halevy elie translated introduction webb (1 Ergebnisse)

Hardcover. Zustand: Fine. Zustand des Schutzumschlags: Fine. 1st Edition. Xxxii, 324 Pp. Black Cloth, Gilt. First English Language Edition. Fine In Fine Dj.; Musty Odor But No Trace Of Dampstaining Or Other Damages Per Wikipedia, Élie Halévy (1870 -937) Was A French Philosopher And Historian Who Wrote Studies Of The British Utilitarians, The Book Of Essays Era Of Tyrannies, And A History Of Britain From 1815 To 1914 That Influenced British Historiography. In An Article Of 1893, Halévy Suggested That The Great Moral Question Of Modern Thought Was How The Abstract Idea Of Duty Could Become A Concrete Aim Of Society. This Question Had First Attracted Him To The Utilitarians, And He Found At The Core Of Their Answer A Fundamental Contradiction. Utilitarianism, He Said, Was Based On Two Principles: First, That The Science Of The Legislator Must Bring Together The Naturally Divergent Interests Of Individuals In Society; And, Second, That Social Order Comes About Spontaneously Through The Harmony Of Individual Interests. In Lectures Of 1929, Revised In 1936 (Published In 1938; The Era Of Tyrannies), Halévy Argued That The World War Had Increased National Control Over Individual Activities And Opened The Way For De Facto Socialism. In Opposition To Those Who Saw Socialism As The Last Step In The French Revolution, He Saw It As A New Organization Of Constraint Replacing Those That The Revolution Had Destroyed. Wallas Translates: The Age Of Tyrannies Dates From The Month Of August, 1914, That Is To Say From The Time When The Belligerent Nations First Adopted A Form Of Social Organisation Which May Be Defined As Follows: (1) In The Economic Sphere, The Nationalisation, On A Vast Scale, Of All The Means Of Production, Distribution And Exchange; And At The Same Time An Appeal By The Governments To The Leaders Of The Trade Unions For Support In Carrying Out This Policy. State Socialism, Therefore, Is Combined With Syndicalist And "Corporatism" Elements. (2) In The Intellectual Sphere, The "Nationalisation Of Ideas" In Two Different Forms, One Negative, That Is To Say The Suppression Of All Expressions Of Opinion Which Were Thought To Be Opposed To The National Interest, And The Other Positive. I Shall Call The Positive Aspect "The Organisation Of Enthusiasm". The Whole Of Post-War Socialism Is Derived From This War-Time Organisation Far More Than From Marxism. The Policy Which It Offers To Men Who Have Often Been Drawn To It By Their Distaste For And Hatred Of War Is The Continuation Of War-Time Organisation In Time Of Peace. That Is The Paradox Of Post-War Socialism. The Problem Of Social Responsibility Has Never Been Addressed Except By Fiat; The ;Process Of Educating The Public In Why Working Towards Common Goals - Health, Wealth, Order Is Not Necessarily Accompanied By Any Meaningful Reduction In General Freedom Of Thought, Behavior, And Action. The Problem Is Unresolvable When Politicians, Administrators, Supervisors, Educators, Consultants, And Media Persist In A Culture That Thinks That Absolute Freedom Is An Absolute Right Guarnteed Somewhere In Religion And Law (It's Not).