lenhard johannes (44 Ergebnisse)

Paperback. Zustand: Very Good. Series: Kings Review. 150p paperback, white cover, very good condition, minimal wear to covers and edges, inside pocket in cover, binding firm, pages clean and bright, colour illustrations very clear and bright, very good copy of uncommon issue Language: English.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: 65, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Kinship is grounded in biological facts. It is based on the undeniable, universal reality of biological rules - a child is related to two parents of different sex - and concerned about how sociological structures - who cares for the child - map on to this. This view of kinship as the hard science of biology for a long time had ardent supporters, Morgan and Gellner among them. The exceptions - adoption for instance - that even Morgan and Gellner admitted to this rule of 'biology only' soon took got the upper hand. However, alternatives were not immediately at hand. Needham and after him Schneider argued for the death of kinship as a whole while already very early Durkheim and Rivers search for a solution in a recourse to 'social kinship'. It took another couple of decades, however, until scholars such as Bloch/Guggenheim and Clarke fully developed a repertoire for analysing social kinship in terms of for instance nurture and care. Problematic in all those accounts was merely one thing: they did not deal with the dichotomy between nature and culture, between biological and social kinship. Carstens tries to address this shortcoming with her more dynamic notion of 'relatedness' mapped onto Latourian networks. The final question, however, remains: are we really developing towards a 'hybrid idea' if kinship between biological and social relations 12 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Organisation und Verwaltung - Sonstiges, Note: 2,0, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 'Die Rechts- und Organisationsformen, mit denen Nationen, Länder und Kommunen ihre Aufgaben wahrnehmen, unterliegen, wie die Gesellschaft auch, einem ständigen Wandel. [.] Stillstand wäre Rückschritt. [.] Aktuell ist die Managerialisierung Ökonomisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Deutschland in vollem Gange' (Niederelz, 2007, S. 276)Dieses Zitat beschreibt die gegenwärtige Situation sehr genau. Globalisierung, Terrorismus und Themen innerhalb der Gesellschaft, wie Familie und das soziale System üben einen ungeheuren Druck auf die Verwaltung aus, der vor allem einen Kostendruck darstellt. Kosten müssen vermieden und Effektivität gesteigert werden. Das Instrument der leistungsbezogenen Entgelte stellt ein Mittel dar um dieser Tendenz entgegenzukommen.Der Einsatz dieses 'Allheilmittels' muss jedoch gründlich vorbereitet werden um ihn zu einem erfolgreichen zu machen. Wie Befragungen zeigen, wird es in Zukunft zu einer verstärkten Nutzung des Instruments des18 kommen, und das auf allen Ebenen der Verwaltung. Ob diese Nutzung jedoch positiv ist, hängt davon ab, wie viele Mittel man bereit ist im Vorfeld in die Verwaltung zu investieren, die sie später um ein Vielfaches wieder einsparen wird.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Gender Studies, grade: Distinction, London School of Economics, language: English, abstract: Baudrillard was not concerned as much about pornography and particularly not about cybersex, as he was about the more general concepts of 'hyperreality' and the 'obscene'. But nevertheless, it seems that his ideas might be relevant in today's 'mediated' forms of sexual pleasure. This paper therefore tries to apply his theory towards the notion of cybersex. Two questions seem of highest importance: Is cybersex 'real' What is it that actually takes place in cybersex The first question can be framed with Baudrillard's notion of 'hyperreality' and 'virtual', whereas the 'obscene' is most fruitful in describing the content of cybersex. In the following, this essay will in the first paragraph deal predominantly with the definition of cybersex before the second and third part will introduce Baudrillard's ideas and critically apply them towards the question of the 'realness of cybersex' as well as the 'content' of it. Before the conclusion will try to give the analysis a wider perspective, a section of general critique will follow the development of the argument and reflect on the applicability of Baudrillard towards cybersex. First, however, it is necessary to come to a common understanding of the notion of cybersex.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 1.3, University of London (Department of Politics and International Relations), language: English, abstract: War or Peace The answer to this question is very ambiguous in classical theory; arguments laid out by both liberalists and realists are consistent although the empirical evidence so far tends to support the realist notion of perpetual conflict. Especially taking into account terrorism, intervention and intrastate conflict, a pessimistic outlook seems unavoidable. So the overwhelming empirical arguments still win the case in favour of Realism, in my opinion.To come to this argument, the first paragraph is denoted to give definitions of the most important terms and a description of the international system. After this initial clarification, the liberal position of a possible peace defended by what can be called the 'interconnectedness' thesis in political, economic and institutional terms will be presented. This will then be confronted with the realist argumentation for a never-ending state of war. The last part of the paper will deal with intrastate wars, humanitarian intervention and terrorism as the 'new threat to eternal peace' leading to a pessimistic conclusion.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Ethnology / Cultural Anthropology, grade: 64%, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: As Geertz himself has recognised, 'one cannot write a 'General Theory of Cultural Interpretation'' (TD, 26). It might therefore be wrong right from the beginning to talk about his 'project'. Accepting this notion for a moment, one has furthermore to acknowledge that Geertz has only picked up different traditions - namely those of Weber, Boas and Kluckhohn in the social sciences and Wittgenstein and Husserl in philosophy - and 'melted' them into a distinguishable whole (Ortner, 1984). If one also dismisses this historical analysis for a moment and takes Geertz project of an 'interpretive anthropology' as a given whole, a description develops around his notions of semiotic culture, thick description, small matters and native narratives.It is in those ideas that one finds both Geertz' strengths and weaknesses as I argue below. Arguing both in abstract, theoretical terms and in relation to Geertz' major ethnographies - Negara, Meaning and order in Moroccan society and Deep play - the significance of the interpretive project is undeniable but not without limitations: Does the interpretation of culture as a text make sense How does Geertz link his focus on 'small matters' towards an analysis of culture Is it possible to deny theory.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 1.7, Royal Holloway, University of London, language: English, abstract: Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan being the wars discussed most controversial in the last decade are also an important subject matter for the political theory (Kugler et al., 2004; Mearsheimer/Walt, 2003). Especially their use as falsifying cases against the liberal notion of democratic peace theory is prominent - though questionable (Panke/Risse, 2007). Kant and his successors in the tradition of the liberal democratic peace theory can to a certain extent be defended even considering the recent wars - at east on the surface; these were fought between despotic states and democracies and therefore do not stand in opposition to the liberal peace theory in its 'narrow form'. Nevertheless, closer analysis reveals that the recent conflicts can be used as examples of severe violations of part of Kant's predictions and arguments. These arguments will be exposed within the first part of the essay formulated by Immanuel Kant already in 1795 (Kant, 2007). Afterwards the theoretical discussion will be expanded towards contemporary followers, such as Doyle (1983). They form what is often stated as the liberal democratic peace theory. Subsequently, the cases of Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan as possible points of falsifications against the trustworthiness of the theoretical arguments presented beforehand will be analysed.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 1.3, Royal Holloway, University of London, language: English, abstract: Globalization alone is not causing the decline of the nation-state - not a single 'trend' is able to reduce the power of the most important actor in the international system. Rather, different developments need to be taken into account when examining the situation of the nation-state. After having analyzed in the first part the way, major globalization-developments, like global capitalism, influence the nation-state, I will describe in the second and third part two other movements: internationalization and regionalization. Both are 'labelled' with a national/transnational ambiguity, on the one hand strengthening and on the other hand weakening the nation-state. Within the conclusion, I will then argue, that the nation-state is indeed 'under attack' - but not only by globalization - and that it has to cope with a changing nature and differing tasks.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Political Theory and the History of Ideas Journal, grade: 1.3, Royal Holloway, University of London, language: English, abstract: Aristotle defends his claim of polity as the ideal constitution by arguments taken from his ethical thoughts, namely his theories of mean, virtue and equality.The first part of the essay will therefore discuss these ethical concepts before in the second part Aristotle's arguments leading to his first 'ideal' constitution - aristocracy - will be laid down. Discussing several problems of an aristocracy in the third part, the essay will describe Aristotle's real preference for polity as a 'mixed' and 'middle' constitution in the fourth part. The last chapter is dedicated to reflect Aristotle's discussion shortly in today's light and present some points of critique.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Classics and Theoretical Directions, grade: Distinction, London School of Economics, language: English, abstract: Durkheim followed one central question during his writings, namely the search for the 'bonds which unite men one with another' (Durkheim, 1888: 257). Especially Durkheim's early works are concerned in this respect with the forms of 'solidarité' that are specific for pre-industrial or lower societies in contrast to the ongoing industrialised or organised kind of community.In the 'Division of Labour', Durkheim arrives at a rather pessimistic account of modern, industrial society: although under 'normal circumstances' the division of labour leads to a harmonious society bound together by solidarity, our current form of industrial organisation is in an 'appaling crisis' (ibd.: 339) composed of 'organs that still clash discordantly together' (ibd.: 340). It is this account Durkheim gives of solidarity in the modern society that can be criticised substantially. The following essay will therefore consist of an analysis of his line of thought that leads him from early societies bound together by what he calls 'mechanical solidarity' based on similarities, to the notion of 'organic solidarity' in the 'contractual society'. Especially his optimistic, evolutionary account of the development of solidarity, his use of empirical data and finally his idealised notion of society are possible points of doubt as will be shown.The concluding remarks will lift Durkheim's analysis from the early 20th Century to a contemporary account trying to extend it with Foucault's 'penal society'.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Classics and Theoretical Directions, grade: Distinction, London School of Economics, language: English, abstract: Simmel was following his own research agenda, which he sketched in his 'Problem of Sociology' (Simmel, 1971a). For him, the aim of sociology was to study 'the objective reality of sociation' (35), essentially those processes of interaction, which he differentiated into 'social form' and 'content' (24). During his career, Simmel himself investigated many of those forms , but excluded sexuality from his writing. Although it is possible to trace thoughts about sexuality within his accounts, none of his essays was tackling this form of human interaction explicitly. In the course of this essay, it will nevertheless be attempted to describe the form of sexuality in Simmelian terms being a reciprocal interaction characterised by the duality of love and lust. After the investigation of sexuality as a 'pure form' in terms of the categories introduced above, two exemplary 'contents' will be looked at following Simmel's own fragmentary style. Choosing pornography and celibacy as contrasting and extreme examples, one might be able to test the validity of the account given beforehand and examine the relicts of sexuality per se in far-removed contents. However, first of all, a Simmelian analysis of sexuality as such will be given in the following first paragraphs.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay aus dem Jahr 2012 im Fachbereich Pädagogik - Wissenschaft, Theorie, Anthropologie, Note: 66, University of Cambridge, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 'The Laws of the phenomena of society are, and can be, nothing but the laws of the actions and passions of human beings . . . Men are not, when brought together, converted into another kind of substance' (John Stuart Mill). Compare and contrast how Weber and Durkheim might have responded to this statement. What John Stuart Mill means seems straightforward: society functions as a unidirectional interplay of individuals. The rules, that govern those individuals in isolation also dominate in situations of collective character. Mill expresses a deep belief in the overarching importance of the individual in comparison to collectives that in turn do not change the actor's behaviour. When we place Mill in his liberal and utilitarian context, this opinion does not surprise; for him, self-interest seemed to rule both the individual and society. To put it crudely: individual > society. Contrasting the 'laws of the phenomena of society' with 'the laws of the actions and passions of human beings', the main difference lies in the society-individual dichotomy, i.e. the level of analysis. The former refers to situations in which more than one actor participates, such as religion, economy or administration. The latter alludes to the personal behaviour, feelings and ideas of a human being, almost to psychology. Without questioning this dichotomy in its foundation , both Weber and Durkheim, differ widely from the view that both spheres of law are approximately congruent. For both scholars, society has a life on its own, rules on its own that are at least partly independent from the individual. Durkheim much more than Weber even ascribes an influence to society that is able to dominate the individual behaviour. For Weber, the overarching force of capitalist society is a particular condition in modern society that he reveals and criticises. The laws of the individual are not without importance in his scheme - but need to be strengthened. Let me introduce his thesis in more detail in the following paragraphs.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Ethnology / Cultural Anthropology, grade: 62%, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Even though scholars directly involved in the discourse were themselves not able to clearly differentiate between structuralism, functionalism and the various combinations of the two terms, retrospectively, two lines have been drawn.The first is between functionalism which was brought forward by Malinowski and his followers at the LSE and structural-functionalism. The latter was historically developed as a direct reply to a Malinowskian individualism by Radcliffe-Brown, Fortes and Evans-Pritchard. The line this essay is going to blur separates structural-functionalism from originally French structuralism as coined by Levi-Strauss. I argue that those retrospective lines are nowadays often as artificial as they were for contemporary scholars in the early 1900s. Many commonalities - in their striving for universal laws, and even their fallacies - are contrasted by some differences, mainly in their treatment of fieldwork and the concept of structure. The different schools of thought were organically growing out of each other rendering the continuity of features natural. Only paying attention in passing to the earlier, 'purely' functionalist school of Malinowski, I compare the structural functionalism most clearly visible in Radcliffe-Brown with Levi-Strauss' structuralism. Let me briefly put forward his arguments on methods in general as well as function and structure in particular before Levi-Strauss enters the analysis.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: 2:1, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: The two Boleyn girls struggled to keep up with King Henry VIII's demands in the fifteenth Century. Mary having been the King's mistress for assumingly two years, her sister Anne takes over to enchant the Henry and become Queen. Her fertility was, however, not exactly appropriate in the eyes of the King - no son was ever to be born from her womb. Henry had to find ways to get rid of her and her unbearable 'inability'. So at least runs the story that Justin Chadwick tells about the 'two Boleyn girls'. In their case, new reproductive technologies and genetic prediction would have 'made' kinship indeed. Would it only have been possible to help a little bit with the pregnancy, would it have been possible to predict (and change) the gender of the heir, the Boleyn family could have had a glorious future. NRTs had 'made kinship', had sustained it and potentially given Anne the chance to live on. Strathern (2002:1) describes this synthesising character, the 'making of kinship' on the first page of 'Reproducing the Future'; she proposes a 'contrast between traditional biology that could only get a handle on what life is through analysis - taking things apart to observe the composition of characteristics - and the possibilities afforded by computer simulation. Here one can synthesise various characteristics to observe the effect of combining them'. Traditional biology as a discipline can only analyse, take apart, while new technologies help to synthesis and produce.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Pädagogik - Wissenschaft, Theorie, Anthropologie, Note: 2:1, University of Cambridge, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Born out of critique on structuralism and its forbearers, practice theory arises in the late 1970s and early 1980s with Giddens in the UK, Bourdieu in France and Sahlins in the States. It most ardently argues for the relevance of intentional subjects in social and cultural process and similarly the impact of history or event upon the wider social structure (Ortner, 1984:137f). Focusing in the following on the work of Bourdieu (1977), Sahlins (1987, 1994, 2000) and later Ortner (1984, 1989, 2006a, 2006b), I argue that practice does mainly aim at solving one major theoretical problem: how do actors and structure interact in order to 'make' the world How can (intentional) individuals be reconciled with the influence of an overarching system of presumptions Or as Sahlins puts it (2000:295): 'how shall we reconcile structure that are logical and durable with events that are emotional and ephemeral'. The common ground most authors build shall also serve as a starting point for the more detailed account as expressed by Ortner (2006:2): practice theories 'conceptualise the articulations between the practices of social actors on the ground and the big structures and systems that both constrain those practices and yet are ultimately susceptible to being transformed by them'. In essence, practice theory proposes a dialectical relationship as the solution for the dilemma stated above. As part of this overall-endeavour, practice theory in its various forms has several sub-arguments that are concerned with the notions of structure and actor, the possibility of change as well as the importance of history respectively.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: 69, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Modern money is not easily captured. Some accounts even claim that its defining feature is its quality as a universal leveller and yardstick (see Maurer, 2006:16). This quality, however, is exactly what we want to debate. Without being confined to a particular conceptualisation of 'modern money' as a means of payment, a store of value and a unit of account, I want to approach money as such in its various forms in traditional (nonmodern) contexts and our own 'credit-money'-bank form. The question is what effect a money has: does it flatten, commensurate and homogenise Is it true that 'when monetary exchange is anonymous and anonymizing, the social identities of transacting parties are irrelevant to the value of the objects mediated by money . and so the things take on the powers of the fetish' (Maurer, 2006:23) As the following discussion shows, you can indeed find examples for this flattening function of money. Not only does Marx explicitly focus on this negative, fetishised - i.e. concealed - quality of money as 'confuser', but Bohannan (1959) finds this effect of modern money on the Tiv economy in Nigeria. Kwon's (2007) analysis of Vietnamese ghost money generally agrees with Bohannan - but introduces a more balanced view on money's cultural meanings and potential problems of human agency and performativity as opposed to seeing it as an inherent quality. Simmel's other side of money's potential effect - increased freedom and a new form of relation - are brought into the debate with Cole's (2005) account of transactional sex in Madagascar partly building on Hutchinson's (1992) fieldwork among the Nuer. Money should not be seen through the eyes of Western folk tales (Maurer, 2006:19) but in its culturally specific context. Money is not one-sided but its effects depend on where it is used by whom in what kind of practice. Marx account is merely one part of this story - the one that now has become exactly that, a Western folk tale.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: 2:1, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: While the question presupposes that a potential 'trade' takes place in marriage payments, I argue in this paper that the preoccupation with the 'things' traded in for instance most of the structural-functionalist analysis is mistaken. Much more, marriage payments are about social reproduction as a whole. In the course of the analysis, I want to qualify the manifest idea that things are 'exchanged' in marriage payments, either immediately or over time, as developed mainly by structural functionalists. According to the traditional paradigm, the single underlying formula is 'money versus rights'. Rights in this context can relate to very diverging parts of social life as I will show below. Woman, children, sexuality are often - as structuralists such as Levi-Strauss (1977) argue - part of a wider system of potentially reciprocal exchanges. It is important, however, to not.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: 65, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Ethnographies of the state have undergone increased scrutiny over recent years. There are several reasons for that: Weber's famous definition of the state as the 'human community successfully claiming the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory' has been contested by state-deniers such as Radcliffe-Brown (1940/2006) or later 'fetishists' including Abrams (1988) and Taussig (1992). They acknowledged the need to pin down the state in practices of everyday life rather than as an abstract 'fetishised' unity. Most recently, heightened influence of globalised companies ('corporate turn', Kapferer, 2005), NGOs and transnational organisations such as the IMF and the world bank (Trouillot, 2001) dispersed centres of sovereignty even further. Following historical developments, the study of the state has come full turn from Hobbes's 'Leviathan' to Foucault's 'capillaries'. I will briefly mention several different ethnographic analytics that can help to still trace the state and its effects in this multi-dimensional context - introducing notions of institutions, culture and history as locations for state power - before I focus on the study of a seemingly non-state political expression: resistance. I examine Abu-Lughod's (1990) mighty claim that where we find resistance, there is power (i.e. the state) with the help of ethnographic case studies from Egypt (Ali, 1996), Botswana (Comaroff, 1985), Malaysia (Scott, 1989), India (Nandy, 1983) and Turkey (Navaro-Yashin, 2002).

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Ethnology / Cultural Anthropology, grade: 69, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Kuper's (1944) original account of the ritual of Incwala in the Swazi territoriy in Southern Africa has spurred an immense literature over the past seventy years. From sociological-functionalist accounts focusing on the Incwala as a ritual of 'internal rebellion' (Gluckman, 1953,1960) over a symbolist focus on the metaphorical power of the King's separation (Beidelman, 1966) to the historical embedding of different forms of the Incwala (Kuper, 1972; Lincoln 1987), no singular interpretation seems adequate on its own. Adding a further layer using a more 'practice oriented' and individual analysis of rituals (La Fontaine, 1985; Bloch, 1991), I try to accomplish an even more complicated and multi-faceted interpretation claiming that no single line of thought can represent the complexity of this ritual in its various historical forms.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Sociology - Economy and Industry, grade: 2:1, London School of Economics, language: English, abstract: The recent economic and financial crisis seems to give an easy answer to the question whether markets can be truly global. How is it possible that German municipalities go bankrupt because they bought American mortgage papers other than by the force of a truly global market The world is flat (Friedman, 2007) - so markets can not be anything but global. However, as we will try to show in this essay, bold statements as well as seemingly bold questions such as 'Can a market be truly global' need to be treated with caution. What does it mean to be 'truly global' What after all is a 'market' It is those issues that need to be addressed first. The paper will afterwards demonstrate the case of two examples of markets, namely fashion and finance. Analysing the globality of those very different types, we will try to show that it is firstly important to be attentive in regards to different parts of markets: for example, does the consumption side in the particular fashion market analysed seem to be much less global than the production side. It is secondly important to consider non-economic parts of the market when judging the degree of globalness: the seemingly global foreign exchange market in finance for instance is indeed very much 'embedded' into both social and material contexts which makes it what is called a 'global hybrid' below. It is nationally grounded but trades globally. The exemplary discussion of fashion and finance will afterwards be contextualised with a more general critical section illuminating the arguments of Marxists and sceptical school thinking before we come to a conclusion.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Art - Installation / Action/Performance Art / Modern Art, grade: 1.3, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, language: English, abstract: The core of my term paper is based on two issues. The concept of an 'art laboratory' in general and its application on Warhol and Warhols factory.In the first part of my paper, I try to develop the idea of a laboratory. I start with the common sense interpretation of the laboratory in the natural sciences. Afterwards I try to employ different theories taken from the cultural sciences to develop the term for my intention. Bourdieu, Becker, Knorr Cetina and others designed concepts to fill the laboratory idea used by Dragicevic Sesic and Dragojevic with life and in the end of the first part of my paper, I will have an idea of the 'art laboratory' which can be used to describe Warhols factory and evaluate its policies in the 1960s.In the next chapter, I will first introduce Warhol and his life in a short introduction. After this, I will describe in a very short paragraph the development oft the art scene in New York in the 1950s and 1960s before I come to describe the factory as Warhol s studio and working place and as a meeting point for the new york boheme and scene, as the venue in the 1960s New York.In the last chapter interwoven with the description, I will cope with Warhol s policies and with its major aims and tasks prospective power and aesthetics. Especially the concept of avantgarde is a major topic in this cahpter.In a final paragraph, a short recapitulation and reflexion will be done and I will come up with an evaluation of the concept of the 'art laboratory' and its appliance to Warhol s factory.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 1.3, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 'Patents are an important element in the innovation system {.}. How patents are managed can foster or hinder innovation and can expand or restrict access to the fruits of federally funded biomedical research {.} That the system works does not prove that it is near an optimum. The patent system is filled with arbitrary rules, such as the patent term, and arcane but important practices {.}. The wealth of public rhetoric justifying the patent system as essential - while very likely true - is ironic given the dearth of empirical analysis that policymakers need to assess its costs and benefits Bar-Shalom, Cook-Deegan, 2002, S. 663/671 Dieses Zitat spiegelt schon 2002 wider, was auch heute bezüglich des amerikanischen Patentsystems diskutiert wird. Das System ist mit Abstrichen als wirksam zu bewerten - jedoch gibt es erhebliche Probleme mit den gegenwärtigen Regelungen. Diese werden sowohl in der algemeinen Literatur, als auch speziell innerhalb des Artikels von Sean M. O Connor, der meinem Kommentar zugrunde liegt, analysiert und diskutiert. Dabei liefert der Autor wichtige Anregungen für Verbesserungsvorschläge, speziell hinsichtlich der legislativen Entwicklung in der Folge des Bayh Dole Acts und den zahlreichen nicht-staatlichen Initiativen. Im Folgenden werde ich zunächst in einer deskriptiven Analyse den Inhalt des Papiers kurz zusammenfassen um danach Kritikpunkte, Verbesserungsvorschläge und weiter Ansatzpunkte, die von O Connor nicht aufgegriffen werden, anzuführen und die Arbeit in den Kontext des aktuellen Diskurses zu stellen.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Cultural Studies - Miscellaneous, grade: Distinction, London School of Economics (Sociology), course: Cultural Theory, language: English, abstract: The categories of real and symbolic, material and meaning have for a long time bothered not only cultural theorists but also prominent philosophers (e.g. Hegel, 1979; Heidegger, 1978) and sociologists (e.g. Baudrillard, 1983, 1993). Often the relationship between the two has been characterised in terms of 'opposition', 'contrast' or 'incompatibility'. It can, however, be argued that this theorizing has - at least in cultural theory which is the strand of discourse that is dealt with in this paper - been replaced by a 'unity'. More precisely, it is practice theory that has in several ways overcome the opposition and replaced it with an 'inclusive view' (e.g. Reckwitz (2002); Shove&Pantzar (2005)). Going beyond the debate of 'practice theory' in its different forms (comparing for example Bourdieu with Schatzki) and also exceeding the comparison of practice theory with other forms of cultural theory (see Reckwitz (2002) for an overview), this paper will make two arguments: First of all, if we focus on the more recent forms of practice theory (what Postill (2010) calls the 'second wave'), it is indeed possible to abolish the above oppositions in favour of an inclusive notion of practice regarding material and meaning. We will try to provide a common theoretical understanding of practice in the first part of the following essay. Secondly, the main part of this paper consists of an applied case study, the 'Revolution of the Practice of Payment'. We follow the approach developed by Shove and Pantzer (2005) towards Nordic walking in order to depict the development of payment practices from coin and paper to plastic money. In the last chapter of this paper, however, we will debate the notion whether it should do so. In this critical part, we will take into account arguments formulated on the one hand from material culture studies and on the other from language and representation studies in relation to payment practices in particular. Without questioning the general claim of practice theory, we show two alternative ways of describing payment. On the one hand we argue in the tradition of Shell and Baudrillard that payment became already with the advancement of paper money inherently immaterial and symbolic, whereas following Miller's material studies on the other hand, payment will always be deeply linked to materiality - even in its most immaterial forms.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich BWL - Investition und Finanzierung, Note: 1.3, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Finanzkrise hat den Ruf nach Regulierung laut werden lassen - aber auf der anderen Seite auch gezeigt, dass einzelne Regulierungsmaßmaßnahmen bei einer globalen Krise keine Wirkung zeigen. Vor allem wenn verschiedene Regulierungen nicht aufeinander abgestimmt sind, kann dies in gegensätzlicher Weise Krisentendenzen verschlimmern. So stellt sich hier die Frage nach der richtigen Regulierung. Kann es ein Zuviel an Regulierung geben Die derzeitige Krise, wie auch jede zukünftige wird von globaler Natur sein und daher ist es heute wichtiger als je zuvor, dass die einzelnen Akteure zusammenarbeiten und eine einheitliche Lösung gefunden wird - jedoch nicht um jeden Preis.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Leadership and Human Resource Management - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.3, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, language: English, abstract: Intangible Asstes and especially human resources are crucial for the present and future success of a company. Many studies have found out the importance of human resources as a strategic resource following the argumentation of Prahalad and Hamelt and their resource based view. The need for a HR management system is therefore perceivable. Different approaches have been made including Human Resource Accounting and a Human ResourceBalanced Scorecard. These attempts, however, are either not meaningful for the practical use or not holistic in terms of money and strategy. After discussing the problems of the various approaches, I tried to combine different means towards an adaption of the Human Resource Balanced Scorecard developed by Becker et al.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich Führung und Personal - Sonstiges, Note: 2.3, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, Veranstaltung: Human Resource Management, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Unsere Studie möchte eine Dimension von kultureller Diversität eröffnen, die bisher häufig so nicht aufgekommen ist. Im Allgemeinen gehen die Studien, die sich mit kultureller Diversität beschäftigen auf Variablen, wie Hautfarbe, Rasse oder Ethnie ein (bspw. Greenhaus et al. 1990). Diese Kategorien eignen sich vor allem für den amerikanischen Kontext, der auch in der Literatur am häufigsten untersucht wir. Jedoch möchten wir uns dem bisher weitaus weniger ausgiebig untersuchten europäischen Kontinent widmen, der eine andere Dimension von kultureller Diversität benötigt. Unsere Dimension von kultureller Diversität bezieht sich damit einerseits auf das Phänomen der Kultur mit den damit verbunden Implikationen hinsichtlich der Unterschiede, die von verschiedenen Kulturen hervorgebracht werden.Es soll dabei einerseits um Ethnie, andererseits aber auch um kulturell bedingte Werte, Hintergründe, Ansichten und Informationen gehen.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 2,0, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen (Lehrstuhl für Strategische Organisation und Finanzierung), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 'Populationen' und 'Nische', 'Resource Partitioning' und 'Density Dependence' -Konzepte und Begriffe, die von Hannan und Freeman 1977 von der Biologie auf dieOrganisationsforschung übertragen wurden und mit denen die Richtung derOrganisationsökologie eng verbunden ist. Diese Forschungsrichtung beschäftigt sich mitder Gründung, Veränderung und dem Sterben von Organisationen - sie überträgt dabeiTheorien aus dem biologischen Kontext auf den organisationalen und findet möglicheUrsachen für die oben beschriebenen Vorfälle.In meiner Arbeit beschäftige ich mich mit einem dieser 'Events', nämlich demorganisationalen Sterben. Die bisherigen Ansätze verfolgen eine Vielzahl von Variablen,die einen Einfluss auf diesen Prozess haben - Größe, Alter, Dichte der Population, Identitätoder Blueprint - um nur einige zu nennen. Es lässt sich jedoch folgern, dass es die eineperfekt Organisationen, die gegen das Sterben gefeit wäre, nicht gibt. Nichtsdestowenigergibt es mögliche Strategien, wie man möglichst lange 'vom Ende verschont' bleibt. Ineiner empirischen Betrachtung möchte ich eben diese für die Population der 'Desing yourown Tshirt' - Online Shops herausfinden.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book examines the historical roots and evolution of simulation from an epistemological, institutional and technical perspective. Rich case studies go far beyond documentation of simulation's capacity for application in many domains, they also explore the 'functional' and 'structural' debate that continues to traverse simulation thought and action. One here asks if simulation deeply transforms science, or instead constitutes a limited tool that principally extends the repertory of erstwhile practice. Does simulation comprise a novel form of experiment, or rather operate as a mechanism which extends standing forms of experimentation What are simulation's relations with models or theory, for example These studies further query to what extent and in what ways simulation may be regarded as a discipline, a special species of instrument, or as transdisciplinary.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This book examines the historical roots and evolution of simulation from an epistemological, institutional and technical perspective. Rich case studies go far beyond documentation of simulation's capacity for application in many domains, they also explore the 'functional' and 'structural' debate that continues to traverse simulation thought and action. One here asks if simulation deeply transforms science, or instead constitutes a limited tool that principally extends the repertory of erstwhile practice. Does simulation comprise a novel form of experiment, or rather operate as a mechanism which extends standing forms of experimentation What are simulation's relations with models or theory, for example These studies further query to what extent and in what ways simulation may be regarded as a discipline, a special species of instrument, or as transdisciplinary.

Buch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - Im vorliegenden Buch geht es um die methodologische und epistemologische Charakterisierung der Computersimulation. Zu diesem Zweck werden Computermodelle vor der Kontrastfolie mathematischer Modelle betrachtet. Eine Strategie der Mathematisierung zielt darauf ab, komplexe Phänomene in idealisierter Form zu modellieren und so die Komplexität zu reduzieren. Die Simulation markiert das Ende dieser Strategie: Die Modelle werden nun selbst komplex und erhalten eine partielle Autonomie.Insbesondere der Prozess der Simulationsmodellierung erfährt gegenüber traditioneller mathematischer Modellierung eine Transformation. Als zentrale Merkmale der Simulationsmodellierung werden anhand typischer Beispiele analysiert: Artifizialität, Experimentieren, Visualisierung, Plastizität und epistemische Opazität. Erst aus der Verknüpfung dieser Merkmale resultiert ein philosophisch neuartiges Bild, das wiederum zum Diskurs um das Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Technik beiträgt.