow dashes within these yellow sections. The gray areas mark lands set aside for native Africans that were administered by the tribes. Gold and other mineral deposits were known to exist in some of these areas, and certain tribes allowed for mining and prospecting rights on their land. Settlements are identified, all of which, per Jeppe, are connected by telegraph and roads. Zoutpansberg and Gold Gold was first discovered in the region in 1854, but, due to the policy that publicizing a gold find would be punished by a £500 fine, the discovery wasn't truly made known until 1870, when the independent discoveries of Mauch and Edward Button were published. Throughout the 1870s, 80s, and 90s, gold claims were officially sanctioned by the government, with a great boom in gold arriving in 1888-89. Publication History and Census This map was compiled by Friedrich Jeppe and published by the Royal Geographical Society in the September 1893 edition of The Geographical Journal . Three examples are recorded in the OCLC as being part of the institutional collections at the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, and Simon Fraser University. References: OCLC 48698530.

Very good. Old binding strip on verso. Very close bottom margin. A couple small pencil annotations. Size 11.5 x 15 Inches. A curious missionary map of eastern Africa around Zanzibar and the opposite coast of the mainland, corresponding to the northern coast of Tanzania, printed in 1882 by A. Roux, covering the territory where the Catholic order of the Holy Ghost Fathers operated. A Closer Look The map covers much of today's northeastern Tanzania along with Zanzibar. Settlements, caravan routes, mountains, waterways, and various ethnic groups are labeled, often with brief, colorful descriptors, with a couple being described as 'anthropophages,' that is, cannibals. The map includes significant linguistic and anthropological information, including a glossary of Swahili terms in the title box and the names of multiple local chiefs. A dotted line traces the 1882 travels of Father Etienne Baur, the Apostolic Prefect of Zanzibar and a member of the Congrégation du Saint-Esprit et du Saint-Cur-De-Marie, more commonly known as the Holy Ghost Fathers or the Spiritans. This Roman Catholic order focused its missionary efforts on Africa, especially West Africa, but also had several missions in eastern Africa Proselytizing the Swahili Coast The Spiritans were one of the main Roman Catholic religious orders operating in eastern Africa, the other being the 'White Fathers' (Missionaries of Africa). The missionaries faced a wide range of challenges, from disease and hostility from local adherents of Islam and local folk religions to opposition from Protestant missionaries to getting embroiled in local political issues. In particular, the missionaries had to maintain a good relationship with the Sultan of Zanzibar, which was the main hub for travel and logistics in the region, while also maintaining their commitment to opposing slavery, which was prevalent in Zanzibar and one source of the Sultan's wealth. (Zanzibar was the largest slave market in the world at the time.) Etienne Baur played a central role in the history of the mission and the early interactions between Europeans and peoples in the interior regions of the Swahili Coast. Arriving in Zanzibar in 1863, Baur and several of his confreres set about learning Swahili (Baur translated the catechism into that language) and making exploratory forays into the African interior (he reached Kilimanjaro in 1884). Being an Alsatian, Baur was well positioned to negotiate between warring parties during the Abushiri Revolt (1888-1889), when the German government suppressed a revolt against a clumsy attempt by the Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft to seize control of Zanzibar. Publication History and Census This map was likely prepared by the Spiritans themselves and printed by Imprimerie Roux, a printer of other missionary maps. It appeared in the 1882 volume of Les Missions catholiques, revue générale illustrée de toutes les missions . The map is only independently cataloged among the holdings of the University of California Santa Barbara, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, and the Universiteit Antwerpen. The full volume of Les Missions catholiques is more widely distributed. References: OCLC 1029056810, 902293791.

Very good. Light wear and toning along original fold lines. Blank on verso. Size 12 x 16.5 Inches. This is an 1893 William Shawe map of the Shire Highlands in Malawi, which then was part of the British Central Africa Protectorate. Depicting the region just south of Lake Malawi, known then as Lake Nyasa, black lines track the movements of Lieutenant B.L. Sclater during the two years when he served as an assistant to the Commissioner of British Central Africa. Numerous towns and villages are labeled, as are rivers, mountains, and other locations. Printed notes, such as 'open grass plain' and 'rolling plain, poorly forested', provide some insight into the terrain. The Shire River arcs through the left half of the map. The Shire Highlands The Shire Highlands, a plateau situated in southern Malawi, are the most densely populated region in the country today. They are also a major agricultural area that covers 7,250 square kilometers. The British first arrived in the area when David Livingstone established a missionary station in 1861. In the following decades, more missions were established alongside British-owned plantations. Because of the large contingent of British subjects in the area, the Shire Highlands held significant influence in the minds of British politicians during the Anglo-Portuguese disputes concerning colonial possessions in central Africa in the late 19th century. Several treaties were refused by either one party or the other, until finally, in 1890, the British issued an ultimatum that the Portuguese withdraw all their troops from Mashonaland, Matabeleland, and all the land between the Shire River north of the Ruo River and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi), which included the disputed Shire Highlands. This ultimatum eventually led to the signing of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891 and the establishment of relatively firm borders between Portuguese and British colonial possessions in central Africa. Publication History and Census This map was created by William Shawe and published by the Royal Geographical Society in the November 1893 edition of The Geographical Journal to accompany Lieutenant B.L. Sclater's paper 'Routes and Districts in Southern Nyasaland'. Three examples are catalogued in the OCLC as being part of the institutional collections at the University of Chicago, the University of Manchester, and The British Library. References: OCLC 138478902.

Very good. Minor soiling. Backed on archival tissue. Size 24.5 x 36.5 Inches. This is a rare 1902 map of Johannesburg, South Africa, prepared during the Witwatersrand Gold Rush for Johannesburg Consolidated Investment (JCI) to promote investment from France. A Closer Look The map is centered on the modern-day core of Johannesburg and extends from Waterval to Guduld. Highlighting illustrates the Witwatersrand Gold Reef as well as properties owned in full (red) and part (blue) by the randlord Barney Bernato and his company, JCI. Surrounding illustrations highlight extant and proposed developments and advocate for the wealth and commodiousness of South African life. Cartographically, the map is derived from, but considerably advanced over, Charles Sydney Goldmann's 1895 map of the Witwatersrand published in the early days of the Gold Rush. Historical Context This map was issued at the end of the Second Boer War (Oct 11, 1899 - May 31, 1902), itself a devolution from the 1886 Witwatersrand Gold Rush. The Boers, who then dominated the region, were mostly farmers, and few had the technical skills to exploit the newly discovered mines. Nonetheless, word got out of the gold discovery. When the wealth of the Witwatersrand Reef was fully understood, thousands flocked into the region, creating one of history's greatest est gold rushes. British diamond magnates, including Cecil Rhodes and JCI's founder Barney Bernato, maneuvered to seize control of the Witwatersrand Reef and its massive potential wealth. Measures, in the form of taxation and other restrictions, were taken by the Boer government to prevent control from falling to the foreigners, or uitlanders , as they were known among the Boers. These tensions eventually led to the disastrous Jameson Raid (1895) and the Second Boer War (1899 - 1902). The mines were shut down, and the British and Boers threw themselves at one another with a vengeance. After the War By the end of the war, the region, now firmly in British hands, was utterly devastated by the scorched earth policies embraced by both sides. With the mines nonetheless scheduled to reopen, massive investment in infrastructure to support the reviving mining industry was essential. Much of the pressure for new development fell to randlords, like Bernato and Rhodes, who had both the capital and connections to foster major development. They raised funds and encouraged immigration into Johannesburg, developing shopping centers, electrical street lighting, railroads, sprawling grand hotels, and elegant mansions. This was the founding of modern Johannesburg, which soon became the largest city in South Africa, eclipsing Cape Town. The present map was issued in Pairs, France by Bernato's company, the Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Company and La Revue Sud-Africaine to encourage investment. Why Bernato chose to focus on French, rather than British, investment is unclear. It is possible that it was an attempt to edge in on his competitor, sometimes partner, and general nemesis, Cecil Rhodes, who received financing from the French Rothschild family. What is certain is that there was considerable investment interest in France. As early as 1893, there were several million shares of major South African mining companies in French portfolios. Henry Dupont published a regular journal La Revue Sud-Africaine , which focused exclusively on the British-controlled South African mining industry and was one of the co-publishers of this map. Publication History The map drawn and engraved by Langonnet et Langlet and published jointly by Johannesburg Consolidated Investment and the Revue Sud-Africaine . Not coincidentally, the Revue Sud-Africaine and Langonnet et Langlet also produced the 1895 Goldmann map of the Witwatersrand. References: David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford University, G8502.W5 G46 [1902] .L3.

Second state of Visscher's engraved map of Africa, with the privilege added to the bottom right. It shows the whole continent of Africa, the southern Mediterranean coast and a substantial part of the Arabian Peninsula. Primarily the coastline is accurately depicted, with great detail to the South African coastline in particular - the interior of Africa was not accurately mapped until the 19th century. This map was based on Willem Blaeu's map of 1608, and used in atlases by the Visscher family up to 1696.With the centrefold strengthened at the back; paper browned and with a few small smudges, but the colouring still bright.l Koeman, Vis 86*; V.d. Krogt & De Groot 35:04 (first state); Norwich, Africa 55. In passepartout (56 x 66 cm). Engraved double-page map (image size: 43.5 x 54 cm; leaf size: 51 x 60 cm), coloured by a contemporary hand. With title in a decorated cartouche on the top right flanked by two Africans and two putti and dedication to Gerardus Schaap in a decorated cartouche on the bottom left, with Schaap's coat of arms on top and flanked by mythical figures. Further illustrated with small ships and African animals (including lions, monkeys, rhinoceros and ostriches).

Very good. Minor wear along original fold lines. Minor spotting at places. Size 23 x 31 Inches. This is an extremely attractive and monumentally proportioned 1860 elephant folio map of Algeria by the French cartographer A. H. Dufour. Algeria is depicted divided into the administrative districts of Oran, Alger and Constantine with roads, rivers, caravan routes, cities, and topographical features noted throughout. It also details several nautical routes between different Algerian cities and Europe. Long a hotbed of piracy and a center for the Slave trade, the Barbary coast, including the Maghreb, was being conquered by France as this map was drawn. Frances tenuous conquest of Tunisia and Algeria in 1830 finally ended the threat of the Barbary Corsairs. After its conquest by the French in 1830, Algeria became an attractive destination for European immigrants. However the majority indigenous Muslim population was dissatisfied with the political system. This dissatisfaction would ultimately trigger the Algerian War in 1854 and lead to Algeria's independence from France in 1862. This map was prepared by Auguste-Henri Dufour and engraved by Charles Dyonette for publication plate no. 36 in Armand Le Chevalier's 1860 edition of Atlas Universel, Physique, Historique et Politique de Geographie Ancienne et Moderne . References: Rumsey 5020.040.

Very good. Bears University of California Library Stamp, from which it was deaccessioned, in lower right quadrant. Blank on verso. Size 13 x 16 Inches. This is a fine example of the 1840 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge or S.D.U.K. map of northern Africa in ancient times. It depicts the various ancient kingdoms and offers a good detail in the deserts - some of which is entirely speculative. Depicts the ancient regions of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Marmarica, Phazania and Aegyptus. Various ancient cities along the coast, rivers, mountains and other topographical details are noted, with relief shown by hachure. A note in the bottom right quadrant remarks, 'In this map several names of places and tribes have been omitted on the count of the impossibility of assigning their true positions. Some of the names which are inserted are very uncertain.' The Garamantes, the earliest known name of a tribe that was the ancestor of the Berber people, is noted. The Carthaginian Empire was formed after Carthage gained independence from the Phoenician colonies in 650 BC. Carthage became the center for trade and the Carthaginian Empire dominated much of the region, until Numidia, the Kingdom to the west of Carthage, allied itself with Rome in 206 BC leading the Roman conquest of the region in 201 BC. By the end of the third Punic war, the city of Carthage was leveled by Rome, thus ending its independent existence. Carthage's great general Hannibal, nearly conquered Rome with his highly trained war elephants, before being turned back at the very brink of victory. This map was originally copyrighted in 1840, but was issued in Volume two of Chapman and Hall's 1844 edition of Maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge . It was engraved by John Walker of J. and C. Walker. References: Rumsey 0890.118. Phillips (Atlases) 794.