1874 lambert (4 Ergebnisse)
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Weitere BilderVerlag: M. Hayez, 1846., Bruxelles:, 1846
- Hardcover
- Erstausgabe
- Signiert
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In den WarenkorbLarge 8vo. [vi], iv, 450 pp. Half-title, numerous tables. Later full brown gilt-stamped cloth; endleaves with offsetting. With ownership signatures of A.L. Bowley, 1896, and F.N. David, 1957. Very good copy. FIRST EDITION of a landmark in social statistics. "This book is really an original, if elementary, treatise on probability… and social statistics, written in the form of a series of letters to the Belgian king's two nephews, Ernest (the duke to whom the book was dedicated) and Albert (who by 1846 was husband to Queen Victoria of Great Britain). Quetelet had tutored the two in the 1830's, and in writing his book as a series of letters he was adopting a form that had been used with great success by Euler in 1768, with Letters to a German Princess, a popular exposition of physical science." :: Stigler, History of Statistics, p. 206. / In his 1846 Lettres, Quetelet used [Laplace's curve of 'possible error'] to interpret anthropomorphic data, thus giving it a new methodological significance, as has been pointed out by Stigler. Quetelet used Laplace's theorem to determine whether a series of real objects (and not mere measures) could be considered homogeneous. Laplace's theorem implied that a group of measures affected by the same major causes, and varying only in terms of many minor, accidental causes, should be distributed according to Gauss' law. Quetelet's innovation was to use the Gaussian distribution as a way of detecting groups of homogeneous objects. He thus made explicit what had previously been merely implicit in Laplace's work: a Gaussian (or 'normal' distribution) is a necessary and sufficient condition of homogeneity. The Laplace-Gauss law thus left the arcane realm of the estimation of error (in the measurement of a given object) to become a tool for detecting homogeneity in groups of real objects. In particular, it became a method for identifying 'populations' as objective entities. If, for example, the chest size or stature of soldiers was approximately distributed according to Gauss' law, this would indicate that it was a real population, within which variation was merely accidental. For Quetelet, a Gaussian distribution revealed both order in apparent chaos, and also an underlying ideal type that nature tries to attain, implying that variation has no real significance. This would also explain why Darwin, if he did read Quetelet, would hardly have been attracted by his concept of a 'population.'" :: (Jean Gayon, Darwinism's Struggle for Survival: Heredity and the Hypothesis of Natural Selection, tr. by Matthew Cobb, 1998, pp. 117-8). / "Quetelet is credited with the first published visual images of normal and skewed probability distributions" (Judy L. Klein, Statistical Visions in Time: A History of Time Series Analysis, 1662-1938, 1997, p. 164). / PROVENANCE: Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley (1869-1957), was an English statistician and economist who worked on economic statistics and pioneered the use of sampling techniques in social surveys. He is called the father of economic statistics. Bowley took his degree from Trinity College, Cambridge and graduated as Tenth Wrangler in the mathematics department. From 1893 to 1899 (the time he signed this book), Bowley taught mathematics at St. John's. From 1895 he took a part-time position at the new London School of Economics. He also taught at University College, Reading. In 1919 he was appointed the first chair of statistics at University College, London, apparently the first such position in Britain. The Royal Statistical Society awarded him its Guy Medal in Gold in 1935, becoming the Society's president 1938â"40. :: See: "Bowley, Arthur Lyon (BWLY887AL)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. / F.N.D. Florence Nightingale David (1909-1993), also known as F. N. David was an English statistician, born in Ivington, Herefordshire, England. She was named after Florence Nightingale, who was a friend of her parents. David did not like her forenames and thus always referred to herself as ".
Weitere BilderVerlag: Charles & Edwin Layton, 1849., London:, 1849
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In den Warenkorb8vo. xvi, 309 pp. Tables. Original blind-stamped brown cloth, by Lewis (binder's ticket at rear); rebacked, new spine label. Fine. Inscribed by the translator Olinthus Gregory Downes, "To J.J. Sylvester Esq, F.R.S., with the translator's best respects." Bookplate of Percy Alexander MacMahon (engraved by C.M. Patt, R.E. 1904). Bo…okplate of the Francis Galton Laboratory; initials of Florence Nightingale David, 1945. REMARKABLE PROVENANCE. First edition in English, originally issued in Brussels, 1846. This is a translation of Lettres a S.A.R. le duc regnant de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha sur la theorie des probabilites, appliquee aux sciences morales et politiques. "This book is really an original, if elementary, treatise on probability and social statistics, written in the form of a series of letters to the Belgian king's two nephews, Ernest (the duke to whom the book was dedicated) and Albert (who by 1846 was husband to Queen Victoria of Great Britain). Quetelet had tutored the two in the 1830's, and in writing his book as a series of letters he was adopting a form that had been used with great success by Euler in 1768, with Letters to a German Princess, a popular exposition of physical science." :: Stigler, History of Statistics, p. 206. / PROVENANCE: James Joseph Sylvester (1814-1897), British mathematician, Fellow of the Royal Society, made fundamental contributions to matrix theory, invariant theory, number theory, partition theory and combinatorics. He came to Johns Hopkins University and was founder of the American Journal of Mathematics. / Percy Alexander MacMahon (1854-1929), was a British mathematician, especially noted in connection with the partitions of numbers and enumerative combinatorics. / Florence Nightingale David, whose initials are found on the Francis Galton Laboratory bookplate, bears the date 1945, right at the time when she came back to University College London (the location of the lab). See: F.N. David, Games, Gods and Gambling: The Origins and History of Probability and Statistical Ideas From the Earliest Times in the Newtonian Era, (1962). / The Galton Laboratory researched eugenics and then human genetics, was based at University College London. REFERENCES: Stigler, Stephen M., Statistics on the Table; the History of Statistical Concepts and Methods, (1999), pp. 206, 161-220. See: Theodore M. Porter, Karl Pearson: The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age, (2010), page 237, 254, 259. FULL TITLE: Letters Addressed to H. R. H. the Grand Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha on the Theory of Probabilities, as Applied to the Moral and Political Sciences. Translated from the French by Olinthus Gregory Downes. [PLEASE CONTACT DIRECT FOR FURTHER INFORMATION].
