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Human evolution: Fifty years after Homo habilis Bernard Wood explains why the announcement of , handy man, in April 1964 threw the field of hominin evolution into a turmoil that continues to this day. Development: Mobilize citizens to track sustainability Businesses and the public can keep watch when governments fail to provide environmental data, say Angel Hsu and colleagues. Policy: Free Indian science As elections begin in India, Mathai Joseph and Andrew Robinson call for an end to the stultifying bureaucracy that has held back the nation, s science for decades. Tudor technology: Shakespeare and science To mark the 450th anniversary of the bard, s birth, Jennifer Rampling probes how mathematics and technology shaped his era. Earth systems: No place like home The newest chapter in James Lovelock, s Gaia saga holds out hope, finds Tim Lenton. Review of A Rough Ride to the Future: The Next Evolution of Gaia James Lovelock Psychology: The clamorous mind Susanne Ahmari reviews a personal and scientific journey through obsessive compulsive disorder. Review of The Man Who Couldn, t Stop: OCD, and the True Story of a Life Lost in Thought David Adam Cancer treatment: Sharp shooters Beams of charged particles can treat cancer more safely and effectively than X-rays. Physicists and biomedical researchers are working to refine the technology for wider use. Vivien Marx Schizophrenia Herb Brody Aetiology: Searching for schizophrenia, s roots Emily Elert Language: Lost in translation David Noonan Genetics: Unravelling complexity Jessica Wright Drug development: The modelling challenge Alla Katsnelson Therapeutics: Negative feedback Elie Dolgin Prevention: Before the break Michele Solis Developing countries: The outcomes paradox T. V. Padma Ageing: Live faster, die younger Emily Anthes Perspective: Retreat from the radical Stephen R. Marder Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets Steven E. Hyman Interneuron subtypes and orientation tuning Seung-Hee Lee, Alex C. Kwan & Yang Dan Atallah et al. reply Bassam V. Atallah, Massimo Scanziani & Matteo Carandini El-Boustani et al. reply Sami El-Boustani, Nathan R. Wilson, Caroline A. Runyan & Mriganka Sur Articles Top Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease Catherine N. Hall, Clare Reynell, Bodil Gesslein, Nicola B. Hamilton, Anusha Mishra + et al. Neuronal activity relaxes pericytes, leading to capillary dilation and increased blood flow, before arterioles dilate, suggesting that pericytes initiate blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional imaging signals, pericytes constrict and die in rigor in ischaemia, which will cause a long-lasting blood flow decrease after stroke, and damage the blood brain barrier. See also News & Views by Greif & Eichmann Mechanism of Tc toxin action revealed in molecular detail Dominic Meusch, Christos Gatsogiannis, Rouslan G. Efremov, Alexander E. Lang, Oliver Hofnagel + et al. High-resolution structures of the Photorhabdus luminescens TcA toxin subunit and the entire Tc toxin complex reveal important new insights into Tc complex structure and function. Poly(A)-tail profiling reveals an embryonic switch in translational control Alexander O. Subtelny, Stephen W. Eichhorn, Grace R. Chen, Hazel Sive & David P. Bartel A new high-throughput sequencing method to determine mRNA poly(A)-tail length enabled studies of individual RNAs across species and developmental stages to investigate the role of poly(A) length in translational regulation, the relationship between poly(A) length and translational efficiency shown in early embryo systems does not occur later in development, a finding that explains different regulatory consequences of microRNAs acting at different developmental times. Letters Top A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo F. Braga-Ribas, B. Sicardy, J. L. Ortiz, C. Snodgrass, F. Roques + et al. Observations of a stellar occultation by (10199) Chariklo, a minor body that orbits the Sun between Jupiter and Neptu.
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